Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sulbactam, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, in combination with cefoperazone was administered to 18 pediatric patients, 7 months to 10 years 6 months of age, at a daily dose of 56-320 mg/kg divided into 4 times by intravenous bolus infusion for 3 to 11 days, and the sum of 2.6-74.0 g of the drug was given. A total of 18 cases comprised 8 with RTI, 1 with gastric tract infection, 4 with UTI and 5 with sepsis (suspected). Clinical efficacy was excellent in 10 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in 4 cases, and efficacy rate was 72.2%. Out of 8 strains (1 of S. aureus, 1 of P. aeruginosa, 1 of Salmonella subgenus I, 2 of E. coli, 2 of P. mirabilis and 1 of K. pneumoniae), possible causative organisms isolated before the treatment, 6 strains were disappeared, 1 strain of K. pneumoniae persisted, and 1 strain of P. aeruginosa was replaced by S. aureus. Diarrhea was noted in 1 case as subjective side effect, and as abnormal laboratory findings, GOT and GPT elevations in 1 case, GPT elevation in 1 case and eosinophil elevation in 1 case were observed.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical studies on sulbactam/cefoperazone in the pediatric field]. 609 61

We tested the activity of piperacillin against 491 bacterial local clinical isolates in comparison with ampicillin, mezlocillin, cefazolin, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, moxalactam, and gentamicin, using an agar dilution technique and inocula of 10(6) and 10(4) colony forming units. The results confirmed the broad-spectrum activity of piperacillin against a wide range of bacterial pathogens. The activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was encouraging, and it was one of the most active agents tested against that species. Its lack of stability for certain types of beta-lactamases was manifested by large differences in the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) activity between inocula of 10(6) and 10(4), and by the high MIC to inhibit 90% of strain of certain species compared with the MIC to inhibit 50% of strain. The activity of piperacillin suggests its clinical evaluation for use in combination with other agents in serious sepsis, in situations where beta-lactamase-producing strains are rare, and in antipseudomonal therapy.
 ...
PMID:In vitro activity of piperacillin and other microbials on 491 bacterial isolates. 621 9

A clinical and bacteriological evaluation of antibiotic therapy in surgical sepsis is performed on two groups of patients examined in 1979 and 1980 with particular regard to use of cephalosporins. In the first group have been administered cephalosporins not beta-lactamase resistant, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol and aminoglycosides on the basis of antimicrobial susceptibility testing; in the cases of urinary tract infections nitrofurans and nalidixic acid were also employed. In the second group the chemotherapy has been performed with beta-lactamase resistant cephalosporins only or associated with aminoglycosides. The results of this study suggest that the use of beta-lactamase resistant cephalosporins may be clinically advantageous, but the incidence of bacterial selection and resistances may avoided with a constant vigilance and bacteriological screening.
 ...
PMID:[Use of cephalosporins in surgical patients]. 621 7

Piperacillin sodium is a beta lactam antibiotic with a broad range of antibacterial activity that includes gram-negative bacilli, gram-positive cocci (except penicillinase-producing S. aureus) and anaerobic pathogens such as Clostridium difficile, and Bacteroides fragilis. Piperacillin inhibits many of the members of the Enterobacteriaceae, including Klebsiella sp and Pseudomonas, at lower concentrations than required for carbenicillin and ticarcillin. Piperacillin sodium is administered by intramuscular and intravenous injection and is widely distributed throughout body fluids and tissues. Like other newer penicillins, piperacillin is excreted by both renal and biliary mechanisms. The primary route of elimination is by glomerular filtration, which results in high urinary concentrations of the unchanged compound. Piperacillin has been approved for patients with serious infection caused by susceptible strains of specific organisms in intra-abdominal, urinary tract, gynecologic, lower respiratory tract, skin and skin structure, bone and joint, and gonococcal infections and septicemia. As with other penicillins, piperacillin has a low frequency of toxicity. The usual dose of piperacillin in adults with serious infections with normal renal function is 3-4 g every 4-6 hr as a 20-30 min infusion, with a maximum dose of 24 g per day. It is stable in most large volume parenteral solutions. Less serious infectins (requiring smaller dosages) may be treated by intramuscular injection; however, no more than 2 g should be given at any one injection site. Overall, piperacillin has a greater degree of activity than other penicillins. Evidence from prospective studies indicates that piperacillin is a highly effective agent for the treatment of patients with infections caused by susceptible organisms.
 ...
PMID:Piperacillin sodium: antibacterial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and adverse reactions. 622 Feb 62

Twenty-five patients undergoing elective intraabdominal surgery received either 1 or 2 g of ampicillin together with 1 g of sulbactam intravenously before surgery. The peritoneal levels of the agent were measured. Both compounds penetrated peritoneal fluid readily; the mean percentage of penetration by ampicillin was 92%; that of sulbactam was 96%. After 1 g of each agent, the peritoneal levels of sulbactam were 47% greater than those of ampicillin. Our results suggest that 2 g of ampicillin plus 1 g of sulbactam should provide peritoneal levels that would inhibit most susceptible beta-lactamase-producing pathogens encountered in intraabdominal sepsis.
 ...
PMID:Penetration of sulbactam and ampicillin into peritoneal fluid. 631 89

208 H. influenzae (HI) strains originating from the whole of Switzerland have been analysed for capsular serotype, biotype, and susceptibility to the following antibiotics: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole, and ceftriaxone. Serotype b is the commonest of the encapsulated strains. Biotypes II and III (respiratory tract) and I (invasive diseases) are the biotypes most encountered. Ceftriaxone is the most active among the antibiotics tested: 0.03 microgram inhibits 100% of strains, whether penicillinase producers (PP) or not. To evaluate the rate of resistant HI in Switzerland, 1883 isolates, 206 of which originated from invasive diseases (meningitis, epiglottitis, septicemia) have been considered. The PP rate is about 4%, irrespective of the group considered. Among the isolates from the invasive diseases, 3 were resistant to chloramphenicol, and 1 to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. The value of 4% for the PP strains is not very high; however, because of its powerful antibacterial activity and its high penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid, it seems reasonable to consider the use of a third generation cephalosporin, such as ceftriaxone, for the early treatment of meningitis in infants. If such a drug is indicated as a first-choice antibiotic for this meningitis it should be confined to this use only, to avoid the emergence of resistant strains.
 ...
PMID:[Haemophilus influenzae isolated in Switzerland: antibiotic sensitivity and biotyping]. 633 96

During 1980 and 1981, an epidemiological survey (biotyping, serotyping, beta-lactamase production) of Haemophilus strains isolated in our hospital was performed. One hundred sixty-one Haemophilus were isolated among 146 patients: 17 H. parainfluenzae and 144 H. influenzae. Most of the infections occurred in patients, under 3 years old (77%), during cold weather (63%), and in males (55%). Biotypes I, II and III were the most common isolates (88%). Capsulated strains were frequent (53%). A beta-lactamase occurred in 9, 5% of cases. Distribution of serotypes and biotypes will be discussed in relation to clinical findings (meningitis: 21, septicemia from other origins: 9, arthritis: 2, and other non-systemic infections).
 ...
PMID:[Haemophilus infections in pediatrics. Characterization of strains by biotype, serotype and the production of beta-lastamase]. 634 40

Septicemia is relatively common in infants and children, and empiric antimicrobial therapy is frequently necessary. In immunocompetent children the most likely causative agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Salmonella species. Effective empiric therapy is often the combination of ampicillin and chloramphenicol. In immunocompromised children the etiologic possibilities in septicemia include a large number of opportunistic pathogens, the most common of which are Escherichia coli and other enteric bacilli, Pseudomonas species and other hospital-related bacilli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Empiric therapy often consists of an aminoglycoside, a penicillinase-resistant penicillin or cephalosporin, and carbenicillin or ticarcillin. The third-generation cephalosporins offer considerable promise in the empiric treatment of septicemia in children.
 ...
PMID:Selection of antimicrobial agents for initial treatment of suspected septicemia in infants and children. 634 97

10 patients with serious infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis (8 cases of endocarditis in non-prosthetic valves, 1 was complicated by osteomyelitis, 1 case of osteomyelitis, and 1 case of septicemia) are described. Clinical and microbiologic features were evaluated including antibiotic sensitivity and synergy studies, phage typing and biotyping. Endocarditis tended to affect the elderly population and the clinical manifestations were quite similar to those caused by Streptococcus viridans. Both patients with osteomyelitis had involvement of the cervical spine with excellent response to antibiotic therapy. The only patient with septicemia acquired via hyperalimentation had delayed clearance of the bacteremia but ultimately responded to intravenous antibiotics. Rifampicin was the most effective of all antibiotics tested. All isolates were sensitive to penicillinase-resistant penicillins and cephalosporins and over half were sensitive to penicillin. Full synergistic activity was demonstrated with cephalothin and nafcillin in combination with rifampicin, and rifampicin-vancomycin was partially synergistic against the majority of the strains. Five of 8 available isolates were non-phage typeable and no definite pattern was established for various types of infections. Four of the 8 isolates were classified as biotype SIIa, 2 biotype SIIc and 2 biotype SVh.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and microbiologic aspects of serious infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. 636 77

Anaerobic bacteria outnumber aerobes at most oropharyngeal sites, with counts up to 10(11)/ml of fluid, and have been implicated in infections of all structures of the head and neck. They are common in chronic otitis media, chronic sinusitis, and various soft-tissue infections. These infections are initiated primarily by mucosal breaks. Bacterial factors such as adhesiveness and antileukocytic activity also may play a role. Among the complications of these infections are brain abscess, aspiration pneumonia, and anaerobic sepsis. Treatment includes surgical drainage and use of antimicrobial agents active against the mixed flora commonly found. Penicillin is currently the drug of choice, but this may change with the emergence of beta-lactamase-producing strains of anaerobes such as Bacteroides melaninogenicus.
 ...
PMID:Anaerobes in infections of the head and neck and ear, nose, and throat. 637 19


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>