Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of sepsis on lipid metabolism may be summarized as follows: The increased plasma catecholamine concentration stimulates adipose tissue FFA release. The increased FFA mobilization and plasma concentration results in an enhanced FFA uptake by the liver which promotes TGFA synthesis and output. Thus, triglyceride appearance rate also can be increased during hypermetabolic sepsis. In severe sepsis, the regulatory signals to increase FFA release from adipose tissue may be counterbalanced by blood flow limitations that inhibit FFA release, possibly due to the inadequate availability of the plasma carrier, albumin. Under such conditions, the arterial FFA concentration may be unchanged or decreased along with similar changes in the rate of peripheral FFA utilization. Triglyceride metabolism can also be altered during septic conditions in which plasma levels of cytokines are very high. Cytokines, notably TNF and IL-1, suppress synthesis of lipoprotein lipase which decreases the rate of TGFA clearance. Thus, hypertriglyceridemia can develop in the absence of elevated plasma FFA levels. The plasma concentration of cytokines necessary to inhibit LPL and how often this form of hypertriglyceridemia occurs in human sepsis are unknown at present. The sequence of events describing the influence of sepsis on carbohydrate metabolism is postulated to be the following: The presence of bacteria, or their products (eg, endotoxin) either directly or indirectly (via stimulating mononuclear phagocytes to release cytokines) activate the immune tissues. Glucose utilization by these tissues, which are predominantly glycolytic, is thereby stimulated resulting in increased lactate production. At the same time, glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and lactate release are also elevated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Alterations in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in sepsis. 306 39

Two formulations of pneumococcal vaccines are currently available to prevent invasive disease in adults and children. However, these vaccines will not protect against the majority of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes. The use of highly conserved cell-wall-associated proteins in vaccines may circumvent this problem. A proteomics approach was used to identify 270 S. pneumoniae cell-wall-associated proteins, which were then screened in a process that included in-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo validation criteria. Five potential candidates for inclusion in a vaccine were selected, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified for use in immunisation experiments. These proteins were detected in at least 40 different serotypes of S. pneumoniae, and were expressed in S. pneumoniae isolates causing infection. Two of the five candidate proteins, the putative lipoate protein ligase (Lpl) and the ClpP protease, resulted in a reduced CFU titre and a trend towards reduced mortality in an animal sepsis model for investigating new S. pneumoniae protein vaccines.
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PMID:Streptococcus pneumoniae: proteomics of surface proteins for vaccine development. 1803 62

Pneumococcal polysaccharide-based vaccines are effective in preventing pneumococcus infection; however, some drawbacks preclude their widespread use in developing and undeveloped countries. Here, we evaluated the protective effects of ATP-dependent caseinolytic protease (ClpP), pneumolysin mutant (DeltaA146 Ply), putative lipoate-protein ligase (Lpl), or combinations thereof against pneumococcal infections in mice. Vaccinated mice were intraperitoneally and/or intranasally challenged with different pneumococcal strains. In intraperitoneal challenge models with pneumococcal strain D39 (serotype 2), the most striking protection was obtained with the combination of the three antigens. Similarly, with the intranasal challenge models, (i) additive clearance of bacteria in lungs was observed for the combination of the three antigens and (ii) a combination vaccine conferred complete protection against intranasal infections of three of the four most common pneumococcal strains (serotypes 14, 19F, and 23F) and 80% protection for pneumococcal strain 6B. Even so, immunity to this combination could confer protection against pneumococcal infection with a mixture of four serotypes. Our results showed that the combination vaccine was as effective as the currently used vaccines (PCV7 and PPV23). These results indicate that system immunization with the combination of pneumococcal antigens could provide an additive and broad protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae in pneumonia and sepsis infection models.
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PMID:Immunization with a combination of three pneumococcal proteins confers additive and broad protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections in Mice. 2003 38