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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ceftazidime (CAZ) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 27 newborns. Four confirmed cases of bacterial infections were cured by the CAZ therapy (efficacy rate 100%). The CAZ was assessed as effective in sepsis (2) and urinary tract infections (2). Main pathogens which responded to CAZ were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter anitratum. As adverse effects, elevations of GOT and GPT (1 case) were found to be associated with the CAZ therapy. Half-lives of the serum levels in mature infants were 1.93-3.52 hours, and those in low birth weight infants were 2.92-4.17 hours. Penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid in 1 case of viral meningitis was satisfactory. The data suggest that CAZ is a safe and effective injectable antibiotic when used in newborn with infection caused by CAZ-susceptible bacteria.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftazidime in the treatment of neonatal infections]. 354 Mar 41

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a newly semisynthesized cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics and the following results were obtained. Antibacterial activities of CZON against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and H. influenzae were compared with those of cefmenoxime (CMX), latamoxef (LMOX), cefoperazone (CPZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefotiam (CTM) and cefazolin (CEZ). CZON was nearly as active as CEZ against S. aureus and S. epidermidis and superior to other antibiotics against other Gram-positive cocci. Against Gram-negative rods, CZON was as active as CMX and superior to other 5 antibiotics compared. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of CZON at doses of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg for 5 minutes in 1, 5 and 4 cases, respectively, were determined. Mean serum concentrations of CZON at these dose levels were 11.0, 43.8 and 111.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 2.4, 10.3 and 30.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 0.17, 0.72 and 1.28 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, with serum half-lives of 1.79, 0.88 and 1.19 hours, respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rates within 6 hours after administration were 47.9, 56.3 and 40.3%, respectively. Thirty-four pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (tonsillitis 2, acute bronchitis 1, pneumonia 14, pyothorax 1, sepsis 1, suppurative lymphadenitis 1, UTI 13 and enteritis 1) were treated with CZON at a daily dose of 40-94 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d.. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 94.1%. No adverse reactions were observed except 2 cases with mild diarrhea. Abnormal laboratory findings were also mild; slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 2, eosinophilia in 1 and thrombocytosis in 1. These results clearly indicate the usefulness of CZON in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam in the field of pediatrics]. 359 89

A clinicopathological study was undertaken in 15 cases of massive hepatic necrosis after shock. The GOT and GPT level exceeded 1000 units in 10 cases. The 15 cases consisted of 3 diagnosed as fulminant hepatitis clinically and 12 diagnosed as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or multiple systemic organ failure (MOF) from the unremarkableness of liver dysfunction. It was noteworthy that sepsis and surgery were closely associated with these lesions. The weight of the liver at autopsy ranged from 800 to 2,700 g. Liver necrosis was macroscopically characterized by clear demarcation of the necrotic areas sharply separated from the surrounding liver parenchyma, showing the appearance of so-called "map-like necrosis". Microscopically, the lesions in these subjects showed mainly the pattern of centrilobular necrosis. As observed in the burn shock case (case 12), the shock which provoked in different phases of time seemed to have repeated its attack. These liver necroses were considered to result from severe systemic circulatory disturbance or intrahepatic circulatory disturbance. The possibility is indicated that the generalized or univisceral Shwartzman reaction, and repeated and combined severe shock participated in the pathogenesis. Fibrin thrombi aggrevate tissue perfusion and accelerate anoxia. Heparin therapy seemed effective in these cases if administered at an appropriate time.
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PMID:Fatal hepatic necrosis after shock. 371 91

Intravenous drip infusion of a new aminoglycoside agent, astromicin (ASTM), was used against various infections in the field of internal medicine, and its clinical efficacy and safety were studied. Clinical effects were evaluated in 105 among 111 patients administered with ASTM. Almost all the patients were given 200 mg of ASTM twice a day by intravenous drip infusion for 60 minutes. Among 105 cases, clinical effects of ASTM were excellent in 15, good in 56, fair in 10 and poor in 24. The number of cases who were judged as excellent or good was 71, and the efficacy rate was 67.6%. Efficacy rates classified by diseases were as follows; 80% (4/5 cases) in sepsis, 55.6% (5/9 cases) in urinary tract infections, and 68.1 (62/91 cases) in respiratory tract infections (RTI). In 91 cases with RTI, clinical effects of ASTM were excellent in 14, good in 48, fair in 9 and poor in 20. The efficacy rates classified by diseases of RTI were 77.3% (34/44 cases) in pulmonary parenchyma infection and 59.6% (28/47 cases) in chronic RTI and others. As subjective and objective side effects, tinnitus and malaise were observed in 5 (4.5%) of 110 patients evaluated for side effects. But, either symptom was mild and disappeared after the end or withdrawal of administration. Slight elevations of S-GPT, BUN and others were observed in 7 cases (6.4%) as abnormal laboratory test values. Safety and efficacy of intravenous drip infusion of ASTM were confirmed.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of astromicin by intravenous drip infusion. Report I. Bacterial infections in the field of internal medicine]. 382 May 71

In a retrospective study it was investigated in which a course the septicemia appears during the first year of life and which laborchemical and immunological findings are typical for the specific manifestation and can be used for the diagnosis. 27 sucklings with septicemia were admitted at our hospital during 1976-1982. As the clinical course we found: the acute septicemia with pronounced shocksymptoms (Septic-Toxic-Course, STC), the septicemia with a tardy course and hematogenous dispersion of bacteria in one organsystem, namely in the brain (Meningoencephalitis), in the bone (Osteomyelitis) and in the soft tissue (Phlegmon), the septicemia with a tardy course and forms a septicopyemia with secundary dispersion of bacteria in multiple organsystems. Only STC and septicopyemia show the symptoms which are lead back with the dispersion of bacteria. By the septicemia with a tardy course and hematogenous dispersion of bacteria in one organsystem the clinical symptoms are determined only in the infected organ. As the only course of septicemia the STZ shows laborchemically in the blood a damage to the livercells with a constant elevated levels of plasmaencyms GOT, GPT and LDH; this findings can be used for a diagnostic criterion. By septicopyemia, meningitis and osteomyelitis the findings of sepsis exist in the blood but are rare by phlegmon. By septicemia with a tardy course (2, 3) a humoral and/or cellular immundeficiency exist. This is a point of application for therapy to give biological antibody with a large spectrum.
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PMID:[The septic state in infancy]. 408 25

Clinical studies of aztreonam (AZT) were performed in 10 pediatric cases. One transient pyuria case with 10(3)/ml E. faecalis detected in urine was excluded from clinical evaluation, because the presence of infection was unclear. Results were as follows: AZT was effective on 1 patient with meningitis (causative organism: H. influenzae), who was treated with 41.7 mg/kg 4 times a day. Results of administration of 58.1-78.9 mg/kg 3 or 4 times a day by intravenous injection for 1 E. coli sepsis-and-pyelonephritis complication case and 7 pyelonephritis cases (causative organisms: E. coli in 1, E. coli + E. faecalis in 1, E. faecalis in 1, P. aeruginosa in 3 and unknown in 1) were excellent in 4, good in 2 and poor in 2 cases. The pathogens of the 2 poor cases were E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Six of the pyelonephritis cases had vesicoureteral refluxes as an underlying condition. Clinical and microbiological effects of AZT were considered to be closely correlated with its MIC values. No side effect was recognized. Though abnormal laboratory findings were obtained in 4 cases, including elevations of GOT X GPT in 2 cases, GPT elevation in 1 case and plateletcount increase in 1 case. All of these abnormalities were minor and transient. The serum concentrations of AZT for a two-month-old patient with pyelonephritis were 65, 50, 35, 22.8 and 12.4 micrograms/ml at 1/2, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively and T1/2 was 2.42 hours after injecting AZT 20 mg/kg by intravenous injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam in pediatrics]. 409 63

Sulbactam, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, in combination with cefoperazone was administered to 18 pediatric patients, 7 months to 10 years 6 months of age, at a daily dose of 56-320 mg/kg divided into 4 times by intravenous bolus infusion for 3 to 11 days, and the sum of 2.6-74.0 g of the drug was given. A total of 18 cases comprised 8 with RTI, 1 with gastric tract infection, 4 with UTI and 5 with sepsis (suspected). Clinical efficacy was excellent in 10 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in 4 cases, and efficacy rate was 72.2%. Out of 8 strains (1 of S. aureus, 1 of P. aeruginosa, 1 of Salmonella subgenus I, 2 of E. coli, 2 of P. mirabilis and 1 of K. pneumoniae), possible causative organisms isolated before the treatment, 6 strains were disappeared, 1 strain of K. pneumoniae persisted, and 1 strain of P. aeruginosa was replaced by S. aureus. Diarrhea was noted in 1 case as subjective side effect, and as abnormal laboratory findings, GOT and GPT elevations in 1 case, GPT elevation in 1 case and eosinophil elevation in 1 case were observed.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on sulbactam/cefoperazone in the pediatric field]. 609 61

Ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX), a new parenteral cephalosporin, was used for pediatric infections and the following results were obtained. CTRX was administered twice daily by intravenous injection with about 20 mg/kg in 6 cases consisting of 2 cases with purulent lymphadenitis of the neck, 2 with urinary tract infection, 1 with sepsis and pyelonephritis and 1 with sepsis and purulent lymphadenitis of the neck. The result was excellent in 4 and good in 2. One case with H. influenzae meningitis, receiving 50 mg/kg CTRX by intravenous injection twice daily, showed an excellent response without having any sequela. Among those mentioned above, diarrhea in 2 cases and elevated GOT and GPT in 2 were observed, all of which were transitory and not serious. The blood level of CTRX at 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after intravenous injection with 20 mg/kg to a girl of 8 years and 8 months of age with urinary tract infection was 114, 86, 70, 42, 29 and 21.8 micrograms/ml, respectively. The half-life time was 3.5 hours while the urinary recovery rate up to 6 hours was 58.0%. The concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of 1 case with H. influenzae meningitis ranged from 2.1 to 8.2 micrograms/ml at 3 hours after administration and from 1.15 to 2.65 micrograms/ml after about 12 hours (prior to the next administration). The above-mentioned results suggest that CTRX is a new antibiotic useful for pediatric infections caused with susceptible bacteria and is effective by intravenous injection with 10 mg/kg twice daily for moderate infections and with 20 mg/kg twice daily for severe ones, except for meningitis. As for purulent meningitis, the administration dosage and frequency will have to be further examined based on the intravenous injection with 50 mg/kg twice daily.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation on ceftriaxone in the field of pediatrics]. 609 7

Cefotiam, one of the new cephem antibiotics, was used in 14 cases with pediatric infections: (10 cases with respiratory tract infections, 2 with urinary tract infections, each 1 with purulent meningitis + sepsis and acute appendicitis). The patients were aged between 15 days and 9 years old. The drug was, a rule, given at a daily dose of 50 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg q.i.d. by bolus intravenous injection. The duration of treatment was between 3 and 38 days. The treatment produced the following clinical responses: Out of the 10 cases, good response in 7 with respiratory tract infections, fair in 1 and poor in the remaining 2. The responses in urinary tract infections were excellent in 1 and good in the other case. An apparently clear response was obtained in 1 case with purulent meningitis + sepsis due to K. pneumoniae. Also, an excellent response was seen in 1 case with acute appendicitis. The response rate including fair response was 85.7%. The suspected pathogens isolated from 5 cases (S. aureus: 1. strain, H. influenzae: 1, K. pneumoniae 2, E. coli: 1) were eliminated after CTM administration. Good clinical responses were also obtained in these cases. No side effect was observed. Mild elevation of GOT and GPT was noted during the treatment in 1 case. It is unclear, however, if CTM was associated with this side effect or not. P. aeruginosa, Serratia appeared after superinfection in 1 case.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefotiam in pediatric infections (author's transl)]. 627 Apr 12

Cefotiam (CTM) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. Twenty-six patients were treated with 40 to 200 mg/kg per day of CTM by intravenous administrations. The diagnosis of the patients were acute pharyngitis (2), acute bronchitis (1), pneumonia (4), empyema (2), urinary tract infection (2), typhoid fever (1), acute enterocolitis (2), partially-treated purulent meningitis (1), and suspected septicemia in neuroblastoma (1); and the remaining ten patients were considered to have nonbacterial infections. The pathogens recovered were Streptococcus pyogenes (1), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Staphylococcus aureus (4), Haemophilus influenzae (4), Escherichia coli (1), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1), Salmonella typhi (1), and Campylobacter jejuni (1). All but two patients of bacterial infections were cured after the CTM therapy, and the rate of efficacy was 87.5%. Diarrhea (3), urticaria (1), transient elevation of GOT and GPT (1), and transient eosinophilia (3) were found to be associated with the CTM therapy. However, no severe adverse reactions were encountered. Half life of the serum CTM level was 0.93 +/- 0.13 hours, and excretion into the urine was rapid. CSF concentration obtained 1 hour after an intravenous injection of 21 mg/kg of CTM in a case with inflamed meninges was 1.5 mcg/ml, and the CSF/serum ratio was 9.0%. From these data, CTM appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefotiam therapy in children (author's transl)]. 627 Apr 13


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