Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty patients with infections associated with hematological disorders were treated with ceftazidime (CAZ). Among them 44 cases were evaluable, including 21 with acute leukemia, 17 with malignant lymphoma, and 6 with other hematological disorders. Excellent responses were observed in 15 patients (34.1%) and good responses in 15 (34.1%), with an overall efficacy rate of 68.2%. The efficacy rate among sepsis and suspected sepsis cases was 67.6%. This treatment was also effective in 7 of 10 cases in which neutrophil counts were less than 500/mm3 through the course of administration. Laboratory abnormalities included mild eosinophilia in 1 case, slight elevation of GOT in 1 case and slight elevation of GPT in 1 case. These results suggest that CAZ is an effective and safe antibiotics for the treatment of infections in patients with hematological disorders.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftazidime monotherapy for infections complicated with hematological disorders]. 151 38

We conducted clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP), a newly developed parenteral carbapenem antibiotic, for its clinical application in the field of pediatrics. 1. A clinical study was performed on 13 children with infections, including 6 with acute bronchopneumonia, 1 each with acute pharyngitis, acute bronchitis, sepsis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, urinary tract infection, subcutaneous abscess and furuncle. PAPM/BP was administered by intravenous drip infusion. Doses varied from 12 to 27 mg/kg body weight were given t.i.d. or q.i.d. Lengths of treatment ranged from 4 to 25 days. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 3 and good in 9 cases, with an efficacy rate of 92%. 2. No adverse reactions were observed. In laboratory tests, elevations of GOT, GPT and urobilinogen were observed in 3 cases. It was concluded that PAPM/BP was a promising drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics]. 151 27

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that different hepatocellular functions are regulated individually during sepsis. This was done by simultaneously measuring bile production, release of liver transaminases, and synthesis of secreted proteins in perfused livers from control and septic rats. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP); control rats were sham-operated. After 16 hours, livers were perfused in situ, and bile flow, synthesis rates of albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (a major acute-phase protein in rats), and release of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) into perfusate were determined. Within the same livers, sepsis resulted in a 54% increase in the synthesis of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and approximately 30% inhibition of albumin synthesis concomitant with 50% lower bile flow. The concentrations of GOT and GPT in the perfusate increased slightly during the experiments, both when control and septic livers were perfused. The maintained tissue levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the uptake of Evans blue dye by less than 1% of the hepatocytes, although a late test of viability, suggest that both control and septic livers remained viable during perfusion. The results are consistent with the concept that different hepatocellular functions are individually regulated during sepsis. Thus, impairment of certain hepatocellular functions does not necessarily imply generalized liver failure.
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PMID:Individual regulation of different hepatocellular functions during sepsis. 151 25

A clinical study on a new carbapenem antibiotic, meropenem (MEPM), was carried out in acute pediatric infections. MEPM was administered to 8 patients including 3 patients with acute pneumonia, 2 with cervical lymphadenitis, 1 with acute tonsillitis, and 1 with cellulitis and 1 with sepsis. The overall efficacy rate was 100%. As an adverse reaction, diarrhea was observed in 1 patient. In clinical laboratory tests 1 patient was found to have S-GPT elevation which normalized after discontinuation of MEPM. MEPM appears to be effective and safe drug for pediatric acute infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of meropenem in the pediatric field]. 152 73

In order to elucidate the frequency of hyperbilirubinemia associated with sepsis in the elderly, as well as in clinical and histological characteristics, a total of 117 autopsy cases with sepsis were analyzed retrospectively. Based on the clinico-pathological findings, 48 cases with primary hepato-biliary, cardiac, hematological and shock complications, were excluded because these disorders were thought to affect liver function tests. Four cases out of the remaining 69 cases, 5.8% of the total, showed hyperbilirubinemia above 2 mg/dl (average 4.1 mg/dl), which was thought to be associated with sepsis itself. In these 4 cases, disproportionately high levels of blood total bilirubin were characteristic compared to changes of GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP and gamma-GTP levels. Blood culture of these 4 cases revealed Gram-negative organisms in 3 cases and Gram-positive in 1 case. Histological findings of the liver included cholestasis, Kupffer cell hyperplasia and cell infiltration in the sinusoid and portal areas, however these findings were mild and nonspecific. It is important to recognize the presence of hyperbilirubinemia associated with sepsis in order to properly treat febrile elderly patients with hyperbilirubinemia.
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PMID:[Hyperbilirubinemia associated with sepsis in the elderly]. 159 86

1. The metabolism of glutamine and alanine in the lung was studied in rats made septic by a caecal ligation and puncture technique. 2. The blood glucose concentration was not significantly different in septic rats, but blood pyruvate, lactate, glutamine and alanine concentrations were markedly increased as compared with sham-operated rats. Conversely, blood ketone body and plasma cholesterol concentrations were significantly decreased in septic rats. Both plasma insulin and plasma glucagon concentrations were markedly elevated in response to sepsis. Sepsis resulted in a negative nitrogen balance. 3. Sepsis increased the rates of production of glutamine (52.5%, P less than 0.001), alanine (38.9%, P less than 0.001) and glutamate (48.6%, P less than 0.001) by lung slices incubated in vitro. 4. Sepsis increased lung blood flow by 27.6% (P less than 0.05). Blood flow and arteriovenous concentration difference measurement across the lung of septic rats showed an increase in the net exchange rates of glutamine (142.5%, P less than 0.001), alanine (129.4%, P less than 0.001), glutamate (100.9%, P less than 0.001) and ammonia (138.0%, P less than 0.001) as compared with sham-operated control rats. 5. Sepsis produced significant decreases in the lung concentrations of glutamine (36.8%), glutamate (20.8%), 2-oxoglutarate (64.8%) and AMP (18.3%). The lung concentrations of alanine (95.9%), ammonia (67.7%) and pyruvate (89.7%) were increased. 6. The maximal activities of glutamine synthetase (20.4%, P less than 0.05), phosphate-dependent glutaminase (18.9%, P less than 0.05) and alanine aminotransferase (25.5%, P less than 0.05) were increased, but there was no marked change in that of glutamate dehydrogenase, in the lungs of septic rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Glutamine and alanine metabolism in lungs of septic rats. 168 36

The effect of ischemia on hepatic protein synthesis during sepsis is not known, but is of clinical relevance, since hepatic blood flow decreases during the late phase of sepsis. In this study, synthesis of acute-phase proteins was measured in perfused livers of rats 16 hours after sham operation or cecal ligation and puncture. Livers from each group had 45 minutes of complete ischemia or control perfusion. Protein synthesis was measured during two hour perfusion after the ischemia or control period, by determining incorporation of 3H-leucine into total secreted trichloracetic acid precipitated proteins, immunoprecipitated complement component C3 and albumin and phosphotungstenate-precipitated alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Lactate, glutamine-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels in the perfusate were measured during preischemic and postischemic perfusion. Tissue glutathione levels were measured at the end of the perfusion. Synthesis of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was increased by 100 per cent and albumin synthesis decreased by 46 per cent in septic livers, consistent with an acute-phase response and apparent downregulation of albumin synthesis during early sepsis. Synthesis rates were reduced by 50 to 60 per cent after ischemia in perfused livers from sham operated rats and 70 to 80 per cent in livers from septic rats. Hepatic production of interleukin-1 was not different between the groups during perfusion. GOT and GPT levels increased significantly during ischemia of both nonseptic and septic livers and rapidly returned toward baseline during reperfusion. Lactate levels were higher in perfusate of septic than of nonseptic livers before ischemia and increased further during ischemia. The results suggest that ischemia inhibits production of secreted hepatic proteins similarly in nonseptic and septic livers, but perhaps to a slightly greater extent in septic livers.
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PMID:Effect of ischemia on protein synthesis in the septic liver. 170 61

Hepatic dysfunction is a frequent finding in sepsis and peritonitis. In the present study, hepatic function in experimental peritonitis in the rat was determined by measuring serum levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), together with antipyrine (AP) clearance as a determinant of microsomal function. Peritonitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 3 x 10(8) colony-forming units of E. coli together with either 1.0 ml bile or saline. E. coli + bile peritonitis rats had significantly elevated levels of bilirubin, ALP, GOT and GPT as compared with both controls and rats with peritonitis induced by E. coli alone. The derangements gradually increased with time over the 10-hour period studied. In contrast, no reduction of AP clearance was observed in the peritonitis models. On the contrary, AP clearance was enhanced at 10 hours after induction of peritonitis by E. coli alone. In conclusion, hepatic dysfunction as revealed by routine laboratory tests is seen early in experimental peritonitis in the rat, but this is not accompanied by a reduced AP clearance rate.
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PMID:Effect of bile on liver function tests in experimental E. coli peritonitis in the rat. 176 53

Bacteriological and clinical studies on cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221), a new cephem developed by Hoechst AG and Roussel Uclaf, were carried out and the results are summarized below: 1. Against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, antibacterial activities of CDZM were similar to those of cefotaxime (CTX), cefazolin, cefotiam and piperacillin. Against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia sp., antibacterial activities of CDZM were similar to that of CTX, and superior to those of other tested antibiotics. Especially against Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis, it showed an excellent antibacterial activity. 2. Although the clinical efficacy was poor in 1 patient with sepsis caused by Salmonella marcescens and in another with cervical lymphadenitis, in 5 patients with upper respiratory tract infection, 4 patients with bronchitis, 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, 18 patients with pneumonia, 5 patients with urinary tract infection and 1 patient with enteritis, the clinical efficacy was excellent or good and the efficacy rate was 95.1% (39/41) including excellent efficacies in 25 cases. 3. Bacteriologically, all identified causative bacteria were eradicated except for 1 case of Salmonella sp., thus the eradication rate was 97.4% (38/39). Especially S. pneumoniae in 10 cases, H. influenzae in 12 cases and B. catarrhalis in 3 cases were eradicated totally. 4. Adverse reactions were studied in 46 cases, and digestive symptoms were observed in 9 cases (diarrhea 5 cases, loose stools 4 cases). Eruption and vascular pain were observed in 1 case each. As digestive symptoms in 9 cases were mild, the treatment were not suspended. In laboratory test values, elevation of GOT, elevation of GPT, elevation of bilirubin, and eosinophilia were observed in 1 case each. Influences on blood coagulation parameters were studied. No change was observed between the beginning and the end of the treatment. From above results, we have concluded that CDZM is a useful and safe antibiotic in pediatrics, administered at a daily dose of 20 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 doses and administered intravenously.
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PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies of cefodizime in pediatrics]. 188 Sep 19

The effectiveness of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) on severe infections associated with hematological diseases was evaluated in a nation-wide multicenter clinical study. SBT/CPZ (4-6 g/day), a 1:1 combination of SBT and CPZ, was given intravenously to 437 patients with hematological disorders. The underlying diseases included acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome and others. Thus, 94.3% of the patients had hematological malignancies. The complicating infections included sepsis in 41 cases; sepsis suspected in 205; pneumonia in 47; urinary tract infection in 15; fever of unknown origin in 59; and others in 70. Clinical efficacies of SBT/CPZ were as follows; markedly effective, 83 cases; effective, 170; fairly effective, 59; and ineffective, 110. The efficacy rate (markedly effective plus effective) was 60.0% as a whole. The efficacy rate of SBT/CPZ in sepsis and suspected cases, which accounted for 56.3% of the infections, was 59%. Mild side effects such as skin rash were observed in 15 patients (3.1%). As for abnormal laboratory test results, transient increases in GOT, GPT, A1-P, LDH, etc. were observed in 42 patients (8.6%). Therefore, SBT/CPZ is considered to be a useful drug in empiric therapy for severe infections associated with hematological diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone for severe infections associated with hematological disorders]. 196 Aug 59


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