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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective clinical and bacteriological review of the pattern of bacterial infections and chemotherapy among 1931 patients admitted to University College Hospital, Ibadan, between July and September, 1976, showed that 394 patients (20%) had bacterial infections, but 940 patients (49%) received antimicrobial chemotherapy. Thus 58% of the patients were treated either prophylactically or without bacteriological confirmation of infection. Infections of the respiratory tract were commonest (28%), followed closely by wound infections (26%). Septicaemia accounted for 20% of all infections and this was particularly common among children. There was a preponderance of infections due to gram-negative bacteria (69%), with Klebsiella spp. being the most frequently encountered. Among the gram-positive organisms, Staphylococcus aureus accounted for the majority of the infections, particularly infections of wounds, while Salmonellae were responsible for the majority of septicaemias, except among young children, where Klebsiella spp. were predominant. Approximately 90% of urinary tract infections were caused by Klebsiella, Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. Almost all the patients with meningitis were children (93%) and the commonest infecting organisms were Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The most commonly used antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin and ampicillin) did not bear a close relationship to the sensitivity patterns of bacteria causing infections in the hospital. Comparison of the bacterial sensitivity patterns for 1963, 1967, 1974 and 1976 showed that the current usage of antibiotics had led over the years to increasing proportions of resistant organisms.
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PMID:Bacterial infections, sensitivity patterns, and chemotherapy among hospital patients in the tropics. 72 40

The in vitro sensitivity to oxolinic acid shown by pathogenic gram-negative bacterial isolates from young calves with diarrhea, pneumonia, and septicemia was investigated by the bute dilution method. Minimal bactericidal concentrations of the drug for 65.5% of the isolates were less than or equal to 1.56 mug/ml and for 90%, less than or equal to 6.25 mug/ml. Cross resistance between oxolinic acid and chloramphenicol, streptomycin, neomycin, colistin, ampicillin, gentamicin, and oxytetracycline was not observed. Oxolinic acid was orally administered to a group of calves at dose levels of 12.5 to 57.0 mg/kg, and sodium oxolinate was intramuscularly injected in another group of calves at dose levels of 12.5 and 20 mg/kg. In the 1st group, oxolinic acid was detected in blood serum 15 minutes later; peak serum concentrations averaged 25 mug/ml at 10 hours after treatment with 50 mg of the drug/kg and 3 mug/ml at 7 hours, with 12.5 mg of the drug/kg. In the 2nd group, the dose level of 20 mg of sodium oxolinate/kg resulted in mean peak serum concentration of 4 mug/ml, observed 1 hour after the drug was injected. The half-life of the drugs in serum was approximately 3.5 hours after they were orally or intramuscularly given. These investigations indicate that oxolinic acid could be used in the treatment of the common calf diseases.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacology of oxolinic acid in young dairy calves. 77 48

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infections in two bacteriologically confirmed cases are described. A child was found to have mesenteric adenitis and an adult had septicemia. Invariably simulating acute appendicitis, mesenteric adenitis most often occurs in male children and adolescents. Septicemia with this organism usually affects elderly, debilitated patients, who frequently have chronic hepatic disease. The infrequent diagnosis of infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the United States is probably due to failure to consider it a human pathogen. Currently classified with the Enterobacteriaceae, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in a non-lactose-fermenting, Gram-negative coccobacillus. It is sensitive to a wide range of antibiotics, including tetracycline and streptomycin, but usually is resistant to ampicillin. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis has a worldwide distribution in wild and domestic mammals and birds. Infections in man may result from direct contact with infected animals or their excreta.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory aspects of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infections, with a report of two cases. 77 44

An increased morbidity by Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci) during the perinatal period was to be found in some countries since 1961. Six cases of group B streptococcal meningitis were confirmed by the Central Streptococcus Laboratory of the GDR from July to December 1975. Therefore it is necessary to look for group B streptococcal infection in certain cases of diseases of the newborn. In a short review of literature the clinical signs (acute onset with respiratory distress, sepsis or late onset with meningitis), prevalence, source of infection and therapy (ampicillin or a combination of penicillin G and gentamicin) were summarized. The diagnosis is confirmed by isolation of group B streptococci.
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PMID:[Infections in newborn infants caused to B-streptococci]. 79 Aug 43

A case of maternal Listeria monocytogenes septicemia at 19 week's gestation is presented. Successful treatment of the mother with ampicillin resulted in remission of maternal symptoms and subsequent term delivery of an unaffected infant, indicating fetal disease is not an inevitable consequence of maternal Listeria sepsis.
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PMID:Maternal Listeria monocytogenes septicemia with sparing of the fetus. 82 Oct 25

Hospitalized patients who received clindamycin or ampicillin were evaluated for gastrointestinal side effects for a period of up to six weeks after therapy was discontinued. Of 104 patients receiving clindamycin therapy, 31 (29.8%) developed diarrhea, and two (1.9%) developed pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). Of 138 patients receiving ampicillin, 24 (17.3%) developed diarrhea, and one (0.7%) developed PMC. Diarrhea persisting for three days or more was noted in 13 (12.5%) of the patients receiving clindamycin and in seven (5.1%) of those receiving ampicillin. The tendency to develop diarrhea was positively correlated with serious illness, abdominal or pelvic sepsis, and total dosage of clindamycin. Examination of stools from a patient with PMC that was associated with clindamycin therapy showed a decrease in the number of anaerobic bacteria from the numbers found in stool cultures of normal controls. Those patients who did not develop diarrhea also had fewer anaerobic bacteria and coliform organisms. Lymphocytes from the patient with PMC were hyporeactive to phytohemagglutinin and hyperreactive to clindamycin.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal side effects of clindamycin and ampicillin therapy. 85 84

Although disease caused by Arizona hinshawii is known to resemble the spectrum of clinical syndromes seen with Salmonella infections, little is known of their sensitivity to antimicrobials. We present three cases that are illustrative of Arizona sepsis, localized infection, or both; review the literature; and report sensitivities to 12 antimicrobials for 32 human and animal isolates of Arizona hinshawii from various geographic areas. With the exception of erythromycin and streptomycin, most strains were sensitive to many of the commonly used antibiotics. As with Salmonella infections, ampicillin or chloramphenicol appear to be the initial antimicrobial agents of choice for severe infections with A. hinshawii. Definitive antimicrobial therapy must be individualized on the basis of sensitivity testing and with regard to host factors.
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PMID:Arizona hinshawii infections. New cases, antimicrobial sensitivities, and literature review. 98 10

Septicaemia caused by Y. pseudotuberculosis in a female patient, aged 61, is reported. The patient suffered from amyloidosis with extensive infiltration of liver, spleen, and kidneys. While under treatment with corticosteroids and azathioprin, Y. pseudotuberculasis, serotype IA, was isolated from each of 6 blood cultures. The infection responded favourably to treatment with ampicillin. The development of Y. pseudotuberculosis septicaemia owing to impairment of the defence mechanisms by the underlying disease and the treatment given is discussed.
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PMID:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis as the cause of septicaemia in a patient with amyloidosis. 99 63

Although Hemophilus influenzae is a common cause of meningitis, other members of the Hemophilus genus are rarely the infecting organism. Of 56 cases of meningitis due to Hemophilus species obseved at one hospital in the period 1970-74, 53 were due to H. influenzae and 3 to H. parainfluenzae. In the cases of H. parainfluenzae meningitis the clinical picture was complicated by associated sepsis, and therapy with ampicillin was not entirely satisfactory.
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PMID:Hemophilus parainfluenzae meningitis. 107 83

Ten infants, 8 days to 10 months old, with meningitis and/or septicemia were considered therapeutic failures after conventional antibiotic treatment (i.e. kanamycin, ampicillin and sulfonamides) and given sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim parenterally. Nine patients recovered, 8 of them rapidly, and one after prolonged treatment for 34 days when kanamycin was added to the combination. One infant improved but later died of complications not related to the treatment. High concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were achieved with a daily dose of 30-40 mg sulphamethoxazole and 6-8 mg trimethoprim per kg without signs of accumulation. No change in resistance of the bacteria isolated was seen. A hemolytic reaction, probably due to the propylene glycol in the solution, was seen in one case. Other possible side-effects in this age-group are discussed. The antibiotic combination used seems to be a good alternative in the therapy of bacterial meningitis of infants caused by gram-negative bacteria. However it should still not be given to icteric or very immature infants and probably not during the first week of life.
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PMID:Treatment of meningitis and septicemia in infancy with a sulphamethoxazole/trimethorpim combination. 109 Jan 7


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