Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inflammatory response leading to organ dysfunction and failure continues to be the major problem after injury in many clinical conditions such as sepsis, severe burns, acute pancreatitis, haemorrhagic shock, and trauma. In general terms, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an entirely normal response to injury. Systemic leukocyte activation, however, is a direct consequence of a SIRS and if excessive, can lead to distant organ damage and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). When SIRS leads to MODS and organ failure, the mortality becomes high and can be more than 50%. Acute lung injury that clinically manifests as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major component of MODS of various aetiologies. Inflammatory mediators play a key role in the pathogenesis of ARDS, which is the primary cause of death in these conditions. This review summarizes recent studies that demonstrate the critical role played by inflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, platelet activating factor (PAF), IL-10, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), C5a, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, substance P, chemokines, VEGF, IGF-I, KGF, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the pathogenesis of ARDS. It is reasonable to speculate that elucidation of the key mediators in ARDS coupled with the discovery of specific inhibitors would make it possible to develop clinically effective anti-inflammatory therapy.
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PMID:Role of inflammatory mediators in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome. 1474 96

We have previously shown that wound healing was improved in a diabetic mouse model of impaired wound healing following transfection with keratinocyte growth factor-1 (KGF-1) cDNA. We now extend these findings to the characterization of the effects of DNA plasmid vectors delivered to rats using electroporation (EP) in vivo in a sepsis-based model of impaired wound healing. To assess plasmid transfection and wound healing, gWIZ luciferase and PCDNA3.1/KGF-1 expression vectors were used, respectively. Cutaneous wounds were produced using an 8 mm-punch biopsy in Sprague-Dawley rats in which healing was impaired by cecal ligation-induced sepsis. We used National Institutes of Health image analysis software and histologic assessment to analyze wound closure and found that EP increased expression of gWIZ luciferase vector up to 53-fold compared with transfection without EP (p < 0.001). EP-assisted plasmid transfection was found to be localized to skin. Septic rats had a 4.7 times larger average wound area on day 9 compared with control (p < 0.001). Rats that underwent PCDNA3.1/KGF-1 transfection with EP had 60% smaller wounds on day 12 compared with vector without EP (p < 0.009). Quality of healing with KGF-1 vector plus EP scored 3.0 +/- 0.3 and was significantly better than that of 1.8 +/- 0.3 for treatment with vector alone (p < 0.05). We conclude that both the rate and quality of healing were improved with DNA plasmid expression vector for growth factor delivered with EP to septic rats.
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PMID:Delivery of plasmid DNA expression vector for keratinocyte growth factor-1 using electroporation to improve cutaneous wound healing in a septic rat model. 1701 75