Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phenytoin hypersensitivity syndrome (PHS) is a rare delayed hypersensitivity reaction which occurs following exposure to phenytoin sodium. Pulmonary involvement is uncommonly described. Herein is reported the first case of histopathologic bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) found on open-lung biopsy in a patient with severe PHS. New onset, clinically significant, cold agglutinin disease was also documented. Hemodynamic parameters mimicking sepsis were present in the absence of significant clinical infection. Rapid, dramatic improvement followed high-dose steroid therapy.
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PMID:Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia and cold agglutinin disease associated with phenytoin hypersensitivity syndrome. 940 78

We determined the diseases associated with extremely high levels of alkaline phosphatase in hospitalized patients. Computerized laboratory records of the Hospital of Saint Raphael identified all inpatients who had elevations of alkaline phosphatase above 1,000 U/l from April 1994 to September 1995. Thirty-seven inpatients with alkaline phosphatase levels above 1,000 U/l were identified. Six had bone involvement from malignancy or Paget's disease and were eliminated from further analysis, and 31 patients were included in the study. Levels of alkaline phosphatase ranged from 1,014 to 3,360 U/l. Ten patients had sepsis as the cause of the elevated alkaline phosphatase. These included gram-negative organisms, gram-positive organisms, and two patients with fungal sepsis. Seven of 10 patients with sepsis had an extremely high alkaline phosphatase level and a normal bilirubin, 3 of 10 patients with sepsis also had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Eight patients had biliary obstruction, 7 with malignant obstruction and 1 with a common bile duct stone. Nine patients had AIDS. The cause of the elevated alkaline phosphatase in these included three with sepsis, three with mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) infection, two with cytomegalovirus infection, and one with Dilantin toxicity. Three patients had diffuse liver metastases. Finally, four patients had benign intrahepatic disease, including one patient with liver hemangiomas, one patient with sarcoid hepatitis, one patient with lead toxicity, and one patient with drug-induced cholestasis. Extremely high elevations of alkaline phosphatase are most frequently seen in patients with sepsis, malignant obstruction, and AIDS. Patients with sepsis can have an extremely high alkaline phosphatase level and a normal bilirubin. A variety of other causes were also noted.
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PMID:Extremely high levels of alkaline phosphatase in hospitalized patients. 985 66

After initial support with an intraaortic balloon pump, and since the introduction of cyclosporine for immunosuppression, five patients have undergone cardiac transplantation in our institution with good results. Not one of these patients died of sepsis in the immediate postoperative period. We report the clinical course of one such patient to show the advantage of cyclosporine immunosuppression and the value of circulatory support devices in patients awaiting suitable cardiac donors. A 22-year-old mother of two children was transferred to our institution with progressive cardiac failure. An intraaortic balloon (IABP) was inserted after she had become hypotensive, obtunded and acidotic, with severe congestive heart failure. However, she failed to improve and we performed a cardiac transplantation. After major problems with infections-a leading cause of death among cardiac transplant recipients-and episodes of convulsions that were controlled with Dilantin, along with other complications, she slowly but progressively improved and was discharged 7 weeks post-transplantation. She had one episode of allograft rejection, which was reversed with a short course of Solu Medrol. She is alive and well 18 months post-transplantation. In conclusion, cardiac transplantation in patients with sepsis can be expected to have a favorable outcome if cyclosporine is used for immunosuppression. When IABP or any other circulatory assist device is used as a bridge to cardiac transplantation, it is still possible to control infection in such patients, especially when cyclosporine is used as the major immunosuppressive.
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PMID:Cardiac transplantation in a patient with septicemia after prolonged intraaortic balloon pump support: implications for staged transplantation. 1522 27

The life-threatening DRESS (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) syndrome is characterized by the presence of at least three of the following findings: fever, exanthema, eosinophilia, atypical circulating lymphocytes, lymphadenopathy, and hepatitis. This syndrome is difficult to diagnose, as many of its clinical features mimic those found with other serious systemic disorders. This idiosyncratic reaction occurs most commonly after exposure to drugs such as allopurinol, sulfonamides, and aromatic anticonvulsants such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine. We describe a 44-year-old woman who was brought to the emergency department with new-onset hemorrhagic stroke. She was admitted to the intensive care unit where she received supportive care that included clonidine and hydralazine for blood pressure control and phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis. On hospital day 21, the patient developed signs and symptoms of severe sepsis. Despite receipt of broad-spectrum antibiotics (vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam) and supportive care, the patient's clinical condition worsened with progressive jaundice, severe oliguria, and labile blood pressures. All cultures revealed no growth, and her chest radiograph remained clear. Several days after the onset of her fever, the patient developed several hematologic abnormalities including thrombocytopenia, with schistocytes present on a peripheral smear. She also had an elevated lactate dehydrogenase level. A provisional diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura was made; however, the patient then developed severe facial edema, nearly global erythroderma, and severe exfoliative dermatitis. A punch biopsy of the skin was compatible with the DRESS syndrome. Phenytoin, vancomycin, and piperacillin-tazobactam were discontinued, and the patient was started on systemic corticosteroids, with rapid resolution of her fever and eosinophilia and progressive improvement in her skin rash and multiorgan system dysfunction. Use of the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated a probable relationship (score of 5) between the patient's development of DRESS syndrome and treatment with phenytoin. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for the DRESS syndrome in patients being treated with aromatic anticonvulsants who develop a sepsis-like syndrome. Furthermore, considering the potential severe effects associated with phenytoin, the risks and benefits should be carefully evaluated before using this agent for seizure prophylaxis.
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PMID:The DRESS syndrome: the great clinical mimicker. 2136 42

A status epilepticus which persists for 24 hours or more after starting treatment with anaesthesia or has recurred inspite of general anaesthesia is known as Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus (SRSE). It includes cases where status epilepticus recurs on reduction or withdrawal of anaesthesia. SRSE, though infrequently seen, constitutes a medical emergency due to the associated high morbidity and mortality. No clear cut guidelines are available till date for the management of SRSE. Most of the published literature was case reports and expert opinion. We hereby reported three cases of super refractory seizures as they posed a therapeutic challenge. All three children were aged 6-7 years with prior normal developmental history and no medical illness. Viral meningoencephalitis, fever induced refractory status epilepticus, and auto-immune encephalitis was the probable aetiology in the cases studied. Midazolam, pentobarbital, and ketamine are the most commonly used anaesthetic agents. Phenytoin, phenobarbitone, valproate and levetiracetam are the most commonly used antiepileptic agents. All three cases had residual neurological deficits and morbidities like pneumonia and sepsis. SRSE is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity necessitating immediate treatment.
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PMID:Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Therapeutic Challenge in Paediatrics. 2896 35