Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: UMLS:C0036690 (
sepsis
)
59,461
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
A survey of the frequency of group B streptococcal infections in the Sharon area (Israel) was done in this laboratory. In the female genital tract streptococcus group B was found in 11.8%. This microorganism was recovered in lower frequencies (1.6%-7.4%) in other infection sites (CSF, wounds, throat, blood, and urine). The streptococci were identified as belonging to group B by biochemical properties such as resistance to bacitracin and capability to hydrolyze hippurate. Later the isolates were classified serologically. Serotypes Ib, Ic, and II were predominant in the vaginal smears (25%-28% each serotype). In the other infection sites serotype Ib was the most frequent (36%). The isolates were sensitive to penicillin, cloxacillin, cephalothin, and erythromycin - M.I.C. 0.1-0.2 microgram/ml. Most of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline (69%) and some to chloramphenicol (17.5%). Synergism has been obtained in vitro using a combination of gentamicin and penicillin simultaneously. Group B streptococci or Streptococcus agalactiae first became known because of association with bovine mastitis. This microorganism is now widely appreciated as a potent human pathogen. In several geographic regions it is the leading cause of meningitis during the first two months of life (Eickhoff et al. 1965; Franciosi et al. 1973; Baker et al. 1973; Patterson and Hafeez 1976; Anthony and Okada 1977; Baker 1977). Two clinical syndromes have been defined among infants. The first syndrome, called early onset, is observed in neonates aged five days or less (Baker et al. 1973). In older infants (between 10 days and three months of age) the second syndrome or the late-onset may appear (Franciosi et al. 1973; Baker et al. 1973). In the last few years infections in adults have also been reviewed (
Bayer
et al. 1976; Lerner et al. 1977). Group B streptococci are divided into five serological types: Ia, Ib, Ic, II, and III (Wilkinson and Eagon 1971); some strains to be devoid of type-specific antigens and are called nontypable (NT). The serotypes of group B streptococci isolated from infants with early onset disease are identical with those isolated from the genital tracts of their mothers. Infants probably acquire the microorganism during passage through the birth canal (Baker and Barrett 1973). Furthermore, the genitourinary tract is known to be a major reservoir of infection and a source for subsequent dissemination in both men and women (Wilkinson 1978). The appearance of
sepsis
and meningitis in neonates caused by group B streptococci and which was reported previously by this laboratory (Maayan et al. 1978; Nitzan et al. 1978) has prompted us to study the current situation of the infections caused by this microorganism. This study presents a survey on the frequency of infections, serotype distribution, and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of group B streptococcal isolates in the Sharon district (Israel). It seems that the transformation of the group B streptococci to human pathogens has also affected this area.
...
PMID:Streptococcus group B isolates in a regional hospital area. 700 49
Timely intervention in recurrent episodes of
sepsis
poses a major problem in intensive care, because the diagnosis is often made after the onset of
sepsis
, delaying the initiation of treatment. There are only a few animal models that cover this situation. We have developed a baboon model of recurrent bacteremia (3 x 2 h intravenous infusion of 1 x 10(8) CFU Escherichia coli/kg), which leads to late organ failure. In this model (tested on 16 animals) we began anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody treatment (BAYX 1351;
Bayer
AG, 7.5 mg/kg or saline placebo) after the first bacteremic episode (+4 h), which significantly (p < .05) protected animals from death, none out of eight (100% survival), in the treatment group in contrast to four animals out of eight died (50% survival) in the placebo group. This effect was also reflected in improved organ function and in attenuated cytokine and plasminogen activator inhibitor release. From these studies we conclude that the delayed application of anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies in recurrent bacteremia is a powerful tool for preventing septic death.
...
PMID:Anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody treatment of recurrent bacteremia in a baboon model. 773 79
Neonatal sepsis is one of the most significant causes of mortality and morbidity in infants. Among numerous parameters available to confirm the presence of
sepsis
in newborns procalcitonin (PCT) has been chosen. The aim of this study was the determination of PCT, C-reactive protein (CRP) serum amyloid A (SAA), plasminogen, protein C, antithrombin III (AT III) and white blood cell count (WBC) in blood sample obtained by puncture of the umbilical vein. Sixty two newborn infants were included in the study: 31 with suspected bacterial infection and 31 healthy babies Serum procalcitonin was measured using Kryptor analyzer (Brahms Aktiengesellschaft, Germany); serum hsCRP and SAA on the Behring Nephelometer II (Dade Behring Diagnostics GmbH, Marburg, Germany); plasma plasminogen, protein C and AT III on BCT Coagulation system, (Dade Behring Diagnostics GmbH, Marburg, Germany); and WBC count was determined in the whole blood using hematological analyzer ADVIA 120 Hematology System (
Bayer
, Germany). The obtained mean values of PCT, hsCRP, SAA, WBC, plasminogen, AT III, protein C in newborn's samples with suspected bacterial infection/healthy newborns were: 0.188 ng/L / 0.121 ng/L; 1.20 mg/L / 1.30 mg/L, 1.28% / 1.70%; 16.0 x 10(9)/L/12.0 x 10(9) / L, 61.0% / 59.0%, 52.0% / 64.5%, 39.0% / 41.0%, respectively. Neonates with bacterial infection had significantly higher values of PCT (p <0.001), WBC (p <0.001) and CRP (p <0.05) compared to healthy babies. Based on these results, it may be concluded that procalcitonin is useful for early diagnosis of
sepsis
in newborns.
...
PMID:Procalcitonin and Other Biomarkers of Sepsis in Newborns in the Intensive Care Unit. 2768 86
A trial on Syrian hamsters (
Mesocricetus auratus
) infected with
Leptospira interrogans
serovar
Canicola
was established to compare treatment efficacies of daily intramuscular (i.m.) injections of either 10 mg/kg of 5% enrofloxacin (Baytril [BE];
Bayer
Animal Health, Mexico) or the same dose of enrofloxacin hydrochloride-dihydrate (enro-C). Hamsters were experimentally infected via the oral submucosa with 400 microorganisms/animal, in a sequential time schedule aligned to the initial treatment day, and were treated in groups as follows: a group treated with 5% enrofloxacin daily for 7 days after 24 h of infection (group BE
24
); a group treated as described for group BE
24
but with enro-C (enro-C
24
); a group also treated with 5% enrofloxacin but starting at 72 h after infection (BE
74
); a group treated as described for group BE
74
but with injection of enro-C (enro-C
74
). An untreated-uninfected control group (group CG
-
) and an infected-untreated control group (group CG
+
) were assembled (
n
= 18 in all groups). Weights and temperatures of the hamsters were monitored daily for 28 days. After hamsters were euthanatized or following death, necropsy, histopathology, macroscopic agglutination tests (MAT), bacterial culture, and PCR were performed. The mortality rates were 38.8% in group BE
24
and 100% in group BE
74
No mortality was observed in group enro-C
24
, and 11.1% mortality was recorded in group enro-C
74
The mortality rates in groups CG
+
and CG
-
were 100% and zero, respectively. Combined necropsy and histopathologic findings revealed signs of
septicemia
and organ damage in groups BE
24
, BE
72
, and CG
+
Groups enro-C
24
and CG
-
showed no lesions. Moderated lesions were registered in 3 hamsters in group enro-C
72
MAT results were positive in 83.3% of BE
24
hamsters (83.3%) and 100% of BE
72
and CG
+
hamsters; MAT results were positive in 16.7% in group Enro-C
24
and 38.9% in group enro-C
72
Only 4/18 were PCR positive in group enro-C
72
and only 1 in group enro-C
24
(
P
< 0.05). It can be concluded that enro-C may be a viable option to treat leptospirosis in hamsters and that this may be the case in other species.
...
PMID:Efficacy of a New Recrystallized Enrofloxacin Hydrochloride-Dihydrate against Leptospirosis in a Hamster Model. 2887 81
