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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three hundred fifty-seven groin hernia repairs were performed under local anesthesia using a long-lasting local anesthetic agent. An ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, and twelfth intercostal nerve block was carried out initially, followed by regional infiltration of the agent, using a technic first described by Ponka [8] with several modifications. This technic can be employed suffessfully in the majority of groin hernia repairs. It requires careful attention to detail in the administration of preoperative sedation and analgesia and the use of sharp dissection only and greater gentleness in the handling of tissue. We have observed a significant reduction in postoperative discomfort and the virtual elimination of urinary retention, urinary sepsis, atelectasis, and phlebitis in these cases. All patients are fully ambulatory, without assistance immediately after surgery and the majority are discharged the same day or the following morning. This results in a marked reduction in the total cost of repairing a groin hernia.
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PMID:Change in the management of adult groin hernia. 41 25

An epidural infection is a rare and extremely dangerous complication of epidural anesthesia. This case report describes an epidural infection following the use of a continuous lumbar epidural anesthetic. This patient was fortunate, in that the infection did not result in neurologic sequelae and required only long-term intravenous antibiotic therapy. With the increasing use of epidural analgesia and anesthesia, it is important that anesthetists are aware of such a complication in this commonly used technique. This article will review the incidence, pathophysiology, symptomatology, diagnosis, and treatment of epidural infections. Factors relating to epidural infections (equipment use, fever, septicemia and viremia, and duration of catheterization) are also discussed.
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PMID:Infection and the epidural space: a case report. 152 55

Seventeen cynomolgus monkeys under N2O analgesia and sedation were subjected to severe volume-controlled hemorrhagic shock (shed blood volume of 21 or 27 ml/kg). In 12 monkeys, resuscitation was started after increasing periods of hemorrhagic shock from 30 min to 5 h. In five additional monkeys, volume-controlled hemorrhage was modified at hemorrhagic shock 30 min to control MAP at 30 mmHg: resuscitation was started at hemorrhagic shock of 2 h. A clinically relevant resuscitation protocol consisted of a field phase from 0 to 6 h (lactated Ringer's solution, spontaneous breathing), and a hospital intensive care phase from 6 h to 48 h (blood, lactated Ringer's solution to mean arterial pressure (MAP) greater than or equal to 70 mmHg, controlled ventilation, advanced life support). Fifteen of the 17 monkeys survived. After outcome evaluation at 4 or 7 days, the eight monkeys with "moderate insult" had only transient functional impairment. Of the nine with "severe insult," three showed signs of moderate transient non-oliguric renal failure. Eight of the 12 monkeys studied morphologically showed scattered liver cell damage. None of the monkeys developed pulmonary dysfunction or functional or morphologic evidence of cerebral damage. This study establishes a new hemorrhagic shock-resuscitation model simulating field-to-hospital life support. Severe hemorrhagic shock with MAP 30-40 mmHg for 90-120 min (without trauma or sepsis) can lead to complete functional recovery after transient malfunction of liver and kidneys.
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PMID:Monkey model of severe volume-controlled hemorrhagic shock with resuscitation to outcome. 165 92

In 1987, Yeager et al. reported that intraoperative epidural anesthesia with local anesthetics and postoperative epidural analgesia with opiates diminished postoperative morbidity. In our first clinical trial on this topic, the better postoperative analgesia with epidural bupivacaine-fentanyl failed to improve the outcome after major abdominal operations over that obtained with parenteral piritramide. This randomized controlled investigation was designed to assess whether intraoperative epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine plus light general anesthesia and postoperative epidural analgesia with morphine would diminish the overall rate of postoperative complications after major abdominal operations compared with general anesthesia (without epidural) followed by patient controlled analgesia with morphine, and with intraoperative epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine and light general anesthesia followed by postoperative bupivacaine-morphine analgesia. METHODS. A total of 292 patients undergoing infrarenal aortic bypass operation, gastric resection, gastrectomy, duodenum-preserving pancreatic resection, Whipple's operation or cystectomy and neobladder formation were randomly divided into three groups: 1. PCA group (patient controlled analgesia, n = 107): patients were operated on under general anesthesia (midazolam, fentanyl, N2O/O2, if necessary with addition of halothane, enflurane or isoflurane; muscle relaxation with pancuronium bromide). Postoperative management consisted in patient-controlled analgesia with morphine (Prominject), bolus 2 mg, lock-out 5 min (recovery room, intensive care unit) or 15 min (surgical ward). 2. EBM group (epidural bupivacaine+morphine, n = 95): operation under light general anesthesia (midazolam, low-dose fentanyl, N2O/O2, pancuronium bromide). In addition, a mixture of bupivacaine (0.25%) and morphine (60 micrograms/ml) was infused (approximately 0.1 ml/kg.h) via an epidural catheter during and after the operation (approximately 72 h). 3. EM group (epidural morphine, n = 90): operation under the same kind of general-epidural anesthesia as in the EBM group. Postoperatively, epidural injection of morphine (0.05 mg/kg in 10 ml of saline) on request up to the 3rd postoperative day. Quality of analgesia (at rest and when patients coughed vigorously), strength of cough, and rate-pressure product were recorded at 8:00 h, 12:00 noon, 16:00 h and 20:00 h on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd postoperative days. Incidence and intensity of all postoperative complications (cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal and other organ failure, reoperations, major infection, sepsis, thromboembolism, metabolic and mental disturbances) were assessed from the day of operation until discharge or death (n = 10), respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. In the PCA and EM groups analgesia was equal but of slightly inferior quality compared with the EBM group. The ability to cough was best in the EBM group and significantly worse in the PCA and EM groups, with no difference between the last two. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Patient-controlled analgesia versus epidural analgesia using bupivacaine or morphine following major abdominal surgery. No difference in postoperative morbidity]. 175 32

The first Danish experience with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) using a second generation Lithotriptor (Siemens Lithostar) is reported. 306 patients underwent 392 treatments for 363 stones. There were 339 renal calculi including 5 staghorn calculi and 54 ureteral calculi. Treatments were performed under local analgesia (82%) or epidural or general anesthesia (18%) when invasive procedures had to be done in connection with the treatment. Stone fragmentation was achieved with 2487 +/- 1262 shocks. The first months stone clearance rate was 45%; 26% had fragments less than 6 mm; 29% had residual stones. Corresponding rates after 3 and 6 months were 58%, 24% and 18% and 70%, 21% and 9% respectively. Septicemia occurred in 4 patients and cardial arrhythmia in 34 patients (11%). No serious intra- or perirenal hematomas were registered. In 9% additional procedures were required and 11 patients had residual stones removed at open surgery. The used second generation lithotriptor with X-ray based stone localisation is effective for treatment of both renal calculi and ureteral calculi in situ in all three segments of the ureter.
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PMID:Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of urinary calculi. Results from the first 306 patients treated at the Copenhagen Municipal Stone Center with a second generation lithotriptor. 178 3

Permanent central venous catheters play an important role in the treatment of patients with malignancies. Two systems are available, Hickman-Broviac Catheters (HB) and Port-a-Cath (PAC), the latter is fully implantable. Since 1982, the systems have been used in the Finsen Institute. In the period 01.01.1984 to 31.03.1988 a total of 232 HB and 52 PAC were inserted in 245 patients with solid malignant tumours with one exception. All the catheters were inserted with the venous cut-down technique and at the end of the period mainly in local analgesia. The total indwelling time was 36,859 days, mean 99 days (1-616 days) for HB and 92 days (8-519 days) for PAC. Seventeen catheters remained in place for more than 365 days. A total of 114 complications concerning 88 catheters were registered. The most serious complications were sepsis and thrombosis. The frequency of sepsis was low, 0.06 (HB) and 0.01 (PAC) per 100 catheter-days. The corresponding frequency of thrombosis was 0.03/100 catheter-days for both systems. Sixty-one HB and five PAC had to be removed because of complications. In general, the complication rate was lower for the PAC method. In addition, the nursing care was reduced to a minimum. The surgical cut-down method is preferable, as catheter implantation is possible even in patients with disorders of the coagulation system.
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PMID:[Permanent central venous catheters in oncologic patients]. 192 4

In an effort to minimize the nutritional complications that follow resection of the pancreas for severe chronic pancreatitis, the authors have performed a duodenum-preserving total pancreatectomy in eight patients for severe unremitting pain requiring large doses of opiate analgesia. Good relief of pain was obtained in six patients (75%), in whom the quality of life was undoubtedly improved. There were no problems with the control of diabetes after this procedure in any of these patients, and no patient has suffered any hypoglycemic attacks requiring medical treatment. This improved control of the diabetic state is probably related to a more physiologic state of the upper digestive tract, enabling a normal food intake. The authors found the operation to be technically difficult, however, and although there were no post-operative deaths, major complications were encountered in four patients. These consisted of postoperative bleeding requiring reoperation (two patients), sepsis, and a duodenal fistula, which progressed to stenosis.
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PMID:Total pancreatectomy with preservation of the duodenum and pylorus for chronic pancreatitis. 195 10

The quality of analgesia and incidence of side effects when using a continuous subarachnoid infusion of diamorphine were assessed in 28 postoperative patients who had undergone major abdominal or lower limb surgery. Excellent pain relief was obtained without depression of the respiratory rate. Four patients complained of headache, and 50% of those patients not already catheterized preoperatively subsequently required it for urinary retention. There was no evidence of sepsis related to the indwelling subarachnoid catheter.
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PMID:Initial experience of continuous subarachnoid diamorphine infusion for postoperative pain relief. 195

In a study to assess the efficacy of and safety of vacuum aspiration syringe in the management of incomplete abortion 300 patients with non septic abortion were evacuated by the method in the ward. A control group 285 patients was evacuated in theatre by sharp currettage. All patients were followed up for 21 days. 54.7% of the study patients were evacuated without any need for analgesia while all the control patients were given intravenous pethidine and valium. 2.3% of vacuum aspiration and 3.5% of control patients needed revacuation (p greater than 0.05). 70.3% of vacuum aspiration cases were dry by day 7 compared to 64.6% of the control group (p greater than 0.05). Immediate complications of nausea and vomiting were seen in 5.3% study patients (p less than 0.001). There was one uterine perforation in the control group. 5.4% of study and 6.0 of control patients developed mild to severe sepsis (p greater than 0.05). Vacuum aspiration is a safe, simple and quick method of treating incomplete abortion. Its wider use in developing countries is highly recommended.
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PMID:Assessment of the manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) equipment in the management of incomplete abortion. 207 83

Major alteration in respiratory mechanics occur in all patients following anaesthesia and thoracotomy because of a decrease in the functional residual capacity with minimal change in the closing volume leading to airway closure during tidal breathing and atelectasis. Diminished pulmonary reserve, because of non-pulmonary and pulmonary risk factors before operation, and/or restrictive ventilation and abnormal pattern of breathing due to postoperative pain sustain and aggravate these changes. These can proceed to postoperative pulmonary complications in some normal, and in many high risk, patients. Detection and correction of pre-existing pulmonary disease, smoking, sepsis and obesity is essential to reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality. Effective postoperative regional analgesia minimizes impairment of pulmonary function, aids in its recovery, and prevents postoperative pulmonary complications. The adjuvant use of chest physiotherapy and incentive spirometry should also help in decreasing the adverse affects of anaesthesia and surgery on the chest and thereby reduce the frequency and severity of postoperative complications.
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PMID:Alterations in respiratory mechanics following thoracotomy. 220 2


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