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 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Renal calculi are an infrequent but significant management problem during pregnancy. We reviewed all cases of renal colic occurring during pregnancy between 1979 and 1990 at Grace Hospital, a tertiary care obstetrical hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia. Of the patients 80 had a discharge diagnosis of renal colic and pregnancy during this 11-year period. Calculi were confirmed in 57 patients. Of the patients 66% were multiparous and 99% of the calculi occurred during either the second or third trimester. The most common symptom was flank pain seen in 89% of the patients, while greater than 95% displayed either microscopic or gross hematuria. Methods of radiographic diagnosis included ultrasonography and limited stage excretory urography. A total of 84% of patients passed stones spontaneously. Indications for urological or obstetrical intervention included persistent pain, sepsis, progressive hydronephrosis, solitary kidney or high grade obstruction. There were 37 procedures done in 23 patients. The most common procedure was placement of a ureteral stent. The complication rate associated with intrapartum intervention and stent passage in the 23 patients was 16%. All patients with a ureteral stent subsequently had spontaneous vaginal delivery without complication. A scheme for managing renal calculi in pregnancy is presented.
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PMID:Renal colic in pregnancy. 143 34

In situ (no instrumentation) extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL*) was used to treat 49 patients with obstructing ureteral stones causing acute renal colic. Ureteral obstruction was diagnosed on the delayed films of an excretory urogram and was classified as severe (dilatation above and no contrast medium seen below the stone) in 17 patients and partial (dilatation above and contrast medium seen below the stone) in 32. Upper third ureteral stones were present in 41 patients (obstruction severe in 15 and partial in 26) and lower third ureteral stones were present in 8 (obstruction severe in 2 and partial in 6). ESWL was performed within 14 days of the onset of the acute renal colic because of persistent pain with an unmodified Dornier HM3 lithotriptor in 17 patients and a Medstone STS device in 32. With single stones the stone-free rate at 3 months, the repeat ESWL rate and the secondary procedure (stone basketing) rate were 92%, 6% and 8%, respectively, with severe obstruction, and 78%, 6% and 6%, respectively, with partial obstruction. No urinary drainage procedures for sepsis were required after ESWL. Obstructing ureteral stones, which presented mainly in the upper third of the ureter, were successfully treated with in situ ESWL without the need for either bypassing the stone with a ureteral stent or for pushing the stone back into the kidney before treatment with ESWL.
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PMID:In situ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for obstructing ureteral stones with acute renal colic. 143 8

Increasing use of endourological procedures to establish a diagnosis of pyeloureteral lesions detected as a repletion deficiency during urographic study, which when they are obstructive, affect the upper urinary tract. The present report describes the use of ureterorenoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for the ureteral obstruction occurring in a patient with papillary necrosis secondary to analgesics abuse. The papilla was indwelt in the right distal ureter causing obstruction and symptoms of renal colic and septicemia.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment with ureterorenoscopy of ureteral obstruction caused by papillary necrosis]. 159 78

To establish the clinical significance of renal colic associated with extravasation of contrast material, the authors reviewed 158 consecutive patients who presented with renal colic-like symptoms at the William Beaumont Hospital Emergency Center over a four-month period. Forty-three patients were eliminated either because excretory urography was not performed or IVU did not show obstruction. Of the remaining 115 patients with "obstructive" IVUs, 21 (18 men, 3 women) or 18.3 per cent, were associated with contrast media extravasation of varying degrees. Patients with extravasation were compared with patients without extravasation by cross matching as to age, gender, and time of presentation. Extravasation patients demonstrated significantly less hydronephrosis, had smaller stones (1-5 mm) usually located at the ureterovesical junction, tended to pass their stones spontaneously, and required less hospitalization and one-third the number of manipulative procedures. There was no incidence of sepsis. The significance and future research implications of these findings are presented.
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PMID:Significance of urinary extravasation during renal colic. 368 69

Urinary tract calculi presenting during pregnancy are rare, with less than 0.1% of pregnancies being associated with stones, the vast majority being asymptomatic and a chance finding. We outline six cases treated over an 8-year period. They presented with combinations of pain, sepsis and obstruction. Intervention was required in four cases: insertion of antegrade nephrostomy, double-J stent, Dormia basket stone extraction, open pyelolithotomy and induction of labour. In each case the pregnancy had a successful outcome. Renal colic can precipitate premature labour. Delayed diagnosis and intervention can result in permanent renal impairment. Ionising radiation and anaesthetic agents may be harmful during pregnancy. The problem is rarely encountered and we therefore present information on the relative risks in each trimester of exposure to the mother and fetus and present a clinical algorithm for the management of these patients.
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PMID:Problematic renal calculi presenting during pregnancy. 871 72

The aim of this work was to report some case histories on the usefulness of spiral TC, used for several years both to diagnose renal colic and urinary lithiasis and to study radio lucent stones that are often difficult to be detected with traditional radiology. 13 patients, aged between 31 and 76 (average age: 54.2), were therefore examined. Eight of them had a ureteral colic when examined, while five patients had shown symptoms some days before being hospitalised in our ward. In all cases, ultrasonography showed a significant hydronephrosis, while direct radiography of the urinary tract could not detect any images that could be associated with radio-opaque lithiasis. All patients therefore underwent an abdominal spiral TC with no contrast medium within 24 hours after hospitalisation. The confrontation between the results obtained by ultrasonography and those obtained by spiral TC, showed the usefulness of the former method to detect stones located in the proximal ureter or in its intramural tract, while the latter could detect the lithiasis of the proximal ureter in 3 cases (23%), of the mid ureter in 2 cases (15.3%), and of the distal ureter in 8 cases (61%). The stones had, approximately, a 5 mm diameter in 5 cases. In 6 cases the diameter was between 6 and 10 mm, and more than 1 cm in 2 cases. Both methods proved to be equally accurate in the assessment of the hydronephrosis degree and of the thickness of the renal parenchyma. The therapy was medical in 2 cases and open surgery in 3 cases, while 8 patients were treated with ureterolitholapaxy with a ballistic searcher. The usefulness of TC in the study of urolithiasis nowadays is supported by a large literature which clearly supplies with documentary evidence the high sensitivity and specificity of such a method in diagnosing the presence of urolithiasis in general and above all of ureteric stones. Such a method not only makes an accurate evaluation of the stones location possible, but it can also assess the calculi dimensions and the indirect signs of the functionality of the kidney affected, without having to use the contrast medium. This method needs very limited execution times and allows a diagnostic of possible collateral pathologies. The main disadvantage of spiral TC, if compared to conventional radiology, is that the patient is exposed to a larger quantity of ionizing radiations, although such an inconvenience will be overcome by the new and more technologically advanced machines. According to our experience, though based on a limited number of cases, spiral TC allowed us to get a quick diagnosis of radio-lucent lithiasis, to see the seat and dimensions of the calculi and finally to chose the most effective treatment. We can therefore think of a diagnostic protocol, for ureteral colics with hydronephrosis or complicated by hyperpyrexia or sepsis, with spiral TC in order to have a quick diagnosis and start the most effective therapy in case an ultrasonographic research should not result diriment.
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PMID:[The meaning and usefulness of spiral CT for radiolucent ureteric stones diagnosis: our experience]. 1274 46

There are few publications describing urolithiasis in deployed military personnel. Renal colic was the most common urologic indication for air evacuation from the 47th Combat Support Hospital during the first 6 months of Operation Iraqi Freedom and we describe our observations and experience herein. Institutional review board approval was obtained to create a database of patients presenting to the 47th Combat Support Hospital with urolithiasis. Patient demographics, stone characteristic, imaging modality, urinalysis results, treatment course, and outcomes were evaluated for 182 patients. Sixty percent of patients qualified for conservative treatment and spontaneous stone passage was documented in 28%. We conclude that conservative therapy is safe and appropriate initial treatment for the majority of deployed personnel with urinary calculi, however, many patients were lost to follow-up. No patient treated conservatively required admission for sepsis, azotemia, or other serious stone-related complication.
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PMID:Demographics, stone characteristic, and treatment of urinary calculi at the 47th Combat Support Hospital during the first 6 months of Operation Iraqi Freedom. 1752 Oct 97

Urinary stone disease is a condition with far-reaching implications. Patients with their initial instance of acute renal colic enter the health care system through 2 routes. Severe cases are generally seen in the emergency room, whereas more tolerable cases may be seen by primary care physicians. Patients with urinary stone disease are then managed in the long-term by a urologist. Timely and appropriate treatment of patients with urinary stone disease is essential to prevent the development of sepsis and progressive renal insufficiency. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, presentation, and short- and long-term management of acute and chronic urinary stone disease.
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PMID:Medical and medical/urologic approaches in acute and chronic urologic stone disease. 2109 20

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of ureteroscopy (URS) in pregnant women. A retrospective analysis was performed on 32 pregnant patients referred to our center between April 2005 and November 2010 with hydronephrosis requiring surgical intervention. A semirigid URS of 9.5 F was used in all patients. The mean age of patients was 27.8 years (range 20-39), and the mean gestation duration was 24 weeks (15-34). The ultrasound findings were diagnostic of obstructive ureteral calculi in 16 (50%) patients and the mean stone diameter was 8 mm. Spinal anaesthesia was performed in 22 (68.8%) patients, while general anaesthesia was performed in 7 (21.8%) patients. Ureteric stones were found in 27 (84.3%) patients during endoscopy, 10 being distal, 9 middle and 8 proximal. There were no stones in five patients. The stones were fragmented with pneumatic lithotripsy in 8 patients and with holmium laser in 17 patients and the fragments were retracted with forceps. Of the 32 patients, 19 (59.4%) required JJ stent insertion peroperatively. There was no serious complication intraoperatively, while urinary tract infection developed in four and renal colic in two patients postoperatively. In one patient, sepsis developed postoperatively, and improved with appropriate treatment. All babies were born normally. Semirigid ureteroscopy for diagnosing and treating ureteral calculi by intracorporeal pneumatic or holmium laser lithotripsy is a safe and reasonable treatment option for pregnant patients.
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PMID:The efficacy and safety of ureteroscopy for ureteral calculi in pregnancy: our experience in 32 patients. 2229 88

Due to its length and its small diameter, the ureter is exposed to a high obstructive risk which may be ascribed to extremely variable pathologies. Because of a remarkably active peristalsis, the clinical consequence is acute if the obstacle suddenly settles. The radiological sign of appeal is the pyelocalyceal dilatation, which is widely listed in the Western medical system, in consideration of the abundance of the practiced imaging. From the acute situation to the fortuitous discovery, its understanding must be further investigated because of the immediate symptomatic potential impact such as renal colic, which can be associated with sepsis, as well as possible long-term sequelae on renal function. This article aims to help the primary care physician to initiate its diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:[How to manage a pyelocalyceal dilatation?]. 2678 28


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