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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia occurred in a breeding group of 22 adult patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). Affected animals had acute clinical signs of depression, weakness, dehydration, hypothermia, hepatomegaly and pronounced leukopenia. Both animals died a few hours after treatment was initiated. Gross necropsy findings included jaundice, fluid in body cavities, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, multiple white foci within the liver and spleen, generalized lymph node enlargement and numerous mucosal ulcerations in the colon. Primary histopathological lesions were multifocal hepatic necrosis, splenic necrosis, chronic ulcerative enteritis and diaphragmatic myositis with necrosis and edema. Yersinia enterocolitica was cultured from the liver, spleen, lung, jejunum and rectum. Wild rodents, particularly mice, may have been a source of infection for these animals, as the monkeys were housed in a rural, indoor-outdoor facility. A preliminary culture survey showed that some clinically normal patas monkeys harbored the organism in their intestinal tracts.
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PMID:Naturally occurring Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia in patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). 405 42

Classification of platelet disorders has been based on the platelet count. Addition of a second variable, mean platelet volume (MPV), to the routine blood count allows classification of patients into 9 categories: high, low, or normal MPV, and high, low or normal platelet count. We studied 1,244 adult inpatients. 1,134 had both platelet values normal. 11 patients had high MPV and low platelet count: all had hyperdestructive causes. 15 patients had high MPV and normal platelet count: 12 had heterozygous thalassemia, and three had iron deficiency. Seven patients had high MPV and high platelet count: causes included myeloproliferative disorders, inflammation, iron deficiency, and splenectomy, 25 patients had high platelet counts and normal MPV: the causes were inflammation, infection, sickle cell anemia, iron deficiency, or chronic myelogenous leukemia. 52 patients had an MPV that was inappropriately low for the platelet count (high, normal, or low). All had sepsis, splenomegaly, aplastic anemia, chronic renal failure, or a disease being treated with myelosuppressive drugs. High MPV thus appears correlated with myeloproliferative disease or thalassemia; and low MPV, with cytotoxic drugs or marrow hypoplasia. Addition of MPV to the platelet count allows subtler disorders to be detected (when the platelet count is normal), and allows distinction of the cause of thrombocytopenia.
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PMID:Use of mean platelet volume improves detection of platelet disorders. 407 87

A disease that is similar to human AIDS may occur in monkeys. Simian AIDS (SAIDS) was experimentally transmitted from 2 rhesus monkeys dying of the disease to 4 cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody-negative rhesus monkeys. The inocula consisted of the supernatant fluid from 10% homogenates of various tissues with or without buffy-coat cells from blood. Lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, neutropenia, polymyositis, and other signs of the disease appeared in recipients within a few weeks after inoculation. Two animals developed Kaposi-like "patch" and "plaque" skin lesions and one died of sepsis and profound lymphoid depletion. A second animal also died with lymphoid depletion. All animals became infected with CMV but antibody levels were low in two animals, appeared and then disappeared in one, and never developed in the second monkey which died.
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PMID:Experimental transmission of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) and Kaposi-like skin lesions. 613 95

Four new cases of adult Still's disease have been observed in the past three years. Clinical and biological features are high fever, polyarthralgia, macular rash on forearm, pericarditis, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, alopecia, anemia, hyper-leucocytosis, raised ESR. Transient neurological findings may also be observed with abnormal reflexes, cranial nerve paralysis. High dose steroids treatment can be used in case of systemic involvement. The long term prognosis is usually good with treatment. In conclusion, the diagnosis of Still's disease is essentially clinical and should not be mistaken for septicemia.
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PMID:[Still's disease in the adult (author's transl)]. 627 24

A syndrome of acquired immunodeficiency within a group of outdoor-housed rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with unusually high mortality has been identified at the California Primate Research Center. The cause of death for most of the affected animals included septicemia and/or chronic diarrhea with wasting, often complicated by other problems. In many cases, multiple or unusual infectious agents were isolated or recognized, including cytomegalovirus, Cryptosporidium spp., and Candida albicans. Septicemias due to usually innocuous agents such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Alcaligenes faecalis were seen. Two animals developed cutaneous fibrosarcomas. Affected animals had generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, with depletion of T-cell populations, initially follicular hyperplasia followed by depletion, and absence of plasma cells. This spontaneous disease syndrome in nonhuman primates has similarities to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans, providing an animal model for the study of the complex factors modulating the immune system.
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PMID:The pathology of an epizootic of acquired immunodeficiency in rhesus macaques. 669 18

Between 1956 and 1981, 306 splenectomies for hematologic diseases were performed at the UCLA Medical Center. Of these operations, more than 75% were performed for therapeutic reasons to control anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, or painful symptoms of splenomegaly. Of the 65 patients who had idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 77% showed an excellent response, and of the 39 patients who had hereditary spherocytosis, 90% responded. Other diseases with predictably good response rates were autoimmune hemolytic anemias, Felty's syndrome, and hairy cell leukemia. Forty patients with Hodgkin's disease had splenectomies for diagnostic purposes the last 10 years. The overall morbidity and mortality were 24% and 6%, respectively, the most common complications being pneumonia, wound infections, and local postoperative bleeding, and the most common cause of death being sepsis. The review supports the thesis that in carefully selected patients, therapeutic splenectomy can have desirable palliative effects and that diagnostic splenectomy has a sufficiently low risk to warrant its consideration in patients with Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Splenectomy for hematologic disease. The UCLA experience with 306 patients. 673 25

The authors reviewed the clinical course of 31 consecutive patients with hairy cell leukemia seen at the University of California Los Angeles. The clinical presentation included varying degrees of pancytopenia, splenomegaly, and bone marrow infiltration with hairy cells. Ten patients were identified as having an "atypical" disease, which is defined as absence of palpable splenomegaly and/or marrow cellularity of less than 45%. These atypical patients had clinically milder disease and significantly less anemia than the usual patient (mean hemoglobin, 12.1 g/dl versus 9.4 g/dl; P = 0.016), although neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were comparable. Mortality and infection rates were similar in both groups. Infections were common in all patients, but opportunistic infections and septicemia were rare in patients prior to initiation of therapy. Two thirds of the patients who received corticosteroids and/or cytotoxic agents had serious infections, with a 50% mortality rate. Nearly 70% of the neutropenic patients (leukocyte count less than 1000) who received any form of treatment had a serious infection. The most important factors predicting mortality were chemotherapy and an age older than 50 years. Patients who survived 2 years with their disease had an excellent prognosis, and four patients in this series are alive and well with their disease for more than 10 years.
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PMID:Hairy cell leukemia. Disease pattern and prognosis. 673 79

Partial splenectomy for a large splenic cyst was performed in a seven-year-old girl referred for splenomegaly. The increased risk of sepsis in splenectomized patients induced the successful attempt at partial splenectomy. The surgical procedure described involved removal of the cyst while preserving as much of the spleen as possible. In view of the planocellular epithelial lining, the pathological diagnosis was of a rare congenital, intrasplenic cyst.
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PMID:Partial splenectomy for a splenic cyst. 673 90

A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the surgical aspects of the splenectomy in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Twenty patients, Philadelphia chromosome-positive, were initially treated with busulfan until remission was reached. Elective splenectomy was then performed and chromosomal studies repeated at four- and six-month intervals yielding the indication for cyclic intensive chemotherapy. There ws no mortality, one episode of gram-negative sepsis with shock, and five instances of minimal complications. The spleen weights averaged 265 g, ranging from 60 to 800 g. All patients had normal coagulation profiles at the time of surgery, but four of them developed a postoperative thrombocytosis without related complications. A specific correlation was noted between postoperative thrombocytosis and splenomegaly (average weight 570 g). Eleven patients showed a high postoperative leukemoid reaction (average 40,500 cells/cu mm). The interval between diagnosis and splenectomy was shorter (average 7.5 months) in this group than for the patients who had a lower granulocytosis (average 19.5 months).
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PMID:Early splenectomy in chronic myelogenous leukemia: surgical aspects. 694 Apr 64

The study of portal pressure during surgical exploration for biliary atresia in the series of 260 children operated at the Hospital Saint-Vincent de Paul since 1968 showed that portal hypertension could be demonstrated in 61.8% of the cases before the age of 3 months. Among the 54 children surviving without jaundice, splenomegaly was found in 35 cases; esophageal varices were seen in 14 children, more frequently after 5 years of age. Bleeding from esophageal varices occurred only in cases with recurrence of jaundice or moderate biliary retention, i.e. for 6 children. A portocaval shunt was constructed in 7 cases; all had bled except one. One child died two and a half years later from pneumococcal sepsis after a splenorenal shunt with splenectomy; another child had numerous recurrence of bleeding episodes. Five children have a functional shunt and have not rebled. When biliary atresia is cured by hepatoportoenterostomy, with complete disappearance of biliary retention, the risk of bleeding from esophageal varices is unlikely, in spite of persistent cirrhotic alterations of the liver; in these children, there should very seldom be an indication for a portocaval shunt.
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PMID:[Portal hypertension and biliary atresia (author's transl)]. 697 6


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