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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mechanisms producing hypertriglyceridemia during bacterial sepsis have not been well defined. In this study lipid disposal mechanisms were assessed in 76 infected and 19 control male rhesus monkeys by the ability to dispose of triglycerides after: (1) oral lipid loading; (2) intravenous lipid loading; and (3) by lipolytic enzyme activity tests as measured by postheparin lipolytic activity (PHLA). Studies were performed both before and 48 hr after intravenous inoculation with either Salmonella typhimurium or Diplococcus pneumoniae when illness was uniformly severe and fasting serum triglyceride elevations were increased maximally. S. typhimurium-infected monkeys demonstrated significant fasting hypertriglyceridemia (p is less than 0.001), reduced clearance of orally and intravenously administered lipid and markedly reduced PHLA. During this gram-negative sepsis, mild lethargy, slight diarrhea, and a 2% mortality were observed. During D. pneumoniae sepsis, average fasting triglyceride concentrations were slightly, but not significantly elevated. While oral lipid clearance was impaired, intravenous lipid clearance was unimpaired, and PHLA was slightly reduced. Marked lethargy, agitation, and a 20% mortality were present during this gram-positive infection. Results of this study support the concept that an impairment of lipid disposal mechanisms, particularly during gram-negative sepsis with S. typhimurium, may significantly contribute to the observed hypertriglyceridemia.
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PMID:Defective lipid disposal mechanisms during bacterial infection in rhesus monkeys. 0 48

Thirteen cases of group D streptococcal neonatal sepsis and/or meningitis were identified at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital from 1970 to 1976. Ages at onset of disease ranged from 1 to 25 days. The most frequent symptoms were fever (five cases), lethargy (five cases), and respiratory difficulty (four cases). Blood cultures for seven infants were positive; CSF cultures for five infants were positive; and CSF and blood cultures for one infant were both positive. In 12 patients, parenteral antibiotic therapy consisted of a penicillin and an aminoglycoside. One infant with a severe meningomyelocele died. The other 12 infants showed a rapid clinical response with seven patients improving within 48 hours of the start of therapy. Infection with group D streptococcus results in a low-grade systemic disease in both full-term and premature infants that responds favorably to appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Systemic group D streptococcal infection in newborn infants. 10 22

A review of the literature reveals only one case of neonatal Escherichia coli pericarditis. This is a case report of Escherichia coli pericarditis occurring in a two day old infant. The infant initially presented with lethargy and jaundice but this rapidly progressed into shock. Despite vigorous resuscitative efforts, the infant succumbed and at autopsy 30 cc of purulent fluid were obtained. Cultures of the admission blood and post-mortem pericardial effusion grew Escherichia coli. The clinical diagnosis of pericarditis is often difficult because of vague, nonspecific symptoms and signs. The symptoms are usually those of sepsis plus those of impaired circulation due to mechanical embarrassment by accumulating pericardial effusion. It is difficult to differentiate pericarditis with effusion from myocarditis and pericardial effusion secondary to congestive heart failure. The use of pericardiocentesis as a diagnostic tool and echocardiography are the most helpful techniques presently available for diagnosis. Management consists of vigorous supportive efforts, antibiotics, and drainage of the pericardial effusion. Because of the very high mortality associated with this disorder, a high index of suspicion with a vigorous diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the patient is indicated.
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PMID:Neonatal E. coli pericarditis. 37 Mar 57

Tissue adenine nucleotides were measured in rats to determine if there is depletion of energy stores associated with sepsis. Peritonitis was produced by cecal ligation and cecal puncture. At 16 to 24 hours after ligation, rats which were lethargic but still normotensive (late sepsis) and showed clinical and laboratory confirmation of peritonitis-sepsis were stunned by a blow on the head, and small pieces of tissue were removed and frozen. Adenine nucleotides were measured enzymatically. In late sepsis adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in liver and kidney decreased significantly; however, no significant decreases were observed in the diaphragm or gastrocnemius muscle. Hydrogen polarograph measurements of hepatic blood flow indicated that flow was decreased markedly at this stage of peritonitis. A second group of rats was prepared in the same manner, except they were studied 10 hours after ligation (early sepsis). Most rats at this stage of sepsis appeared to be only mildly ill; however, blood cultures obtained from six rats so prepared all were positive. These rats did not show any decrease in either hepatic blood flow or tissue adenine nucleotides. Thus the changes in adenine nucleotides observed in late sepsis (lpw-flow septic rats) are similar to those seen during early hemorrhagic shock and suggest inadequate perfusion associated with peritonitis as the cause.
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PMID:Effect of sepsis on tissue adenine nucleotide levels. 41 61

A case of methylmalonic acidemia with intermittend homocystinuria is described. Special attention is given to the early symptoms of this inborn error of metabolism, like lethargy, muscular hypotony, poor feeding, ketoacidosis, and recurrent vomiting. Furthermore, the necessary diagnostic steps, the pertinent differential diagnosis (septicemia, duodenal stenosis, other inborn errors of metabolism), and the possible treatment are discussed.
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PMID:[A case of cobalamin-dependent methylmalonic acidemia. Biochemical aspects, diagnosis and possible treatment (author's transl)]. 65 92

Five bulls were inoculated intranasally with a live culture of Hemophilus somnus originally isolated from a clinical case of Hemophilus septicemia. Preinoculation and postinoculation blood samples were taken at weekly intervals for nine weeks for measuring complement fixation titers and daily postinoculation temperatures were taken for one week. Three animals had transient fever and slight lethargy was observed in two animals had a transitory rise in complement fixation titers in the second to fifth weeks postexposure while one animal which had been seronegative on preinoculation testing produced little serological response to the organism. The experiment demonstrated that the nasal instillation of young cattle using an originally pathogenic H. somnus isolate is capable of stimulating only transitory complement fixation antibody titer.
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PMID:Complement fixation titers in cattle following intranasal inoculation of Hemophilus somnus. 100 Apr 4

During a 4-year period between January 1987 and December 1990, 41 high-risk neonates with proven urinary tract infections (UTIs) were studied prospectively and compared with 55 control neonates. An incidence of 2.6 UTIs per 1000 live births was noted, amongst whom no obvious radiological abnormalities of the urinary tract were found. Significantly, more males than females developed UTIs, the ratio being 4.5:I. Low-birth-weight babies were significantly more often affected than those of normal weight (P less than 0.05). Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp. were the predominant pathogens isolated. Aetiologically, bacteraemia from sepsis was important. Most of the infants presented with a significantly higher incidence of pyrexia, abdominal distension, lethargy and jaundice (P less than 0.01). The overall mortality rate of 17.1% was closely related to these associated problems. The relatively high incidence of UTI and the rarity of radiological abnormalities of the urinary tract in the African neonate contrast with previous reports in the literature and the reason is worthy of consideration. Despite the rarity of urinary-tract anomalies, a continuous surveillance of the trend of neonatal UTI and its outcome is recommended.
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PMID:Urinary-tract infections in African neonates. 152 23

Galactosemia in newborns and infants is associated with the following symptoms: jaundice, hepatomegaly, failure to thrive, feeding difficulties, hypoglycemia, convulsions, lethargy, amino-aciduria, cataracts, hepatic cirrhosis, ascites, and mental retardation. If the preliminary evaluation indicates galactosemia, there is high risk for E. coli sepsis and death. Strong consideration should therefore be given for early antibiotic therapy in infants with suspected galactosemia in spite of the absence of clinical signs or symptoms of sepsis.
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PMID:Association of Escherichia coli sepsis and galactosemia in neonates. 156 28

A total of 2248 infants born at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, New Delhi were selectively screened for hypoglycemia over a period of 15 months. Hypoglycemia (blood glucose less than 30 mg/dl) was diagnosed in 107 cases (4.8%). Preterm babies had three times increased risk (12.8%) as compared to term babies (3.6%). Small-for-dates (SFDs) and large-for-dates (LFDs) infants were at increased risk of manifesting hypoglycemia (7 and 10 times, respectively) as compared to the appropriate-for-dates (AFDs) babies (2.7%). Approximately two-thirds of the hypoglycemic babies (67.3%) had one or more risk factors including birth asphyxia (24.2%), diabetic mothers (23.8%), respiratory distress (13.9%) and septicemia (11.6%). A total of 59.8% cases were asmyptomatic while the rest had one or more symptoms. The most common symptom observed was lethargy (81.4%), followed by jitteriness (67.4%), respiratory abnormalities (41.9%), hypotonia (39.5%) and seizures (30.2%). The amount of glucose (mg/kg/min) needed to maintain a stable blood sugar in various categories of hypoglycemic babies was observed to be in the following decreasing order of amount; symptomatic babies with seizures (Gp IV), IGDM's/IDM's and symptomatic babies with other features (Gp III), SFDs and LFDs (Gp II) and AFDs (Gp I). Such a categorization of hypoglycemic babies will help to treat them more precisely.
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PMID:Neonatal hypoglycemia--clinical profile and glucose requirements. 159 96

Case records of 32 neonatal calves with the antemortem diagnosis of meningitis were reviewed. Mean age at admission was 6 days (range, 11 hours to 30 days), and the most common concurrent clinical problem was diarrhea (16/32). Twenty-seven of the calves were available for necropsy. At postmortem, there was evidence of septicemia in 22 (81%) of these calves. Escherichia coli was the organism most frequently isolated (11/16; 69%) from the CNS. The major clinical signs of CNS disturbance observed over the course of hospitalization were lethargy, recumbency, anorexia, loss of suckle reflex, and coma. Leukocytosis and a left shift was evident in 11 of 15 (73%) calves. Concurrent metabolic problems that could have aggravated the CNS disturbance included hyperkalemia and respiratory acidosis. Analysis cerebrospinal of fluid from 22 of the calves, revealed pleocytosis, xanthochromia, turbidity, and high total protein concentration. Cytologically, neutrophils predominated in the CSF in calves with acute disease. Mononuclear cells dominated in calves with chronic disease. Microscopically, bacteria were evident in 10 of 22 (45%) of the antemortem CSF samples and bacteria were isolated from slightly more than half (11/19) of the specimens subjected to microbial culturing. Escherichia coli was the agent most frequently isolated from the CSF. Two of the 9 E coli isolates were resistant to trimethoprim potentiated sulfonamide drugs and all (4/4) of the CSF E coli isolates tested for susceptibility to triple-sulfonamide drugs were resistant. Twenty-seven of the 32 calves died or were euthanatized within 2.43 days after hospitalization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Meningitis in neonatal calves: 32 cases (1983-1990). 164 35


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