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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pasteurella multocida is an unusual cause of septic arthritis with most patients having underlying joint damage or altered host defenses. We report 2 cases of polyarticular sepsis with this bacteria. Predisposing factors in our patients included alcoholic cirrhosis, end stage renal disease and metastatic malignancy. Heightened awareness of this organism's involvement in polyarticular septic arthritis in the immunocompromised patient is emphasized.
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PMID:Pasteurella multocida polyarticular septic arthritis. 359 5

Clinical studies were performed on cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new cephem antibiotic, as follows. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum concentrations. CSF and serum concentrations of CZON were measured in 1 case of septic arthritis without meningitis. One hour after 50 mg/kg intravenous bolus injection, the CSF and serum concentrations were 0.10 and 18.1 micrograms/ml, respectively, and CSF to serum concentration ratio was 0.55%. Clinical efficacy CZON was administered to 15 patients in doses ranging 54.5 approximately 212.4 mg/kg/day (94.1 mg/kg/day on average) t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 4 approximately 12 days (6.5 days on average). Of those patients, 9 were with pneumonia, one each was with bronchitis, with tonsillitis, with septic arthritis, with septicemia, with purulent meningitis and with urinary tract infection. The overall efficacy rate was 100%, i.e., efficacy was excellent in 12, good in 3. Bacteriological efficacy was excellent, i.e., 8 of 8 strains were eradicated. Side effects were observed in 2 cases, i.e., one case with loose stool and another with eruption. Laboratory abnormalities to the drug were not observed during the treatment. The above results suggested that CZON would be a useful antibiotic for treating pediatric bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefuzonam in bacterial infection of children]. 359 93

This study of rabbits determined the risk of producing iatrogenic septic arthritis by arthrocentesis in the presence of bacteremia. In bacteremic animals, three of 20 knees became infected following joint aspiration, and six of 20 knees became infected on injection of 0.2 ml of bacteremic blood. Spontaneous joint sepsis did not develop, even in bacteremic animals. Prophylactic cefazolin before joint aspiration prevented the development of iatrogenic septic arthritis but did not prevent the recovery of bacteria from an infected joint. Therefore, there is an increased risk of development of joint sepsis in this animal model following a traumatic aspiration in the presence of bacteremia. This risk can be minimized by intravenous antibiotics without decreasing the likelihood of recovery of an organism if the joint is septic.
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PMID:Risk of iatrogenic septic arthritis in the presence of bacteremia: a rabbit study. 362 61

Septic arthritis is associated with a definite morbidity which may be related to a delay in diagnosis and hence treatment. The cases of three patients with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic chest disease where the joint sepsis was not the predominant feature are presented. The responsible organism was Streptococcus pneumoniae which had spread after recent chest infections. Minimal joint symptoms or general malaise in association with an unexplained rise in erythrocyte sedimentation rate in these circumstances warrant a search for joint sepsis.
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PMID:Pneumococcal septic arthritis in rheumatoid arthritis. 363 70

A patient with septic arthritis of the wrists was noted to have concurrent calcium pyrophosphate crystals in synovial fluid aspirated from both joints. These were present in unusually large numbers and were associated with destructive changes of the joints. It seemed likely that the complete dissolution of calcified cartilage accounted for the liberation of such numerous crystals. Previous reports of pseudogout associated with septic arthritis have noted the presence of abundant calcium pyrophosphate crystals in synovial fluid. It is suggested that this feature should always raise the possibility of concurrent sepsis.
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PMID:Diagnosis of pseudogout and septic arthritis. 366 64

Ceftriaxone has a very long serum half-life and enhanced in vitro activity against common pediatric pathogens. Therefore we evaluated the efficacy and safety of once daily ceftriaxone therapy in 57 children with serious infections including: meningitis (26 patients); ventriculitis (3); pyelonephritis (7); osteomyelitis (6); abscess (4); septic arthritis (3); sepsis (2); and miscellaneous infections (6). The most common isolates were Haemophilus influenzae (23), Escherichia coli (9) and Staphylococcus aureus (8). Ceftriaxone was given intravenously or intramuscularly in a dose of 50 mg/kg for non-central nervous system (CNS) infections. Patients with CNS infections received an initial dose of 100 mg/kg followed by 80 mg/kg 12 hours later and once daily thereafter. In a limited number of patients no major differences in serum ceftriaxone concentrations were found after intravenous or intramuscular injection. Of 57 patients with pathogens isolated 55 were completely cured; in one patient with Klebsiella pneumoniae ventriculitis, intraventricular gentamicin was briefly added to the regimen. Another patient with an anaerobic liver abscess recovered after metronidazole was administered. In three patients a delayed response to ceftriaxone was noted. One patient with previous recurrent infections had a second episode of H. influenzae meningitis 22 days after cessation of therapy. Clinical side effects were noted in 10 of 71 patients (including 14 treated patients who had negative cultures). Seven patients had diarrhea, one each had fever or rash and one had fever, rash and arthralgia. Laboratory side effects in 16 of 71 patients included eosinophilia (7), thrombocytosis (7), elevated liver enzymes (4) and leukopenia and neutropenia (2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Once daily ceftriaxone for central nervous system infections and other serious pediatric infections. 372 39

The association of posterior leg sepsis with pyogenic arthritis of the knee is rare, but nevertheless the diagnosis should be kept in mind. Calf swelling and tenderness with apparent antibiotic resistance in pyogenic arthritis of the knee are the major signs of the diagnosis. Ultrasound, computerized axial tomography, or aspiration of the posterior compartment may show fluid in the posterior compartment. Clinical examination is the most dependable method of diagnosis. Treatment consists of adequate surgical drainage of the posterior compartment and appropriate antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Posterior leg sepsis associated with pyogenic arthritis of the knee. A report of two cases. 373 91

Septic arthritis is a serious and sometimes fatal complication of rheumatoid arthritis. We have examined the clinical characteristics of 16 patients with infectious arthritis seen during an eight-year period. This represented 0.5% of all admissions to our hospital for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Although rheumatoid arthritis is considered a predisposing factor for joint sepsis, 15 of our patients had other conditions that most likely increased their susceptibility to infection. Many patients lacked distinctive features of joint sepsis (fever, chills) and only one half had leukocytosis. Six had polyarticular complaints despite documented monarthric sepsis. Delay in diagnosis of joint infection and persistent effusions of the infected joints portended a poor prognosis.
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PMID:Infection versus disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: eight years' experience. 376 20

Angular limb deformities are not uncommon in foals. Mild angular deviation due to laxity of supporting soft tissues often resolves spontaneously. However, external splinting or casting may be needed in severe cases or in those that do not resolve. When incomplete ossification of carpal or tarsal bones is the cause of the limb deformity, external support is mandatory to prevent further deformation and abnormal development of the bones. When epiphyseal and metaphyseal abnormalities cause axial deviation, surgical intervention is usually necessary. Circumferential periosteal transection and/or transphyseal bridging are methods used. The choice is dictated by the type and severity of the deformity. Flexor contractures of the forelimb vary greatly in degree and joints affected. Physical therapy combined with intermittent splint application is often successful, but surgical intervention may be necessary in unresponsive cases. Flexor tendon laxity is usually self-correcting but physical therapy, restricted exercise, and splinting may be needed. Rotational abnormalities are easier to correct in the forelimbs than in the hind limbs. Correction is usually accomplished by frequent corrective hoof trimming. Miscellaneous anomalies of the musculoskeletal system may sometimes be amenable to surgical correction, although the potential disadvantages must be carefully considered. Septic arthritis is a frequent sequela to neonatal septicemia and must be treated aggressively and early in its development. Appropriate systemic antibiotics, joint lavage, and rest are indicated. Neonatal osteomyelitis has a poor prognosis and requires prompt, vigorous therapy; even then, growth anomalies of the limb or contiguous septic arthritis may develop and further worsen the prognosis. Early accurate diagnosis and prompt appropriate therapy are vital in treating musculoskeletal disorders in foals, especially when a successful outcome is judged by the animal becoming a functional athlete.
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PMID:Musculoskeletal disorders in neonatal foals. 387 88

Two cases of coexistent gout and septic arthritis are presented. The known increased incidence of joint injections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is contrasted with the relative rarity of this complication in persons with gouty arthritis. The reason for this dichotomy is not clear but it is suggested that an important factor may be the more episodic nature of the gouty process. For patients presenting with acute arthritis the possible concurrence of sepsis and gout should be considered.
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PMID:Coexistent gout and septic arthritis: a report of two cases and literature review. 390 98


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