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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Risk factors, clinical syndromes and the case-fatality rates associated with Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections in infants managed at the University of Rochester Medical Center during 1979 to 1989 were reviewed. Overall 92 episodes of early onset disease (EOD) and 54 of late onset disease (LOD) were diagnosed in 143 infants (3 infants with EOD presented later with LOD). About one-third of patients with EOD and controls were non-white compared with two-thirds of patients with LOD that occurred in racial minority groups. Prematurity and low birth weight were significantly more common in patients with invasive GBS disease than in controls. Eighty-three of 92 (90%) cases of EOD were detected during the first day of life and 10 of 54 (19%) cases of LOD occurred in infants older than 3 months of age. At the time of diagnosis 4% of infants with EOD were asymptomatic, 54% had respiratory disease, 27% had sepsis without a focus, 15% had meningitis and 1% had urinary tract infection or omphalitis. Among infants with LOD 46% had sepsis, 37% meningitis, 7% urinary tract infection, 6% osteomyelitis and/or septic arthritis and 4% cellulitis or pneumonia. Leukopenia and shift to the left were observed in 43 and 61% of episodes of EOD and in 28 and 57% of episodes of LOD, respectively. All infants were promptly treated with antibiotics and vigorous supportive therapy. The case-fatality rate was 13% in EOD and 0 in LOD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The changing spectrum of group B streptococcal disease in infants: an eleven-year experience in a tertiary care hospital. 174 91

Three patients beyond the neonatal period with group B streptococcal infection were presented, including acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, bacteremia and septicemia. Serotyping was done in two patients. One was type Ia and the other was type III. All patients recovered from the disease.
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PMID:Group B streptococcal infection in children beyond neonatal period: report of 3 patients. 179 59

Antibiotic therapy and immediate drainage of the infected joint are established practice in the treatment of septic arthritis. The best method of drainage (repeated puncture, arthroscopy or surgical discharge) remains controversial. We analyze 34 patients with septic arthritis admitted to our hospital from 1984 to 1988. The pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus in 19 cases (56%), streptococcus in 6 (18%), pneumococcus in 2 (6%), other bacteria in (9%) and unknown in 4 (12%). In 62% the infection was blood-borne. The knee was affected in 12 cases (35%) and the shoulder in 10 (30%). A preceding joint puncture was the main source of infection. In 24 patients (70%) the initial joint drainage was by repeated puncture, while in 10 cases (30%) surgical drainage was the initial treatment. In 11 of the 24 patients initially treated by repeated puncture, surgical drainage was needed in the course of treatment because of persistent local infection of the joint. In only 13 (39%) was "medical" treatment alone effective. 5 patients died (14.7), 3 (8.8%) due to the infection. All deaths occurred in the "medical" group. 21 patients were asked about symptoms in the affected joint. In 71% there were no problems or only minimal ones, while in 29% there were distinct problems. 5 of the 6 patients with severe symptoms had been treated by repeated puncture. We conclude that surgical drainage of an infected joint is prescribed too rarely in departments of rheumatology and internal medicine. Arthroscopic or surgical drainage is indicated in cases of coxarthritis, omarthritis, in cases where symptoms last longer than 7 days and in patients with severe sepsis.
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PMID:[Therapy and prognosis of bacterial arthritis: a retrospective analysis]. 186 7

Many discriminative experimental animal models of infection have been utilized in the evaluation of newer fluoroquinolones. In vivo efficacy of many of the newer agents has been shown in experimental models of meningitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, abscesses of various types, septic arthritis, gastroenteritis, salmonellosis, listeriosis, tuberculosis, syphilis, sinusitis, prostatitis and burn wound sepsis, among others. This review focuses on recent developments in a few selected areas. Although the limitations of animal model studies are well described, these results provide a rationale for the appropriate clinical usage of the newer fluoroquinolones in humans.
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PMID:Evaluation of quinolones in experimental animal models of infections. 186 88

Four patients with osteoarthritis of the hip, who developed septic arthritis of the affected joint, are reported. The septic arthritis developed insidiously and was diagnosed with difficulty. One patient died, two required subsequent joint excision, and one arthrodesis despite antibiotics. The presence of a recognised predisposing factor to septic arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis or a surgically replaced joint, can provide a diagnostic pointer. These cases suggest that osteoarthritis, similarly, is a predisposing factor. It is concluded that joint sepsis should be considered if a patient with osteoarthritis develops new symptoms from a single joint with associated systemic features.
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PMID:Septic arthritis complicating hip osteoarthritis. 161 47

Haemophilus influenzae type b is responsible for an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 cases of meningitis per year in the United States, mainly in children 2 months to 5 years old. The mortality rate from meningitis due to H influenzae type b infections ranges from 5% to 10%. Despite antibiotic treatment, up to 35% of survivors have permanent neurologic sequelae. In addition to meningitis, H. influenzae type b is responsible for other invasive infections, including epiglottitis, septicemia, cellulitis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, pericarditis, and otitis media; approximately 30,000 cases H influenzae diseases occur annually in the United States. The diseases peak in incidence between 6 and 12 months of age, with almost one half of the cases occurring before 1 year of age. About 75% of disease caused by H influenzae type b occurs in children younger than 24 months old. The incidence of disease is higher in children of certain groups, including blacks, Hispanics, Eskimos and Native Americans, young children attending day-care facilities, patients with asplenia or antibody-deficiency syndromes, and children of lower socioeconomic status. There is considerable evidence that antibody to the capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitol-phosphate [PRP] of H influenzae type b is protective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunogenicity of a new Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (meningococcal protein conjugate) (PedvaxHIB). 210 17

Fourteen neonates were diagnosed to have Citrobacter sepsis during 1986-89, representing 4.6% of all cases with bacteriologically proven sepsis. Most of these infants were low birth weight (mean 2046 gm, +/- 750) and preterm (mean 34.8 weeks, +/- 3.8). Mean age at onset of sepsis was five days. In 10 cases the hematological profile was suggestive of sepsis. Infants had clinical evidence of multisystem infection; 2 with septic arthritis and 3 meningitis. The case fatality rate was 61%. Resistance to antibiotics was frequent. Citrobacter species were also cultured from other sites: umbilical stumps, eye swabs, urine, skin pustules and umbilical catheter tips. The epidemiological features and virulence of this organism call for vigilance and strict control measures.
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PMID:Neonatal citrobacter sepsis: clinical and epidemiological aspects. 213 9

A 60-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with high fever and an acute onset of pauciarticular arthritis. Clinical examination and ultrasound imaging of the right knee demonstrated a severe synovitis with a large synovial effusion and a Baker's cyst. Arthrocentesis showed an opaque viscous synovial fluid with a highly elevated white blood cell count. In synovial fluid cultures and in serial blood cultures Aerococcus viridans (Av) was detected. Further examination revealed a mitral valve endocarditis as the origin of the septicemia. This case report is the first one to describe the association of an endocarditis and a septic arthritis due to Av.
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PMID:[Septic arthritis as an initial manifestation of endocarditis]. 219 41

We report the case of a 75-year-old woman who developed Pasteurella multocida meningitis and septic arthritis while being treated for a cat-bite wound infection with erythromycin. Review of the literature revealed that erythromycin has poor in vitro activity against this bacterium and has been associated with serious clinical failures. We recommend that erythromycin not be prescribed for empiric therapy of established animal-bite infections. Suggestions for optimal empiric therapy of animal-bite infections and the differential diagnosis of severe cat-bite-associated sepsis are discussed.
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PMID:Erythromycin failure with subsequent Pasteurella multocida meningitis and septic arthritis in a cat-bite victim. 224 Jul 61

Urologic injuries occur in 10% of pelvic fractures and hip sepsis is a rare complication. The symptoms of a septic hip are often not as dramatic when found in the setting of an acute pelvic fracture and may be overlooked. A case is presented with a review of the literature. Early recognition and aggressive surgical debridement are important to prevent the long-term sequelae of septic arthritis.
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PMID:Septic hip in pelvic fracture with urologic trauma: case report. 225 82


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