Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-two patients with refractory solid tumors or lymphoma were treated with a single course of high-dose cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg intravenously [IV] over 2 days) whereas three patients received two courses each. Marrow infusion was not used. In the 22 courses evaluable for tumor response there were 14 responses (64%) of which 11 were partial responses (PR) (50%) and three complete responses (CR) (14%). In the 12 evaluable courses given in patients with lymphoid malignancies a partial response was obtained in seven (58%) and complete response in two (17%) for an overall response rate of 75%. The median duration of response was short: 2 months (range, 1-12 months). Twenty-seven courses were evaluable for toxicity. All patients had nadir polymorphonuclear leukocytes counts less than 500/mm3 with median time to recovery to a level greater than 500/mm3 of 9 days (range, 6-21 days). The median nadir platelet count was 30,000/mm3. One patient had prolonged thrombocytopenia of 225 days. There were two toxic deaths related to leukopenia, one secondary to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and the second from probable sepsis and cholecystitis. Nineteen patients had previously received cyclophosphamide in standard doses. In the patients with lymphoid malignancies who had previously received cyclophosphamide, 22% achieved a CR with an overall response rate of 78%. High-dose cyclophosphamide may be given with acceptable toxicity in heavily pretreated patients. Given the short response duration in patients with progressive disease, the optimal results of such high-dose cyclophosphamide may be achieved when it is employed earlier in the natural history of the disease in conjunction with other alkylators, or as consolidation therapy.
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PMID:High-dose cyclophosphamide in the treatment of refractory lymphomas and solid tumor malignancies. 291 Apr 31

This retrospective hospital study concerns 159 infectious episodes observed in 60 patients with chronic lymphoid leukaemia (CLL) staged A, B or C on first admission. The most frequent site of infection was pulmonary (33%), followed by ENT and stomatological infections (15%), septicaemia (9%), urinary and genital tracts infections (9%), herpes virus infections (9%), skin and soft tissue purulent sepsis (8%), digestive tract (3%) and meningeal (1%) infections and isolated fever (8%). Seventy nine bacteria were isolated, including 35 Gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus spp. 12, Streptococcus spp. 13, D. pneumoniae 5, Enterococcus spp. 5), 43 Gram-negative bacilli (Enterobacteriaceae 36, Pseudomonas spp. 5, Haemophilus influenzae 2) and 1 M. tuberculosis. The other documented infections were: candidiasis 11, viral infections 19 (including 17 of the herpes group) and 2 parasitoses (1 pneumocystosis, 1 toxoplasmosis). Sixteen patients died of toxic -infectious shock (9 cases, including 1 meningitis) or pneumonia (7 cases, including one chicken-pox). Stage C leukaemia and granulopenia (less than 1 X 10(9) PN/l) were associated with significantly more frequent and severe infections.
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PMID:[Severe infections associated with chronic lymphoid leukemia. 159 infectious episodes in 60 patients]. 294 30

The effect of immunomodulating therapy of adjuvant disease in rats with cyclophosphamide, prodigiozan and their combinations on infection resistance, weight of the lymphoid organs and leukocyte counts in peripheral blood, as well as the effect of prodigiozan on acute toxicity of cyclophosphamide in intact mice and mice exposed to the Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was studied. Prodigiozan did not increase acute toxicity of cyclophosphamide in the intact mice. It lowered the cyclophosphamide toxicity at the background of the FCA and decreased the levels of leukopenia induced by the immunosuppressor in the rats with adjuvant arthritis. It was shown on the models of local infectious inflammation caused by Proteus and lethal sepsis due to P. aeruginosa that the combined use of prodigiozan and cyclophosphamide resulted in correction of the infection resistance impairment induced by both the arthritis development and the immunosuppressor administration.
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PMID:[Immunomodulating therapy of adjuvant disease in rats using cyclophosphamide in combination with prodigiozan--its effect on anti-infectious resistance]. 305 3

Several observations indicate that smooth (S) and rough (R) Salmonella strains display the capacity to spontaneously adhere to lymphoid cell membrane. Such a phenomenon is confined to T lymphocytes and affects both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. As far as receptor structures on lymphocytes surface are concerned, the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the bacterial cell wall play a key role in human and murine cytoadherence. In addition, evidence has been provided that LPS of gut flora induce bacterial binding as assessed by the evaluation of cyto-adherence at different anatomical sites. Interestingly, cells mediating nonspecific immune responses are not involved in the bacterial binding, since the unbound fraction is highly enriched for cytotoxic and T helper cells. The in vivo occurrence of binding in typhoid fever patients suggests that this activity may represent an earlier event during the course of infection. These findings are also supported by the demonstration that chemotherapeutic treatment abolished bacterial binding in both vitro and in vivo systems. Finally, the production of lymphokines following bacterial stimulation points out the importance of bacterial/immune system interaction in the development of immune response during gram-negative sepsis.
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PMID:Interactions of lymphocytes with bacterial antigens. 306 45

A 61-year-old women developed progressive neurologic deficits and died with pneumonia and septicemia. An autopsy demonstrated the characteristic intravascular and focal perivascular infiltrate of malignant angioendotheliomatosis (MAE) throughout the body but concentrated in the central nervous system and skin. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells lacked evidence of endothelial differentiation. Immunohistochemical studies showed focal staining for Factor VIII-related antigen, probably on a nonspecific basis, negative staining for Ulex europaeus I lectin (an endothelial cell marker), and intense staining for leukocyte common antigen. The authors' observations provide evidence that at least some examples of MAE are unusual, angiotropic lymphoid neoplasms.
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PMID:Malignant angioendotheliomatosis. An angiotropic lymphoma? 315 8

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a macrophage secretory protein produced by peripheral blood monocytes from patients with cancer, has been shown to possess cytotoxicity toward tumor cells in vitro. TNF in the blood of individuals with cancer is usually not detectable except with extremely sensitive radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. We have encountered two patients with the rare syndrome of extensive bone marrow necrosis in association with cancer. The first patient presented with marrow failure secondary to necrosis and was found to have adenocarcinoma in thoracic lymph nodes, lung, and marrow lymphatics at autopsy. Plasma tested at two dilutions (1:200 and 1:2,000) contained TNF at a concentration of 8.3 ng/ml, or 80 U/ml by a cytotoxicity assay using LM cells. The presence of TNF was confirmed with immunoblotting. The second patient had a poorly differentiated lymphoid tumor involving bone marrow, pancytopenia, and marrow necrosis. The plasma cytotoxicity assay indicated the presence of 0.7 ng/ml or 7 U/ml TNF. TNF was not detectable in plasma from six other patients with untreated cancer involving bone or bone marrow using either of our methods. The levels of TNF in the two patients with marrow necrosis were greater than those previously measured by others in patients with cancer but were comparable to those noted in patients with lethal sepsis. Since large doses of TNF have been shown to cause organ necrosis in animals, the data presented here are consistent with TNF involvement in mediating the observed marrow necrosis in our patients.
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PMID:Extensive bone marrow necrosis in patients with cancer and tumor necrosis factor activity in plasma. 318 18

Therapeutic efficacy of lincomycin used alone and in combination with inactivated staphylococcal vaccine and the effect of these agents on synthesis of antibodies and their content in blood serum were investigated. Lincomycin was shown to inhibit septic processes in the host. After its administration the number of the pathogens in the blood and organs markedly decreased. At the same time, lincomycin lowered antibody synthesis in the lymphoid organs and the content of alpha-antitoxins in blood serum. The use of lincomycin in combination with inactivated staphylococcal vaccine promoted an increase in the number of the antibody forming cells in the spleen and lymph nodes and the content of the antibodies to the staphylococcal alpha-toxin in blood serum of the animals with staphylococcal sepsis.
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PMID:[Effect of lincomycin and staphylococcal vaccine on the course of experimental staphylococcal sepsis]. 321 14

To determine whether immunosuppression by total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) slowed deterioration of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), functional impairment score and blood lymphocyte counts were compared at 6-month intervals through 4 years following treatment of MS patients by either TLI (n = 27) or sham irradiation (n = 21). At each interval, 20 to 30% fewer TLI-treated patients had deteriorated (p less than 0.05 at 6, 12, and 18 months), and the difference in mean functional impairment score between groups became progressively greater (p less than 0.01 at 42 and 48 months). Benefit accrued principally to the 17 TLI-treated patients with absolute blood lymphocyte counts less than 900/mm3 3 months after treatment, whose mean functional impairment score remained within 0.6 units of baseline (p = NS), whereas the ten TLI patients with higher post-treatment lymphocyte counts had progressive deterioration (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.001 versus TLI-treated patients with lower lymphocyte counts at all intervals except 30 months) and had deteriorated by more than 5 functional scale units by 42 and 48 months. Side effects were minor and complications rare in TLI-treated patients, but one TLI-treated patient developed staphylococcal sepsis. Thus, TLI slows deterioration of chronic progressive MS, with what appears to be enduring benefit through 4 years compartmented to patients with greater induced lymphopenia. Modification of lymphoid irradiation regimens to increase the proportion of MS patients who achieve a favorable degree of lymphopenia and to avert functional hyposplenism may further improve the benefit/risk ratio.
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PMID:Effect of total lymphoid irradiation on functional status in chronic multiple sclerosis: importance of lymphopenia early after treatment--the pros. 329 Jul 13

The effect of high-dose cyclophosphamide (Cy), either alone or in combination with irradiation, upon the development of interstitial pneumonitis (IP) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was investigated in a Brown Norway rat model. The parameters that were examined included ventilation rate, mortality, and histopathology. No damage to the lungs was observed in rats given Cy alone in supralethal dosages plus BMT, and mortality resulted from severe aplasia of hemopoietic and lymphoid tissues with multifocal hemorrhages, secondary infections, and sepsis. Two separate periods of mortality were observed within the first 180 days following whole thorax irradiation with a high dose rate (HDR; 0.8 Gy/min) or a low dose rate (LDR; 0.05 Gy/min). The addition of Cy prior to irradiation resulted in an increased mortality in the first period (before day 100) in all experimental groups. The influence of Cy on mortality at 180 days however, was different for the HDR and LDR experiments. The LD50-180 after HDR irradiation, dose range 8 to 18 Gy, was not significantly altered by the addition of Cy (100 mg/kg) 1 day prior to irradiation, whereas Cy (100 mg/kg) 1 day prior to LDR irradiation, dose range: 16 to 24 Gy, caused an enhancement of radiation damage with a decrease of the LD50-180 by 1.33 Gy. The dose modification factor (DMF) was 1.07. This enhancement was no longer significant after splitting up the dose of Cy in two dosages of 50 mg/kg given on 2 consecutive days prior to irradiation with a LDR. The extrapolation of the data in this rat model to available dose-response curves on IP after BMT and radiation pneumonitis in humans, implied that non-infectious IP is a radiation pneumonitis that is only slightly enhanced by Cy.
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PMID:Lung damage following bone marrow transplantation: II. The contribution of cyclophosphamide. 330 44

In 200 albino rats pathomorphological changes of different organs were studied during experimental staphylococcal sepsis (from 3 to 45 days of the disease), caused by intramuscular injection of 0.15-0.20 ml suspension of microbes (10(15) per ml) in 10% CaCl2 solution. Local piemic focus occurred first, followed by bacteremia and generalized sepsis manifest with secondary piemic foci in the viscera. In the cytologic imprints early stages of piemic metastatic focus formation in liver, kidneys and other organs were demonstrated. Microcirculatory, dystrophic changes, as well as lymphoid system suppression were revealed. The authors come to the conclusion that all the signs are similar to general morphologic criteria of sepsis in humans.
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PMID:[Morphological changes in the internal organs in experimental staphylococcal sepsis]. 356 53


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