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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of clinical and laboratory studies on the use of augmentin in severe purulent complications after neurosurgical operations are presented. The laboratory studies carried out with the use of an automatic system Cobas Bact (Roch) showed that the numbers of the augmentin resistant strains of Staphylococcus and Enterobacteriaceae among the pathogens were 47 and an average of 64.5%, respectively. Gram-negative bacteria resistant to augmentin were 1.5 to 2 times less frequent than those resistant to amoxycillin. Still, they were much more frequent than those resistant to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. Clinical efficacy of augmentin was studied in treatment of 39 patients with various affections of the brain such as tumors, trauma, vascular malformations and inflammatory processes. The postoperative complications were represented by meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis and their associations. The use of augmentin in the severe intra- and extracranial complications was favourable in 82.1% of the cases.
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PMID:[The efficacy of Augmentin in suppurative complications in neurosurgery]. 144 63

This study examines nutritional status and clinical outcomes, including pressure ulcers and death in 40 chronically tube-fed long-term care patients. Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary data were collected over a 3-month period, with follow-up of mortality at 1 year. Subjects' functional and cognitive status was generally poor. Adequate calories and protein were provided, with sample means exceeding standard means for energy, protein and micronutrients. Still, subjects showed weight loss and severe depletion of lean and fat body mass. Mean serum protein and micronutrient status measures were in the low normal range. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum zinc and carotenoid levels were below normal in a sizable proportion of patients. Pressure ulcers were present in 65% of patients. Weight loss was associated with longer time on tube feeding and more pressure ulcers. Negative correlations with ulcer number were observed for cholesterol, albumin, zinc, retinol, alpha-tocopherol and iron. This study shows that despite administration of apparently adequate formula, micronutrient deficiencies and marasmic malnutrition exist in chronically ill patients. Causes may include the combined effects of chronic disease, sepsis, immobility, and severe neurologic deficits. Clinical outcomes may be expressions of an organism-wide diminution of protein synthesis, the cause of which is unknown. For clinical management, serial measures of weight, albumin, cholesterol, hemoglobin and hematocrit are recommended. Future research must address the many subsets of the population of chronically tube-fed patients.
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PMID:Prolonged tube feeding in long-term care: nutritional status and clinical outcomes. 161 83

Eremomycin is a novel antibacterial antibiotic. It was isolated at the Institute of New Antibiotics, the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences from the culture fluid of actinomycete INA-238. By its physico-chemical and biological properties the antibiotic was classified as belonging to the group of polycyclic glycopeptides. Chemical structure of eremomycin was asserted and it was shown to be a new representative of the group close by its structure to vancomycin and differing from it by the carbohydrate composition and structure of tri-phenoxytriaminotricarboxylic acid. By its anti-bacterial spectrum eremomycin was found to be close to ristomycin and vancomycin. Still, its activity was 2-10 times higher. The antibiotic was several times less toxic than vancomycin. Unlike vancomycin and ristomycin, the novel antibiotic induced no tissue necrosis after its intramuscular administration. The chemotherapeutic indices of eremomycin in treatment of staphylococcal and streptococcal sepsis in albino mice exceeded 10 times those of vancomycin. At present eremomycin is under clinical trials.
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PMID:[Eremomycin--a new antibiotic of the polycyclic glycopeptide group]. 274 19

In vitro antibacterial activity of amikacin against 250 strains of various microorganisms was studied. It was shown that the antibiotic had a broad antibacterial spectrum and was active against gentamicin and sisomicin resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas. By the antibacterial spectrum amikacin was close to kanamycin. Still it differed from kanamycin by activity against P. aeruginosa. By the specific activity gentamicin and sisomicin were superior to amikacin. However, since amikacin was active against gentamicin resistant strains of various microorganisms it was considered advisable to use it as a reserve antibiotic in treatment of infections caused by such strains. High in vivo efficacy of amikacin was shown in experimental sepsis of albino mice due to staphylococci and gramnegative bacteria sensitive to the aminoglycosides and P. aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin and sisomicin.
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PMID:[Experimental study of the antibacterial activity and chemotherapeutic effectiveness of amikacin sulfate]. 409 15

The effect of tobramycin and polyvalent corpuscular Ps. aeruginosa vaccine on the infectious process in mice with grade III burns inoculated with Ps. aeruginosa 1312 was studied. The highest percentage of the survival (100 per cent) among the animals was observed, when the vaccine was applied locally every day for 7 days. With the use of tobramycin administered intramuscularly for 2 times 95 per cent of the animals survived. When the vaccine was administered subcutaneously, 96.6 per cent of the animals survived. Morphological investigation of the organs and tissues of the mice showed that the vaccine applications to the infected burns promoted rapid elimination of microorganisms in the wounds and prevented development of sepsis due to Ps. aeruginosa. At the same time early epithelization of the wounds was observed (by the 4th-7th day). Intramuscular injections of tobramycin and subcutaneous injection of vaccine also prevented development of sepsis due to Ps. aeruginosa and protected the animals from death. Still no epithelization of the wounds by that period was observed. Microscopic examinations revealed necrosis of the epiderma and derma elements and microbial swarms on the skin surface.
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PMID:[Morphological study of the organs and tissues of mice infected after a burn with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain and treated with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa polyvalent corpuscular vaccine and tobramycin]. 641 Sep 85

The number of various chemotherapeutics including antibiotics used in combined treatment of patients with various infectious diseases is rather significant. Recently some new valuable drugs have been recommended. Still, in spite of definite achievements in treatment of patients with infectious diseases there are some difficulties and problems mainly connected with therapy of patients with sepsis, chronic typhoid fever bacterial carriers and some other patients.
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PMID:[Modern antibiotics in the clinical picture of infectious diseases]. 740 73

Still in shock from sepsis, biotechnology now has to face healthcare Clinton-style. But research in biotechnology is on the increase as its products surge towards the markets.
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PMID:A window of opportunity. 841 33

Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood is an inheritable disorder of phagocytic cell respiratory burst resulting in recurrent, life-threatening, catalase-positive infections. The lung is the most common site of infection, and pulmonary disease is the primary cause of death in greater than 50% of children with chronic granulomatous disease. Still, the role of surgery in management of this disease remains undefined. Between 1974 and 1990, 19 patients with chronic granulomatous disease required 31 thoracic interventions at our institution. Patients ranged in age from 2.5 to 27 years (mean age, 15 years). Seventeen of 19 patients (89%) had had previous pulmonary infections. Patients presented as toxic (temperature > 38.5 degrees C, chest pain, and cough) in 22 instances before the 31 procedures. Aggressive surgical intervention for diagnosis and extirpation of localized infections was undertaken with lobectomy/pneumonectomy with or without other procedures (5), bisegmentectomy (2), segmentectomy with or without other procedures (5), or wedge with or without other procedures (13). In five instances, an empyema was drained; a chest tube for a sterile collection was placed in one instance. There was one intraoperative death, and 3 patients died 22 to 600 days postoperatively with overwhelming sepsis. The mean hospitalization was 101 days (range, 24 to 600 days). Wound complications occurred in 5 patients, requiring 17 separate anesthetic debridements. A change in therapy was dictated by the results of the procedure in 23 of 31 instances (74%). Thoracic surgeons must be aware of this rare cause of immunosuppression in these children and, due to the unusual nature of the pulmonary infections, should follow an aggressive approach in their diagnosis and management.
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PMID:Surgical management of pulmonary infections in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. 846 36

In the sequelae of massive traumatic stress, substantial impairment of immunologic reactivity has been demonstrated to correlate clinically with increased susceptibility to serious infection. Posttraumatic immune abnormalities consist basically of two coexistent mechanisms: Hyperinflammation and depression of cell-mediated immune responses. It is our understanding that the endogenous ability of the organism to survive overwhelming trauma is insufficient and requires exogenous support to prevent the conversion from systemic inflammatory response syndrome to bacterial sepsis and septic shock. The objectives of immunomodulatory interventions, which should be started as early as possible after tissue destruction, include a) prevention of excessive macrophage stimulation via neutralization of circulating endotoxins and exotoxins with high doses of polyvalent immunoglobulin and soluble complement receptors, b) global short-term (<72 hrs) down-regulation of inflammatory monocyte/macrophage and polymorphonuclear neutrophil activity, and c) restoration of cell-mediated immune performance to overcome posttraumatic functional paralysis. Among recent promising strategies, the use of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, pentoxifylline, and recombinant human interleukin-13 has been suggested, all of them predominantly down-regulating the Mphi (monocyte/macrophage) inflammatory potential. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as indomethacin and thymomimetic peptides can help normalize the immunoreactivity by restoring the forward-regulatory pathway of cell-mediated immunity responses. The efficacy of interferon to reduce infection and deaths in severely injured patients has been assessed in clinical trials. Still other compounds, i.e., CNI-1493, interleukin-11, tissue factor pathway inhibitors, and PGG-Glucan represent auspicious immunomodulatory approaches for control of posttraumatic or postoperative infections.
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PMID:Therapeutic immunomodulatory approaches for the control of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the prevention of sepsis. 965 18

VB is an osteosynthesis system for the stabilisation of small fragments, which combines the benefits of both wires and screws. It is a modular system comprising a threaded pin and a ring. The threaded pin is first positioned. Then a ring is grasped and opened by the progressive angulation of a screwdriver. Still anchored on the screwdriver, the ring slides easily on the pin. It is clamped on the pin by simply removing the screwdriver and the pin is then cut. This modular system includes 1.8 and 1.1 mm pins and different types of rings (threaded or non threaded, with or without collars). The system is easy to handle and can be introduced using an open or percutaneous technique, allowing compression or distraction. Our preliminary series, performed in accordance with National clinical trial protocol (Huriet) consisted of 50 cases in 24 patients (five women and 19 men) with an average age of 48 years, and a follow-up of more than six months. Fourteen cases of fractures (28 implants) were treated as emergencies (two radial heads, one capitellum, one trochlea of the humerus, seven distal radius fractures, one trapezium, two metacarpals) and 12 cases (22 implants) were elective cases: arthrodesis (one trapezo-metacarpal, one intermetacarpal, two interphalangeal, two carpal), non-union (six scaphoids, one phalangeal) and one phalangeal malunion. Hardware removal was performed in 16 cases. No implant failure has been detected. One case, a DIP arthrodesis, had a suspicion of sepsis which led to the removal of the implants at six weeks. The results of this study have convinced us of the merits of the system, which combines the advantages of both wires and screws. The system allows the user to perform either distraction or compression, and to adjust the force by hand. Compared to the fixed amount of compression produced by lag screws, this feature seems to be a real step forward.
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PMID:[The VB system: a new modular osteosynthesis material involving both screws and wires]. 1188 83


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