Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma fibronectin (PFN) is a high molecular weight adhesive glycoprotein. Following trauma or sepsis PFN is acutely depleted, with rapid restoration of normal or supranormal levels after 24 to 48 hours. Cecal ligation with perforation provides an animal model of surgical trauma combined with polymicrobial sepsis. The present study examines whether this PFN level restoration 6 to 24 hours postoperatively is associated with de novo PFN synthesis and how this response is altered by pre-existing protein-calorie deprivation. Thirty-six adult male rats were divided into four groups: I--Controls, II--Prefasted Controls, III--Ligated, IV--Prefasted and Ligated. Control and experimental groups received intracardiac 35S-methionine 2 hours postoperatively. Plasma fibronectin (PFN) levels, PFN specific activity, plasma total protein, and total protein specific activity were determined at 0, 6, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. Ligated rats (Groups III & IV) demonstrated significant PFN level increases 24 to 48 hours postoperatively (p less than 0.01-0.05). Despite a significant preoperative PFN level depression in prefasted rats (Groups II & IV), the 24-48 hours response to cecal ligation was not significantly altered. PFN specific activity was significantly increased among the operative groups 6 hours postoperatively, demonstrating de novo PFN synthesis following cecal ligation and perforation.
 ...
PMID:Plasma fibronectin response to sepsis: mobilization or synthesis? 648 33

Two siblings with delayed separation of the umbilical cord, recurrent skin ulceration and dental sepsis were shown to have defective neutrophil phagocytosis of opsonized yeast (S. cerevisiae) and respiratory burst to opsonized and unopsonized zymosan. Increased activity in the NBT reduction test, normal ingestion and killing of S. aureus, and normal spontaneous and directional motility were also demonstrated. These abnormalities of neutrophil phagocytosis were confined to the affected siblings; their healthy parents and brother showed normal neutrophil function. Both children had a polymorph neutrophil leucocytosis, and had normal humoral and cell-mediated immunity. SDS electrophoresis of neutrophil cell membrane preparations showed absence of a glycoprotein band of 175,000 daltons, which was present in the parents' neutrophils in reduced amounts. OKMI monoclonal antibody, which recognized the C3bi receptor (CR3) failed to bind to the affected siblings neutrophils. The findings in these children emphasize the importance of this receptor in phagocytosis, and possibly other neutrophil functions.
 ...
PMID:Familial defect of polymorph neutrophil phagocytosis associated with absence of a surface glycoprotein antigen (OKMI). 659 65

Fibronectin is a large opsonic glycoprotein which promotes reticuloendothelial system clearance of bacteria, immune complexes, collagenous debris, and damaged platelets. The concentration of plasma fibronectin is decreased in the newborn infant; however, the role of fibronectin in the onset and course of neonatal sepsis is unknown. Serial plasma fibronectin levels were determined in 19 neonates with documented bacterial sepsis. Plasma fibronectin concentrations decreased significantly (P less than .001) in all study infants concurrent with the development of septicemia. Recovery of plasma fibronectin to normal levels occurred by day 5 in premature neonates and by days 7 to 10 in term neonates. Fibronectin deficiency and resultant reticuloendothelial system impairment may decrease the ability of newborn infants to resist or clear bacterial infections. An acute reduction in the concentration of plasma fibronectin may be a valuable marker for neonatal sepsis.
 ...
PMID:Decreased plasma fibronectin in neonatal sepsis. 664 31

Various parameters of fibrinolysis inhibition and the plasma concentration of fibronectin (alpha 2-surface binding glycoprotein, cold insoluble globulin) were measured in patients at risk of developing acute progressive respiratory sufficiency following trauma or sepsis - the delayed microembolism syndrome (DMS). Most parameters measuring fibrinolysis inhibition were significantly higher in the five patients with DMS than in five patients who did not develop the syndrome. Thus, the primary fibrinolysis inhibitor (alpha 2-antiplasmin) was enhanced and the alpha-form of this inhibitor, with affinity to plasminogen, showed the greatest increment and might be of major importance for the delayed elimination of fibrin from the lungs occurring in these patients. The fibronectin concentrations were not lower in patients with DMS than in those who did not develop the syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Fibrinolysis inhibition and fibronectin in the blood in patients with the delayed microembolism syndrome. 664 94

Plasma fibronectin is a large molecular weight glycoprotein which may have both opsonic and structural adhesive roles. Fibronectin deficiency has been documented in patients especially early after trauma or burn as well as during sepsis following injury. In this study, the disappearance of fibronectin from the blood was studied in rats utilizing plasma fibronectin metabolically labelled with 75Se-selenomethionine. After injection of 75Se-selenomethionine, the maximum specific activity of endogenously labelled plasma fibronectin, the observed at 4 hours. Thereafter, it declined in a non-monoexponential fashion in association with depletion of the precursor. Labelled 75Se fibronectin was purified from donor rat plasma by gelatin-sepharose affinity chromatography. It retained its electrophoretic mobility, gelatin adherence, and opsonic activity similar to that of unlabelled plasma fibronectin. Following intravenous injection of 75Se plasma fibronectin, its disappearance from plasma manifested two phases. The first was an initial fast disappearance of a small amount of fibronectin, reflecting distribution between plasma and interstitial compartments. The second was a slower disappearance phase with a half-time (T 1/2) of at least 15 hours. Infusion of gelatin-coated particles, which are rapidly cleared by RE cells in the liver and spleen, enhanced the disappearance of 75Se fibronectin from the plasma. These data suggest that the normal rate of fibronectin disappearance from the vascular space is quite fast. Utilization of this experimental approach may provide valuable data on fibronectin kinetics as influenced by trauma and burn.
 ...
PMID:Clearance from the vascular compartment of endogenously labelled plasma fibronectin. 669 47

Fibronectin, a structural glycoprotein on cell surfaces, appears in significant concentrations too in human blood plasma. Fibronectin influences cell interactions and cell growth and is an essential part of the extracellular matrix. The following review summarizes the biochemistry and function of fibronectin--or rather of fibronectins, bearing in mind the difference in protein structure between plasma fibronectin and cell surface fibronectin. Fibronectin is identical with one opsonin (alpha 2-opsonic glycoprotein). During shock and septicemia it undergoes a marked decrease. The diminished concentration in the plasma indicates a reduced function of the reticulo-endothelial system. A report is given on initial substitution trials.
 ...
PMID:[The significance of structural glycoproteins, demonstrated by the example of the fibronectins. Biochemical principles and clinical use]. 675 88

Progressive multiple organ failure in association with septic complications in the surgical, trauma and burn patient is of major clinical importance. Reticuloendothelial system host defense mechanisms are abnormal following severe trauma and burn. Failure in systemic host defense is, in part, mediated by a deficiency in a circulating opsonic alpha 2 surface binding (SB) glycoprotein. This opsonic deficiency and reticuloendothelial host defense failure appears etiologic in the genesis of organ failure with sepsis. Opsonic alpha 2SB glycoprotein is identical to cold-insoluble globulin or plasma fibronectin. Plasma fibronectin is antigenically related to cell surface fibronectin which appears to be synthesized by both fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. Although these two proteins are antigenically related, they may or may not be identical with respect to biochemical properties and function. Cell surface fibronectin appears to be an adhesive glycoprotein mediating cell-cell interaction and cell adhesion to a substratum. Plasma fibronectin is a more soluble form which mediates reticuloendothelial or macrophage clearance of particulates such as fibrin microaggregates, collagenous debris, perhaps other bacterial or nonbacterial particulates. Since opsonic glycoprotein is identical to cold-insoluble globulin which can be readily concentrated in plasma cryoprecipitate, it has been shown that cryoprecipitate infusion can reverse opsonic deficiency in the injured patient with sepsis. Reversal of opsonic deficiency by cryoprecipitate infusion results in a marked improvement in cardiopulmonary function which includes a decline in the pulmonary shunt, a decrease in the physiologic dead space, an increase in limb blood flow, an increase in reactive hyperemia of the peripheral circulation and an increase in limb oxygen consumption. This cardiopulmonary response is paralleled by a decline in the septic state and normalization of other hematologic parameters. These studies suggest an important homeostatic role for fibronectins in organ and microvascular integrity, especially in the septic injured patient. Cell surface fibronectin which participates in cell adhesion may, in part, modulate microvascular integrity, vascular permeability and would repair. In contrast, the more soluble plasma fibronectin or opsonic alpha 2SB glycoprotein may mediate reticuloendothelial clearance of blood-borne particulates to prevent pulmonary and peripheral vascular microembolization and organ injury. Thus, reversal of opsonic deficiency may be an effective modality of therapy in the septic injured patient with organ failure.
 ...
PMID:Plasma fibronectin (opsonic glycoprotein): its synthesis by vascular endothelial cells and role in cardiopulmonary integrity after trauma as related to reticuloendothelial function. 676 91

In a study of early neonatal infection, 278 babies had a blood culture and an alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP) determination. There were significant differences between the mean (+/- SEM) levels of alpha 1-AGP in infants who were noninfected (26 +/- 1.3 mg/dl, n = 244), infected (81 +/- 11 mg/dl, n = 12) and proved to have sepsis (66 +/- 10 mg/dl, n = 22). In the 'noninfected' group, alpha 1-AGP levels increased with postnatal age. Increasing levels were seen on the 1st day with both increasing gestational age (15-34 mg/dl from less than 30 to greater than or equal to 38 weeks) and birth weight (17-42 mg/dl from less than 1,000 to greater than or equal to 4,000 g), irrespective of the infant's sex. Among the sepsis group, infants who died had lower levels than those who survived (19 mg/dl vs. 90 mg/dl).
 ...
PMID:Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in the neonate with and without infection. 686 Jul 14

Cold insoluble globulin (fibronectin, alpha 2-surface binding glycoprotein) is a naturally occurring substance necessary for optimal stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system. While this globulin depends on macrophages as the effector cells for its opsonic function, as is true of both antibody and complement, it is neither part of nor dependent on these systems for its opsonic activity. A relatively simple bioassay developed at the Medical College of Georgia substantiated that cold insoluble globulin is severely depleted in sepsis. Cryoprecipitate, properly processed and stored, is an exogenous source of cold insoluble globulin. Infused into septic patients 10 units thawed at 2 degrees C and reconstituted to 250 ml with saline solution can temporarily restore cold insoluble globulin levels and enhance activity of the reticuloendothelial system. Proper current use dictates measurement of cold insoluble globulin levels in the infusate as well as levels in the patient and the clinical response to infusion. Our bioassay and a septic patient's response to infusion of cold insoluble globulin are reported herein.
 ...
PMID:Clinical response to cold insoluble globulin replacement in a patient with sepsis and thermal injury. 730 23

The rapid increase in sheep lung vascular permeability observed during Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia may be due to embolization of the pulmonary microvasculature by bloodborne particulates. Since alterations in lung microvascular permeability during mild septicemia in sheep may reflect inefficient RES phagocytic clearance of bacteria as well as products of bacterial induced intravascular coagulation, the opsonic and phagocytic aspects of RES function in sheep (30-50 kg) were compared to other species. RES function was evaluated by both the clearance and relative organ uptake of gelatinized I(131) RE test lipid emulsion and gelatinized colloidal carbon. Immunoreactive opsonic a(2)SB glycoprotein levels were determined by electroimmunoassay. The phagocytic index for RES clearance of the gelatinized (500 mg/kg) test lipid in sheep was 0.019 +/- 0.002 corresponding to a half-time of 16.65 +/- 1.74 minutes. With colloidal carbon (64 mg/kg), the phagocytic index in sheep was 0.080 +/- 0.026, corresponding to a half-time of 6.16 +/- 1.99 minutes. The per cent of injected lipid emulsion (%ID) in major RE organs, on a total organ basis (TO), was: liver = 15.69 +/- 1.65%; spleen = 2.09 +/- 0.78%. Localization in the lung = 31.39 +/- 6.2%. The per cent of carbon localized in major RE organs (%ID/TO) was: liver = 21.37 +/- 1.9%; spleen = 1.95 +/- 0.55%. Localization in the lung = 32.70 +/- 4.55%. In contrast, clearance and organ distribution of the blood-borne test microparticles in rats and dogs at the same relative challenging dose revealed a much more intense and rapid liver and spleen RES uptake with minimal lung localization (1-2%). Immunoreactive opsonic protein concentrations varied greatly with species and directly correlated with efficiency of RES function. Levels observed were: dog = 1285 +/- 135 microg/ml; mouse = 1077 +/- 67 microg/ml; rat = 400 +/- 31 microg/ml; human = 297 +/- 10 microg/ml; and sheep = 184 +/- 13 microg/ml. After intravenous particulate challenge, circulating immunoreactive opsonic protein in the sheep was depleted (p < 0.05) rapidly with partial recovery at 24 hours and mild rebound hyperopsonemia at 48 hours. This pattern is in contrast to the rapid restoration seen in dog and rat within three to six hours postchallenge. Thus, in sheep, the extensive pulmonary localization of blood-borne microparticles appears related to inefficient RES clearance function mediated by a relative deficiency of circulating opsonic protein (plasma fibronectin).
 ...
PMID:Reticuloendothelial clearance of blood-borne particulates: relevance to experimental lung microembolization and vascular injury. 736 13


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>