Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An analysis is made of 18 patients presenting with ectopic pregnancy over a 10 month period in Goroka Hospital. This condition is not uncommon, often chronic in presentation, not excluded by pyrexia, and commonly associated with anaemia. Posterior culdocentesis is a useful test to differentiate the condition from pelvic sepsis.
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PMID:Ectopic gestation in the Highlands. 453 56

Follow-up studies were carried out in 1962, 1977, and 1981 on 35% or 943 or our 2690 patients operated upon from 1950 through 1981 for lumbar disc herniation. Seven hundred and twenty-four were done with and 1848 without spinal fusion. There were 11.2% operative, 8.3% postoperative and 18.9% late complications. Sepsis occurred in 2 patients (0.2%). Thrombosis decreased from 10% in the 1950s to 4% in the 1960s and to zero in the late 1970s. Reoperations were performed in 10.8% of the fused and in 23.6% of the nonfused patients. There were no serious vascular injuries and no postoperative deaths. Serious complications from lumbar disc surgery with the patient in the knee--elbow position occur rarely and ought to be avoided. Posterior spinal fusion seems to give better protection against recurrence of pain than simple removal of the herniated disc material.
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PMID:The knee--elbow position in lumbar disc surgery: a review of complications. 667 24

The Insall-Burstein Posterior Stabilized knee prosthesis (Insall-Burstein I), developed at The Hospital for Special Surgery in 1978, has a metal-backed nonmodular tibial component. The polyethylene articular surface was directly molded. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate long-term wear with this design. The first 100 total knee arthroplasties (86 patients) performed by the senior author were followed prospectively. The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 69.7 years (range, 45-89 years). The primary diagnoses were osteoarthritis in 77 knees (66 patients), inflammatory arthritis in 17 knees (14 patients), and posttraumatic arthritis in the remaining six knees (six patients). Thirty-eight knees (35 patients) had varus angulation, 14 knees (13 patients) had valgus angulation, and 48 knees (40 patients) had a 0 degrees to 10 degrees tibiofemoral angle preoperatively. All patients were evaluated at 10 to 12 years followup. Knee Society scores and radiographs were obtained. Thirty-six knees were in 30 patients who had died and two knees were in two patients who were infirm. Telephone evaluation only was available for eight knees (seven patients), leaving 54 knees (47 patients) for direct clinical and radiographic evaluation. No patients were lost to followup. The average Knee Society clinical score at latest followup was 91.6 points. The average function score was 69 points. One knee arthroplasty failed because of tibial loosening, one failed because of patella wear and fracture, two failed because of sepsis, and two failed because of nonspecific pain. There were seven patella fractures (7%) in the 100 knees. One of the fractures resulted in a total knee revision (noted above), two resulted in patellar component revision, and another resulted in patellar component removal. The remaining three patella fractures were discovered incidentally and were asymptomatic. There were no patellar dislocations. At long-term radiographic analysis, valgus alignment averaged 6 degrees (range, 0 degrees-11 degrees). Polyethylene wear averaged 0.40 mm. There was no catastrophic wear of tibial polyethylene. Thirty-two knees in 32 patients (65%) had radiolucencies in at least one zone; no lucency filled a zone, and none was wider than 2 mm. The absence of clinically significant tibial polyethylene wear at long-term followup is of particular interest. The performance of the molded, nonmodular polyethylene articulation is encouraging and needs to be analyzed critically against the more widely used machined, modular components used today.
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PMID:Ten- to 12-year followup of the Insall-Burstein I total knee prosthesis. 1106 69

Endocrinopathy during sepsis can manifest as hyperglycemia and insulin resistance or as insufficient production of either adrenal corticosteroids or vasopressin. The results of a recent large clinical trial have demonstrated that tight glycemic control with insulin can confer survival benefit to selected intensive care unit patients. Relative impairment of adrenocortical reserve has been suggested to be an important contributor to the pathogenesis of shock in sepsis. Replacement doses of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids have been associated with improved survival in the subset of patients with blunted results on adrenocorticotropin hormone stimulation tests. Posterior pituitary production of vasopressin is diminished in septic shock while sensitivity to its vasopressor effects is enhanced. Clinical trials are underway to determine whether administration of vasopressin can improve outcomes in patients with septic shock. Whether the euthyroid sick syndrome represents an adaptive or a maladaptive response to severe illness remains unclear.
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PMID:The endocrine system during sepsis. 1548 39

Posterior paresis/paralysis in farmed mink is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, with individual farms reporting the loss of as many as 700 animals each year. Although this disease has been recognized by North American mink farmers for approximately 40 years, there are few published reports focusing on this entity. The objective of this study was to investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. Complete necropsy examinations were done on 40 clinically affected mink, ranging from 7 to 10 weeks of age, and on three normal animals in the same age range from two mink farms. Thirty-two of the 40 clinically affected animals had an isolated vertebral lesion characterized by bone lysis and proliferation that usually was centered on an intervertebral disk space in the midthoracic area. An inflammatory reaction, composed primarily of neutrophils, was present within the vertebral sections in 25 of the 40 affected animals (62.5%), and the presence of gram-positive cocci was confirmed in 8 of 10 animals (80%) in which bacterial organisms were observed histologically. Bacterial cultures from 15 affected animals yielded Streptococcus sp. from the intervertebral disk space in 13 of 15 (86.7%) animals and from heart blood in 6 of 8 (75%). A farm visit revealed no history or evidence of traumatic wounds as a source of infection in these animals, and the diet appeared to be adequate for skeletal development. We conclude that posterior paresis/paralysis in farmed mink is associated with bacterial diskospondylitis, likely occurring secondary to bacteremia/septicemia.
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PMID:Bacterial diskospondylitis associated with posterior paresis/paralysis in North American farmed mink (Mustela vison). 1575 65

We present a patient with Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES). A 74-year-old woman was admitted with sepsis, which originated from erysipelas on her neck the following day. She developed respiratory obstruction due to oedema, septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), acute renal failure and atrial fibrillation. She responded well to treatment and improved rapidly, despite of her serious condition. When she had almost fully recovered after 15 days, her general condition worsened, and she developed confusion, blindness and pareses. MRI showed vasogenic oedema in the parietooccipital regions of the brain and in the cerebellum, consistent with PRES. PRES is a clinical and radiological diagnosis consisting of headache, confusion, cortical blindness, convulsions and sometimes pareses. MRI of the cerebrum with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) map are decisive to the diagnosis, and usually shows a characteristic bilateral vasogenic oedema in the parietooccipital region. This can distinguish PRES from brain infarction, which shows a cytotoxic oedema on MRI. We discuss our patient in the light of different conditions leading to PRES, possible pathophysiological factors and treatment options.
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PMID:[An old woman with sudden pareses and blindness]. 1735 25

One hundred children with acute renal failure (ARF) were admitted in our Nephrology Unit, Maternity & Children's Hospital over a four year period. Male patients outnumbered females with a ratio of 3:2. The ages of patients ranged from 1 month to 13 years with a mean age of 3.9 years. Fifty-five were suffering from intrinsic renal factors, 32 from post-renal and 13 were due to pre-renal factors. Among the intrinsic causes: acute glomerulonephritis (27 patients) and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (15 patients) were most common. Posterior urethral valve (20 patients) was the leading cause of post-renal failure. All pre-natal failure was due to diarrheal disease. Forty patients with ARF required dialysis (23 peritoneal dialysis, 17 hemodialysis). The remaining 60 patients were treated conservatively. The outcome in our patients were as follows; 60% cured, 29% continued to have variable degrees of renal failure and only 11% died. The latter was due to sepsis and cardiorespiratory failure.
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PMID:Etiology, presentation and management of acute renal failure in Saudi children. 1758 54

Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were intraperitoneally challenged with the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri (the causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish), and the expression of genes presumed to function in the inducible innate defense was evaluated. End-binding protein 1 (EB1), beta1-integrin, natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp), heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), serum amyloid P (SAP), and transferrin gene expression profiles were determined using quantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on liver, anterior kidney, spleen, and gut. Fish were subsampled at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after bacterial or phosphate-buffered-saline injection. Posterior kidney sampling demonstrated increasing bacterial counts at 24-48 h postinjection (hpi), followed by a plateau to 96 hpi. The transferrin and SAP transcripts were liver specific. The other genes were expressed in all four tissues. In bacterially infected fish, expression of EB1 (anterior kidney, spleen, and liver), Hsp70 (anterior kidney and spleen), and Nramp (spleen and gut) significantly increased by 48 hpi. Transferrin was strongly up-regulated and SAP was downregulated by 72 hpi, indicating positive and negative acute-phase reactants, respectively. The data indicate a substantial response of innate immunity effector cells by 48 hpi, followed by suppression of bacterial growth and induction of the acute-phase response. This suggests that the 48-72-hpi time frame is critical in our model for evaluating the effectiveness of innate defenses.
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PMID:Expression analysis of selected immune-relevant genes in channel catfish during Edwardsiella ictaluri infection. 1948 23

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an uncommon but well-known complication after transplantation diagnosed by characteristic radiological features. As limited data on this complex syndrome exist we sought to better define the incidence, clinical presentation and risk factors for PRES in liver transplant (LTx) patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1923 adult LTx recipients transplanted between 2000 and 2010. PRES was diagnosed radiologically in 19 patients (1%), with 84% of cases occurring within 3 months post-LTX. We compared this cohort of PRES patients to 316 other LTx recipients also requiring radiographic imaging within 3 months after LTx for neurological symptoms. Seizure was the most common clinical manifestation in the PRES group (88% vs. 16%, p< 0.001) and 31% had an intracranial hemorrhage. Those with hemorrhage on imaging were more likely to be coagulopathic. PRES patients were significantly more likely to have had alcoholic liver disease and infection/sepsis. These factors may be related to a common pathway of vascular dysregulation/damage that appears to characterize this complex syndrome. Intracranial bleeding and seizures may be the end result of these phenomena. The relationship of these associated factors to the hypothesized pathophysiology of PRES is discussed.
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PMID:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in liver transplant patients: clinical presentation, risk factors and initial management. 2249 36

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical and radiological entity. It associates, to varying extents, neurological symptoms such as headaches, confusion, seizures and visual alterations from haemianopsia to cortical blindness. The diagnosis relies on brain MRI, showing signs of subcortical and cortical oedema in the posterior regions of the brain, with hypersignals in T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) or diffusion sequences. With early diagnosis and control of the causal factors, the symptoms and radiological signs can be - as the name implies - totally regressive. PRES can be caused by various heterogeneous factors, such as hypertension, side effect of drug therapies, eclampsia, sepsis or autoimmune diseases. The authors report here the case of an 86-year-old woman, presenting totally regressive cortical blindness and seizures, with compatible imaging.
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PMID:Cortical blindness and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in an older patient. 2266 15


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