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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neonatal outcome of 178 low birth weight (LBW) babies in this study was associated with 26.4% neonatal mortality. A significantly higher mortality rate was noted in presence of adverse maternal factors, birth weight less than 1.5 kg, prematurity and respiratory distress at birth. Premature rupture of membranes and leaking (greater than 12 h) were recorded in 75 cases. Significant association was observed for septicemia. Maternal postpartum weight less than 40 kg was associated with higher incidence of neonatal infections than when mother's weight was greater than 45 kg.
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PMID:Outcome of low birth weight babies with special reference to some maternal factors. 263 Apr 55

Twenty-six hips in 21 patients were available at mean follow up of 5 years in a retrospective functional and radiographic analysis for the purpose of examining the late effects of infantile septic arthritis. Poor results after reconstructive efforts following hips joint sepsis suggest help classification of bony deformation. Epidemiologic and clinical findings were analysed. Late diagnosis and prematurity were found as poor forecast facts.
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PMID:[Osteoarthritis of the hip in children. Proposal for a classification of sequelae guiding therapeutic indications]. 279 6

The course of gestation and the outcome of fifteen triplet and six quadruplet pregnancies are reviewed. Twenty pregnancies followed induction of ovulation and only one was spontaneous. Bed rest, the use of beta-mimetics and betamethasone, and prolonged hospitalisation were part of the management. Elective cervical suture was not used. The most frequent antenatal complications were preterm labor, preterm rupture of membranes and pregnancy-induced hypertension. The median gestational age was 33.5 weeks in the triplets and 32 weeks in the quadruplets. The overall perinatal and neonatal mortality was 4.9%. The neonatal complications resulted from prematurity and sepsis.
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PMID:Management and outcome of 21 triplet and quadruplet pregnancies. 280 8

A 1 year follow-up study of 289 low birth weight infants (LBW) was carried out during 1984-85 in slums of Bombay: 151 were males and 138 were females. 52.9% of babies had birth weight less than 2.5 kg. Male children suffered 9.7 and females 8.6 episodes of sickness per year. Annual mean episodes of illness were: diarrhea 3.2, cough 5.3, and fever 4.8. Upper respiratory tract infection was considered fever. 98.6% breast fed successfully in the 1st week keeping it up for 2 months. Of 209 mothers, 88.5% had weaned their babies before 6 months. Commercial formula was used by only 1 mother whose baby had gastroenteritis and dies. Of 289 infants, bottle feeding was done in only 3 cases. Feeding with bowl and spoon was done in 71.3% of infants, 27.7% were not weaned at all with breastfeeding lasting 1 year. Most babies lost weight around the 7th and 8th months of life along with maximum episodes of sickness. Babies below 2 kg showed accelerated growth after weaning, and achieved grade I nutritional status. 2.7 to 3 kg weight babies failed to show any gain from the 5th month, thus advanced to 3rd grade malnutrition. 6 deaths occurred, 4 of which had birth weights less than 2 kg. 2 babies died of gastroenteritis and septicemia during the 4th and 5th month. Mortality in babies born less than 2 kg was 44.4% and above 2 kg birth weight was less that 1%. The infant mortality rate (IMR) was 38/1000 live births vs. the national range of 39-177. Prematurity caused 1.2% of deaths. Antenatal care, detection of at risk pregnancies, proper feeding and weaning practices, and complete immunization coverage can help reduce IMR in slums, and the goal of a rate below 60 by the year 2000 is feasible.
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PMID:Care of low birth weight babies in slums. 280 50

A 20-month experience of mechanical ventilation (MV) in the newborn infants (birth weight greater than or equal to 1500 g) from a developing country is described. A total of 41 neonates (4.1% of total admissions to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) were treated with MV. The mode of MV was intermittent positive pressure ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure via nasotracheal intubation. The mean birth weight and gestational age were 2544 g and 36.2 weeks, respectively. The mean age at the start of MV was 141 h and the mean duration was 54 h. The indications for MV were respiratory distress syndrome (18), aspiration pneumonia (8), non-aspiration pneumonia (6), apnoea (8) and tetanus neonatorum (1). The complications encountered during MV were sepsis (26.8%), pulmonary haemorrhage (21.9%), congestive heart failure (17.1%), pneumothorax (14.6%) and intraventricular haemorrhage (7.3%). Post-extubation atelectasis was observed in 29.6% of cases. The overall survival rate was 43.9%. The risk factors for a poor outcome were birth weight less than 2000 g, prematurity and late referrals to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
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PMID:Mechanical ventilation in newborn infants. 284 22

The rate of retrolental fibroplasia in relation to prenatal and neonatal characteristics was explored on the basis of a cohort of 3,025 neonates with birth weight less than 1,750 g. The overall rate of retrolental fibroplasia of any degree at hospital discharge was 11%, varying from 43% for those with birth weight between 500 and 749 g to 3% for those in the 1,500- to 1,750-g category. Among the potential determinants, the main interest was in nonhyperoxic characteristics, conditional on measures of prematurity and oxygen supplementation. Maternal diabetes and antihistamine use during the last 2 weeks of pregnancy were associated with significantly higher rates of retrolental fibroplasia, whereas toxemia was associated with lower rates. Frequent apneic spells, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and sepsis in the neonate were also associated with significantly higher rates. On the other hand, the data indicate no independent role of low Apgar score, intraventricular hemorrhage, exchange transfusion, patent ductus arteriosus, or certain other characteristics previously postulated as risk factors.
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PMID:Risk factors for retrolental fibroplasia: experience with 3,025 premature infants. National Collaborative Study on Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants. 286 4

Primary tissue closure of gastroschisis remains controversial. Some surgeons routinely place a silicone rubber sheet silo over the exposed bowel, planning a staged closure. In the past 14 1/2 years, we have cared for 106 newborns with gastroschisis, closing the defect primarily in 80%. The success of this technique depends on enlarging the abdominal cavity and decreasing the volume of bowel that must be replaced in the peritoneal cavity. Thorough preoperative rectal irrigation should evacuate all meconium. After undermining the skin around the abdominal wall defect for only 1 cm, a midline subcutaneous fasciotomy is created from the xiphoid to the pubis. The abdominal wall is then stretched in all quadrants beginning at the flanks. The eviscerated small bowel can often be returned without enlarging the initial skin defect. The skin is closed with subcuticular absorbable sutures reinforced by long skin tapes. The small ventral hernia that results is closed at about 1 year of age. Fascia could be closed primarily in 28% of these patients, and 17% required a prosthetic pouch. The duration of postoperative ileus and length of hospital stay were statistically significantly shorter in the infants who underwent primary closure. Even though more complicated patients were included in the primary closure group, the incidence of mortality and morbidity was not higher than in patients treated with silicone rubber pouches. Deaths were inevitable in five infants with gangrenous bowel, multiple anomalies, and extreme prematurity. Deaths were related to sepsis in three infants and were the result of operative or anesthetic technique in four. Only two preoperative factors were prognostic of morbidity and mortality: gestational age (but not birth weight) and the presence of intestinal ischemia or atresia.
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PMID:Gastroschisis in 106 consecutive newborn infants. 293 43

Intestinal stenosis or stricture occurs in approximately one third of medically treated infants surviving the acute phase of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Identification of these lesions by the use of routine contrast enemas has been advocated as a means of decreasing potential morbidity from delayed diagnosis. However, the significant incidence of spontaneous resolution and reluctance to submit asymptomatic infants to contrast enema have led recent researchers to reserve these studies for patients developing symptoms of obstruction during a period of close observation. From July 1984 to July 1986, symptomatic strictures developed in five infants (15%) responding to medical management at our institution. Contrast enemas were not routinely performed and four (80%) of these patients presented with life-threatening sepsis or perforation associated with intestinal obstruction. Two infants developed complete colonic obstruction 4 and 6 weeks after discharge from the Intensive Care Nursery, having initially tolerated oral feedings. Both infants were critically ill due to perforation or sepsis and underwent emergency colostomy at community hospitals. Two other infants developed abdominal distension with sepsis and cardiopulmonary decompensation while remaining hospitalized for prematurity and pulmonary insufficiency. These patients became symptomatic 5 and 7 weeks after cautious refeeding while closely monitored in the Intensive Care Nursery. The occurrence of such life-threatening complications suggests that clinical observation alone is not adequate in the management of many of these infants. Contrast enemas should be performed to identify those patients at risk of such potential morbidity or mortality, especially those infants not residing near pediatric surgical facilities.
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PMID:Post-necrotizing enterocolitis strictures presenting with sepsis or perforation: risk of clinical observation. 304 59

When sought by light microscopy in formalin-fixed tissue, fusobacteria are apparent in 7-18% of chorioamnionitis cases. Brown and Hopps bacterial staining characteristically visualizes their long, slender and filamentous forms. Fusobacteria-like organisms in placentae have previously been associated with prematurity. Our findings indicate that perinatal infection with fusobacteria may cause neonatal death from prematurity, rather than from sepsis. In a study of 586 placentae, 14 specimens with chorioamnionitis and fusobacteria-like organisms were found. On the five occasions when microbiologic tests were made, fusobacteria were isolated. Prematurity of the newborns was associated with twelve of those placentae. Immunofluorescent labelling of the organisms is a helpful but incomplete means of diagnosis. Because fusobacteria antibodies are highly specific, they do not cross-react with other members of the genus Fusobacterium. A typical case is reported, in detail.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic considerations of fusobacteria chorioamnionitis. 307 Oct 72

All cases of early onset group B streptococcal (GBS) septicemia in infants born at Karolinska Hospital 1975-1986 were reviewed. GBS-septicemia was diagnosed in 40 infants within the first five days of life. The incidence was 1.24 per 1000 births. Fifty-five percent of the infants were preterm and 48% were born more than or equal to 12 hours after rupture of membranes. Prematurity and/or prolonged rupture of membranes were present in 83% of all neonates with fatal outcome. Case fatality was 22%. Deliveries by both cesarean section (31%) and vacuum extraction (26%) were increased in the mothers when compared to an overall incidence of 14 and 12% (p less than 0.01). Twenty-four (89%) of 27 mothers had low type specific IgG antibodies against the infecting GBS-serotype. Late onset GBS-septicemia was diagnosed in only two infants during the period. Seventeen mothers went through 24 subsequent pregnancies. In 11 of those the mothers were colonized with GBS and 10 received penicillin prophylaxis during pregnancy and/or delivery. None of the infants born after prophylaxis were colonized with GBS. Two were born prematurely and all had an uneventful course; whereas one infant delivered at 26 weeks gestation of a colonized untreated mother died of GBS-septicemia. Screening of parturients at risk and selective antibiotic prophylaxis may help to prevent early onset GBS-septicemia.
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PMID:Neonatal septicemia due to group B streptococci--perinatal risk factors and outcome of subsequent pregnancies. 307 2


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