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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five infants with pneumococcal sepsis presented with respiratory distress and clinical signs of infection in the first day of life. Although there was no apparent epidemiological relationship among the patients, four of the five were seen within a 12-month period. Pneumonia, prolonged rupture of fetal membranes, and prematurity were features in these patients. Three infants died, two within 12 hours of diagnosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from the vagina of three of the mothers; in two, the serotype was identical to that recovered from their infants. Clinical features of neonatal pneumococcal sepsis are similar to those of early-onset group B streptococcal infection. Like the group B Streptococcus, S. pneumoniae acquired from the maternal vagina is a potential life-threatening pathogen in the newborn period.
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PMID:Early-onset pneumococcal sepsis in newborn infants. 1 25

31 infants with anterior abdominal wall defects were treated over the past 10 years. Despite the falling birth rate gastroschisis occurred almost twice as often as omphalocele (19 and 12 cases, respectively). The mortality rate of 71% in omphalocele were related to large defects, rupture of the sac and associated cardiac malformations. The 73% incidence of prematurity, additional malformations and sepsis contributed to the mortality rate of 58% in gastroschisis.
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PMID:[Omphalocele and gastroschisis: clinical differences and surgical considerations. A ten year review (author's transl)]. 15 77

A conservative approach was followed in 188 patients with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) over a 2 year period. There were no neonatal deaths from sepsis, and only one infant showed a positive central bacteriologic culture. Fifty-seven percent of all patients less than 37 weeks' gestation had a latent period of 24 hours and 19% went beyond 7 days before labor began. Patients less than 34 weeks' gestation who received antepartum steroids for lung maturation showed no increased infectious morbidity or mortality. A conservative approach to patients with PROM seems reasonable when either prematurity and/or a cervix unfavorable for induction further complicates the pregnancy.
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PMID:Premature rupture of the membranes: a conservative approach. 46 57

A study of 200 pregnant women at the State Zenana Hospital, Jaipur, was conducted to analyse the effects of various maternal diseases on neonates. The maternal diseases were anemia, hypertension, urinary tract infection, heart disease, and tuberculosis. 200 healthy pregnant women were studied as controls. A high incidence (64.3%) of low birth weight babies were born to the unhealthy mothers. 80% of the tubercular mothered babies weighed less than 2.5 kg; 70% of the heart disease; 65% urinary tract infections; 60% hypertensive; and 64.3% anemia. The abnormal newborns showed a smaller average length and smaller head circumference (less than 33 cm.) than the normal group. There was also higher incidence of prematurity and poor neurological status among the abnormal group. Congenital malformations accounted for 2.15% in the abnormal cases, compared to .5% in the control group. The morbidity rate was 85%, compared to 46% in the controls. The causes were conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and cord sepsis.
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PMID:Effects of maternal medical diseases on the newborn. 72 Dec 25

Results of brain studies in 38 premature infants with severe peri- and postnatal pathology (intracranial labor trauma, asphyxia, sepsis) are presented. Clinico-morphological data detected that profound prematurity and consequently a profound immaturity of the brain, complicated by hypoxic damages during labor and early developing septic infections, lead to an expressed retardation and irreversible degenerative changes, especially in the brain structures which develop later. From the neurological point of view the most serious in relation to the prognosis are those children who are in a state of a stable inhibition of the CNS.
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PMID:[Brain histology of premature infants who have suffered hypoxia and sepsis]. 72 72

Group B streptococci are an important cause of infant septicemia and meningitis. A prospective study of group B streptococcal colonization in a 300-bed community hospital disclosed rates of 29% of 297 third-trimester women, 37% of 242 newborn infants, and 45% of 22 hospital personnel. Colonized parturients were more frequently black and anemic on admission for delivery. Infant colonization was statistically associated with a positive maternal genital culture, low birthweight, and prematurity. Nosocomial transmission of group B streptococci was strongly suggested by observations that 41% of colonized infants were born to culture-negative women and such infants became colonized later in their hospital stay than did colonized infants born to colonized women. Furthermore, hospital personnel working in the labor-delivery and nursery areas had a significantly higher prevalence of the organism than did personnel from other areas. Clearly, more information is needed about the epidemiology of group B streptococcal disease before appropriate and rational control measures can be recommended.
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PMID:Nosocomial transmission of group B streptococci. 78 56

Analysis of section material was carried out covering the period 1943-1975. It was established that proportion of septic diseases in the general structure of children's mortality in the recent years was stabilized at rather high levels (1973-1975--17.1%). Fatal outcomes were most often among infants at the early period of life in whom sepsis developed against the background of premorbid factors including prematurity, malformations, pathologic labour, mother's diseases, etc. The course of sepsis was particularly severe in infants with congenital immunodeficient states. The main pathogene of sepsis at present is staphylococcus. During the period under study, correlation and morphology of various forms of sepsis varied depending upon the pathogene and therapy applied. Since 1968 and up to new the most common form of sepsis has been that morphologically identical to sepsis observed in 1943-1947, i.e. before the wide application of antibiotics.
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PMID:[Septicemia in children according to autopsy data]. 102 Oct 49

Natural surfactant (Surfactant TA, Survanta, CLSE, SF-RI 1, Curosurf and human surfactant obtained from amniotic fluid) therapy for RDS in very premature infants has been evaluated in 17 controlled clinical trials. Uniformly intratracheal surfactant administration caused a decreased intensity of mechanical ventilation during the first hours (reduced inspiratory pressure, reduced oxygen requirements) as an immediate effect of surfactant administration. Metanalysis reveals barotraumatic pulmonary complications mainly, pneumothorax and pulmonary interstitial emphysema to occur less frequently in surfactant-treated infants in virtually all trials; an increased incidence of survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia following surfactant treatment was observed in 10 controlled clinical trials. The incidence of other complications of prematurity (intracranial hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus and necrotizing enterocolitis) was unchanged following natural surfactant treatment. Dosing of natural surfactant is still under investigation, however recent data indicate that the initial dose should not be less than 100 mg/kg b.w. and retreatment should be given to infants with unsatisfactory response (i.e. fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) > 40%). Timing of surfactant treatment still remains controversial. Prophylactic treatment shortly following birth has been compared with rescue-treatment, i.e. surfactant administration to infants suffering from manifest RDS in most studies 4-8 h after birth. Conflicting data from 5 controlled trials may be interpreted as follows: prophylactic treatment seems to be favourable for extremely premature infants (GA < or = 26 weeks) and rescue treatment seems to be adequate for infants of 27-30 weeks of gestation. Intratracheal surfactant instillation in very premature infants did not result in an improved lung function for 24 h to 48 h in all patients. Ten--25% of study infants were reported to be "non-responders", i.e. infants without sustained decrease in oxygen requirements (i.e. FiO2 > 40%). Various factors may be operative including congenital bacterial infections (sepsis or pneumonia), lung hypoplasia and cardiac failure. Inactivation of surface properties of natural surfactant caused by a leakage of proteins across the alveolar-capillary membrane was observed in experimental and clinical studies. Current investigations focus on a combination of postnatal steroids and surfactant treatment to improve lung function and outcome in "non-responders". As long as any controlled clinical studies are being published, this approach remains experimental. Up to now, any controlled clinical trials have been performed to assess different modes of artificial ventilation (e.g. high frequency oscillating ventilation versus conventional ventilation) combined with surfactant therapy. Data obtained from premature animals given natural surfactant indicate any advantage with respect to gas exchange and lung histology to result from high frequency ventilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Natural surfactant for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in very premature infants: a 1992 update. 129 66

A prospective case series study was conducted Jan 1991-Oct 1991 on 108 neonates admitted to NICU, Lusaka. 90 patients satisfied inclusion criteria, 45 cases and 45 controls. Symptomatic seropositive babies born to seropositive mothers presented with failure to thrive, fever, persistent or recurrent thrush, severe Sepsis and large liver. Tendency to prematurity among cases was high. Diarrhoea, Sepsis and Haemolytic Anaemia appear to be terminal signs. Neonates suffer the most aggressive form of HIV/AIDS, with symptomatic cases dying 3-4/52 of onset of symptoms. Over one quarter of the mothers were symptomatic. Congenital malformations and Lymphadenopathy were not significantly associated. Microcephaly occurred in association with failure to thrive and was not an isolated finding.
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PMID:Clinical presentation of HIV/AIDS in the high risk neonate in Zambia. 139 42

We reviewed jaundiced infants born between 1971 and 1989. Jaundice was diagnosed in infants whose serum bilirubin level was found to be 154 umol/l or greater. Of 88,137 livebirths, 10,944 (12.4%) were jaundiced. The most common aetiological factor was prematurity (20.3%), followed by ABO erythroblastosis (5.5%), sepsis (1.8%), Rh erythroblastosis (1.8%), bruising (1.3%), multifactorial (1.0%) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (0.5%). In the remainder (67.8%) no cause was found or inadequate investigations were performed to determine a cause. During the period under review there was a significant increase (r = 0.91) in the proportion of newborn infants with jaundice of prematurity, in those not investigated (r = 0.92) and a decrease in the proportion with bruising (r = -0.90) as the cause. Phototherapy was used on 4,126 (37.7%) infants and exchange transfusion performed on 248 (2.3%). Causes of jaundice in infants requiring exchange transfusion were Rh erythroblastosis (108, 43.6%), ABO erythroblastosis (58, 23.4%), jaundice of prematurity (44, 17.7%) and a variety of causes in the remaining 38 (15.3%). Death occurred in 164 (1.5%) infants. In only 7 (4.3%), however, was the death possibly related to hyperbilirubinaemia or its treatment (Rh erythroblastosis (4), necrotizing enterocolitis following exchange transfusion (2) and pulmonary haemorrhage following exchange transfusion (1)). Phototherapy proved safe with no deaths attributable to its use.
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PMID:Jaundice: clinical practice in 88,000 liveborn infants. 144 22


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