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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A psoas muscle abscess due to Yersinia enterocolitica developed in a 71-year-old man with mild type II diabetes mellitus. There was no evidence of gastrointestinal infection or septicemia, and treatment with computed tomography-directed percutaneous drainage and cefoxitin resulted in cure. This represents the first known reported case of psoas abscess due to Y. enterocolitica.
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PMID:Psoas muscle abscess due to Yersinia enterocolitica. 672 Jul 35

Yersinia enterocolitica is the cause of gastrointestinal infection in the overwhelming majority of recognized cases, although extraintestinal sites are occasionally involved. We report a case of Y. enterocolitica septicemia and empyema complicated by the adult respiratory distress syndrome. The organism was also recovered from the patient's feces by alkaline enrichment and persisted through at least 19 days of antibiotic treatment.
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PMID:Sepsis and empyema caused by Yersinia enterocolitica. 686 14

An analysis of a prospective study of viral infections in 12 patients with severe combined immunodeficiency is presented. Infections of viral etiology were common, with pulmonary and gastrointestinal infections being most frequent. Fourteen of 25 infections (56%) were nonsocomially acquired and 10 of 25 (40%) were community-acquired. The period of symptomatology and the duration of viral excretion were usually prolonged beyond those associated with disease in the general pediatric population. Pulmonary infections were associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Gastrointestinal infections disrupted gastrointestinal function and possibly played a role in enteric Gram-negative bacillary sepsis. The inability of these patients to eradicate these viruses in the absence of immunologic reconstitution resulted in significant morbidity, often with a fatal outcome.
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PMID:Significance of viral infections in severe combined immunodeficiency disease. 686 84

NEC represents the most common gastrointestinal disorder in newborn. Its range varies from 1% to 7.7% and is frequently associated with factors such as intestinal ischaemia, prematurity, gastrointestinal infection and early and rapid enteral feeding. Between 15/1/1990 and 15/6/1995, 129 critically ill newborns were admitted in NICU of Policlinico S. Orsola-Bologna. We examined only 93 patients, hospitalized for over 48 hours, presenting one or more risk factors for the development of NEC, such as birthweight < 2000 gm, respiratory distress, gastrointestinal bacterial colonization, sepsis, PDA and use of umbilical catheters. The aim of the study was to evaluate NEC incidence in newborns exposed to this complication and the analysis of risk factors associated with the elements of prevention and protection. No cases of NEC were observed despite the high incidence of risk factors. The newborns studied were divided in six different groups with increasing risk factors. Among the prevention elements of NEC, every patient was treated by nutrition, at first exclusively by TPN followed by careful enteral feeding (< 20 ml/kg/die) and the improvement of mesenteric blood flow by dopamine (2-3 mcg/kg/min); other preventive treatments were given according to clinical condition: dobutamine (5-10 mcg/kg/min in 51 ps.) to improve the cardiovascular function, gastrointestinal decontamination (8 ps.), antibiotic therapy (81 ps.), in cases of diagnosed infection and intravenous immunoglobulin (25 ps.) after discovering low ematic values. Analyzing the treatments and their day numbers in the 6 groups of patients no statistically significant differences were evident. On the contrary, dividing the patients into 3 groups according to GA (< 30 w, 30-35 w, > 35 w) an extension in treatment time is more evident in the group of GA < 30 weeks. Our therapeutic behaviour, based on respect of gastrointestinal blood flow, careful and gradual enteral feeding and prevention, constant monitoring and infection treatment, has been useful to stop the NEC incidence.
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PMID:[Risk factors and protective factors in a population a risk for newborn necrotizing enterocolitis]. 905 88

Reactive arthritis is one of the spondyloarthropathy family of clinical syndromes. The clinical features are those shared by other members of the spondyloarthritis family, though it is distinguished by a clear relationship with a precipitating infection. Susceptibility to reactive arthritis is closely linked with the class 1 HLA allele B27; it is likely that all sub-types pre-dispose to this condition. The link between HLA B27 and infection is mirrored by the development of arthritis in HLA B27-transgenic rats. In this model, arthritis does not develop in animals maintained in a germ-free environment. Infections of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary and respiratory tract appear to provoke reactive arthritis and a wide range of pathogens has now been implicated. Although mechanistic parallels may exist, reactive arthritis is distinguished from Lyme disease, rheumatic fever and Whipple's disease by virtue of the distinct clinical features and the link with HLA B27. As in these conditions both antigens and DNA of several micro-organisms have been detected in joint material from patients with reactive arthritis. The role of such disseminated microbial elements in the provocation or maintenance of arthritis remains unclear. HLA B27-restricted T-cell responses to microbial antigens have been demonstrated and these may be important in disease pathogenesis. The importance of dissemination of bacteria from sites of mucosal infection and their deposition in joints has yet to be fully understood. The role of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of reactive arthritis is being explored; in some circumstances, both the anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects of certain antibiotics appear to be valuable. The term reactive arthritis should be seen as a transitory one, reflecting a concept which may itself be on the verge of replacement, as our understanding of the condition develops. Nevertheless it appropriately describes arthritis that is associated with demonstrable infection at a distant site without traditional evidence of sepsis at the affected joint(s). Although several forms of disease could be described as "reactive", particularly acute rheumatic fever, post-meningococcal septicaemia arthritis and Lyme disease, in clinical practice the term is restricted to an acute spondyloarthritis, usually, but not exclusively, linked to acute genitourinary or gastrointestinal infection. A proportion of patients fulfil criteria for Reiter's Syndrome [1].
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PMID:Reactive arthritis. 1059 44

Gram-negative bacteria acquired through gastrointestinal infection can be a serious cause for the development of septic shock especially in immunosuppressed patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the early events of the immune reaction against S. typhimurium. Bacteria were injected into mice at different concentrations. Four animals from each group were killed at five different points of time. Liver cytokine mRNA expression was determined by semiquantitative rt-PCR and liver histology was examined. Serum cytokine levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4 and IL-10 were determined. intravenous (i.v.) infection with 109 bacteria led to lethal septic shock within 24 h. A delayed production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-18 and IL-10 and milder histological alterations in the liver were observed in these animals. The highest expression of cytokines in the liver and the strongest histological alterations were seen after infection with 107 bacteria. Here, an increased mRNA expression of all proinflammatory cytokines began 1 h after infection. Animals infected with 1 x 102 bacteria had the highest detectable serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10. These data indicate that the immediate events in the immune reaction within the liver after infection with S. typhimurium are associated with the outcome of the subsequent sepsis.
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PMID:The early immune response in the liver of BALB/c mice infected with S. typhimurium. 1079 38

In this study, we describe an infant mummy from ancient Egypt that showed macromorphologic signs of chronic anemia and vitamin C deficiency. From this infant, we have obtained a sterile sample from a metatarsal bone to extract ancient bacterial DNA. Following polymerase chain reaction amplification and subcloning of the amplicons, the sequence of the 16S ribosomal DNA was determined in several resulting clones. The presence of pathogenic and apathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, are indicated by our result, providing evidence of bacteremia, which probably contributed to death due to septicemia. These findings suggest that the infant, who already had chronic anemia and vitamin C deficiency, acquired a gastrointestinal infection, which finally led to a systemic spread. To our knowledge, this is the first case identifying potentially septicemic bacterial dissemination in an ancient Egyptian mummy. Using our approach, we hope to investigate distinct paleomicrobiological aspects of ancient populations, which will potentially enlighten our understanding of the development and evolution of pathogenic bacteria.
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PMID:Molecular evidence of bacteremia by gastrointestinal pathogenic bacteria in an infant mummy from ancient Egypt. 1107 11

Vibrio cholerae sepsis is infrequent, especially in neonates although sporadic cases have been reported in older patients. We report the case of a neonate who was admitted to the intensive care unit for hypovolemic shock secondary to diarrhea caused by V. cholerae that developed into bacteremia. The predisposing factors were low socioeconomic status, home delivery, delayed presentation at the health center, and active maternal gastrointestinal infection with V. cholerae. The organism identified in blood and feces culture was identified as V. cholerae 0 -1, biotype Thor, serotype Ogawa, which correlated with the clinical presentation.
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PMID:[Vibrio cholerae sepsis in the neonate]. 1239 71

About 15% of children with Shiga toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli (STEC) primarily of serotype O157:H7, gastrointestinal infection, and watery or bloody diarrhea, may develop hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+ HUS). Usually D+ HUS is not complicated by bacteremia and patients recover spontaneously without antibiotic treatment. We report here an adult case of a STEC O157:H7 urinary tract infection complicated by bacteremia and HUS that was not preceded by diarrhea (D- HUS). Cases of D- HUS need to be carefully examined for foci other than the gastrointestinal tract, and patients with E coli bacteremia should receive early antibiotic treatment as would any patient with sepsis.
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PMID:Adult nondiarrhea hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with Shiga toxin Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacteremia and urinary tract infection. 1250 Feb 15

The shortage of new antimicrobial agents has made the scientific community reconsider the potential value of old antibiotics. A search of the literature was performed to compile relevant evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of fosfomycin for the treatment of patients with gram-positive and/or gram-negative bacterial infections (excluding urinary tract infection and gastrointestinal infection). Of 1311 potentially relevant studies, 62 studies were reviewed in detail. Of 1604 patients with various gram-positive and gram-negative infections of various body sites (including pneumonia and other respiratory infections; osteomyelitis; meningitis; ear, nose, and throat infections; surgical infections; obstetric and gynecological infections; arthritis; septicemia; peritonitis; cervical lymphadenitis; eye infections; diabetic foot infections; and typhoid fever) being treated with fosfomycin alone or in combination with other antibiotics, cure was achieved in 1302 (81.1%) of the patients, and improvement was noted in 47 (2.9%). In comparative perioperative prophylaxis trials that included a total of 1212 patients (mainly patients undergoing colorectal surgery), the fosfomycin-metronidazole combination led to results that were similar to those achieved with the combination of other antibiotics (doxycycline, ampicillin, or cephalothin) and metronidazole. In an era in which there is a shortage of new antibiotics, fosfomycin might be considered to be an alternative treatment agent for infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, in addition to its traditional use in treating uncomplicated urinary tract and gastrointestinal infections. Further research on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of fosfomycin, especially against multidrug-resistant pathogens (such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and/or metallo-beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and on the effectiveness and safety of the drug in the treatment of patients with such infections may be warranted.
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PMID:Fosfomycin: use beyond urinary tract and gastrointestinal infections. 1844 27


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