Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia and septicemia in leukopenic rats was used to study the impact of the duration of infection on the bactericidal activity of ceftazidime, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. It appeared that the number of bacteria persisting after a single intravenous injection progressively increased with delay of antibiotic administration up to 3 h after bacterial inoculation with each of the drugs tested. This effect was most pronounced for ciprofloxacin. An inoculum effect could not explain this decrease in bacterial killing. It was also observed that a single injection with a particular dose of each of the respective drugs did not kill all the Klebsiella pneumoniae organisms in the lung. Persisting bacteria did not represent a preexisting less susceptible subpopulation selected after antibiotic administration. In further experiments the impact of delay of the start of treatment on the efficacy of ceftazidime or ciprofloxacin after administration for a period of four days with intramuscular injections at 6 h intervals was investigated. Treatment was started at 5, 12 or 24 h after bacterial inoculation. The therapeutic efficacy of both drugs decreased with the increase of duration of infection, which may be at least in part due to the progressive number of bacteria persisting after antibiotic administration. These data underline the need to start antimicrobial treatment as soon as possible.
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PMID:Impact of the duration of infection on the activity of ceftazidime, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin in Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia and septicemia in leukopenic rats. 183 80

A thirty six week gestation male baby weighing three kilogram was born to a twenty five year old mother by spontaneous vaginal delivery. At four hours of life, the baby developed respiratory distress with cyanosis and was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. There was clinical and radiological evidence of bilateral pleural effusion. Thoracentesis revealed a transudate. Repeated thoracentesis was necessary to relieve the respiratory distress. Subsequently, multi resistant Klebsiella aerogenes was isolated from the blood. The baby expired due to gram negative sepsis.
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PMID:A neonate with bilateral refractory chylothorax--a case report. 184 Apr 49

A case of septicemia in a 7-day-old infant with a gentamicin-resistant strain of Klebsiella oxytoca prompted an epidemiological survey in a neonatal unit. Within a 3-month period 7 patients presented with symptomatic infection with gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Another 3 patients were asymptomatic and only harboured the organisms in the stool. The aminoglycoside modifying enzyme ANT(2")-a was identified with a probe technique in different gram-negative species indicating the spread of a plasmid. After the replacement of gentamicin with amikacin and the adherence to proper barrier precautions the gentamicin-resistant strains disappeared from the ward.
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PMID:Gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli in a neonatal intensive care unit. 185 68

The case records of all neonates admitted to the neonatal unit at Aga Khan University Hospital (Karachi) in a 30 month period (Nov. 86-April 89) were analysed. Of 60 neonates with confirmed sepsis, 33 (55%) had non-nosocomial infection (NNC) whereas 27 (45%) had nosocomial sepsis (NC). The most common organisms causing early-onset NNC sepsis were Klebsiella species (53%) and Escherichia coli (10%), whereas the organisms causing late-onset NNC sepsis included Salmonella parathypi (21%), Group A Streptococcus (21%), Escherichia coli (14%) and Pseudomonas species (14%). Klebsiella was the most common organism causing NC sepsis, others being Staphylococcus aureus (15%) and Serratia species (15%). The mortality in NC sepsis, early-onset and late onset NNC sepsis was 44%, 26% and 43%, respectively. Risk factors associated with NNC sepsis included low birthweight, prematurity and prolonged and complicated deliveries. There was a high incidence of drug resistance to ampicillin and gentamicin among gram-negative organisms causing sepsis (mean 67%).
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PMID:Neonatal sepsis in Pakistan. Presentation and pathogens. 186 74

Bacteriological and clinical studies on cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221), a new cephem developed by Hoechst AG and Roussel Uclaf, were carried out and the results are summarized below: 1. Against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, antibacterial activities of CDZM were similar to those of cefotaxime (CTX), cefazolin, cefotiam and piperacillin. Against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia sp., antibacterial activities of CDZM were similar to that of CTX, and superior to those of other tested antibiotics. Especially against Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis, it showed an excellent antibacterial activity. 2. Although the clinical efficacy was poor in 1 patient with sepsis caused by Salmonella marcescens and in another with cervical lymphadenitis, in 5 patients with upper respiratory tract infection, 4 patients with bronchitis, 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, 18 patients with pneumonia, 5 patients with urinary tract infection and 1 patient with enteritis, the clinical efficacy was excellent or good and the efficacy rate was 95.1% (39/41) including excellent efficacies in 25 cases. 3. Bacteriologically, all identified causative bacteria were eradicated except for 1 case of Salmonella sp., thus the eradication rate was 97.4% (38/39). Especially S. pneumoniae in 10 cases, H. influenzae in 12 cases and B. catarrhalis in 3 cases were eradicated totally. 4. Adverse reactions were studied in 46 cases, and digestive symptoms were observed in 9 cases (diarrhea 5 cases, loose stools 4 cases). Eruption and vascular pain were observed in 1 case each. As digestive symptoms in 9 cases were mild, the treatment were not suspended. In laboratory test values, elevation of GOT, elevation of GPT, elevation of bilirubin, and eosinophilia were observed in 1 case each. Influences on blood coagulation parameters were studied. No change was observed between the beginning and the end of the treatment. From above results, we have concluded that CDZM is a useful and safe antibiotic in pediatrics, administered at a daily dose of 20 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 doses and administered intravenously.
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PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies of cefodizime in pediatrics]. 188 Sep 19

The effectiveness of specific phage therapy was studied on Klebsiella experimental sepsis in noninbred white mice, caused by the intraperitoneal injection of K. pneumoniae highly virulent strain K2 5055 into the animals. For treatment, Klebsiella polyvalent bacteriophage administered on day 2 after the infection of the animals with Klebsiella was used. The study revealed that bacteriophage could be detected in the blood and internal organs of the animals within 24 hours irrespective of the route of its administration: intraperitoneal, intravenous or intranasal. The bacteriophage preparation, introduced intraperitoneally, was shown to be effective in the treatment of generalized Klebsiella infection. One daily intraperitoneal injection of Klebsiella bacteriophage for 15-20 days proved to be the optimum scheme of treatment. In contrast to chemotherapeutic preparations, bacteriophages had no effect on normal microflora and did not aggravate dysbiotic disturbances. For this reason, bacteriophages may become one of alternative antimicrobial remedies, selectively affecting infective agents.
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PMID:[The efficacy of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophage in the therapy of experimental Klebsiella infection]. 188 8

A hyperimmune globulin for intravenous use (H-IVIG) was prepared from the plasma of donors immunized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella vaccines. H-IVIG preparations contained substantially higher IgG antibody levels to all nine P. aeruginosa vaccine antigens and to 22 of the 24 Klebsiella vaccine antigens than did commercial IVIG. The H-IVIG was more effective at promoting the opsonophagocytic killing of P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella vaccine serotype strains than normal IVIG. The H-IVIG neutralized greater than 20 times more toxin A than commercial IVIG. Only the H-IVIG offered significant protection against Klebsiella K2 sepsis. The H-IVIG provided significantly better protection against six of the eight P. aeruginosa vaccine serotypes than normal IVIG when compared in a murine burn wound sepsis model. The H-IVIG also protected mice against an Enterobacter aerogenes challenge, whereas normal IVIG was ineffective.
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PMID:Production and characterization of a human hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella species. 190 45

The authors report a prospective study with active request of data for nosocomial infections (NI) in an urological department during six months. From 453 patients, 43 developed an NI (incidence = 9.5%): urinary tract infections (53.5%), bloodstream infections (16.3%), lower respiratory tract infections (7%), surgical wound infections (2.3%) and sepsis syndrome (20.9%). For microorganisms, most often Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.5%) and E. coli (20%) were encountered. Other microorganisms were the next-ones: Staphylococcus aureus (15%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (7.5%), Acinetobacter baumanii (7.5%), Streptococcus group D (7.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.5%), Candida albicans (2.5%) and others (10%). Urological interventions with a high risk of NI were cystectomy with intestinal urinary diversion (68.7%), pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (40%) and percutaneous nephrolitothomy (30%). Even if the last two interventions classically do not have a high risk of NI, we think that their antibioprophylaxis is recommended.
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PMID:[Nosocomial infections in an urological department. Incidence and etiological factors]. 190 21

Fifty-two patients with moderate or severe infections associated with internal medicine were treated with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) and the efficacy and the safety of this drug were evaluated. There were 20 patients with pneumonia, 10 with acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory tract infections, 9 with sepsis, 2 with pyothorax, 3 with intraabdominal infection, 2 with urinary tract infection, 1 with pulmonary abscess, 1 with infective endocarditis, 4 with fever of unknown origin. Forty-four patients were evaluable for the efficacy. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 12 patients, good in 26, fair in 3 and poor in 3. The overall clinical efficacy was 86.4%. The efficacy rate was 63.6% in patients previously treated and 93.9% in patients previously untreated with other antibiotics. Bacteriologically, Staphylococcus aureus (8 strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae (5), Streptococcus pyogenes (1), other Gram-positive coccus (1), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8), Haemophilus influenzae (4), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3), Serratia marcescens (3), Escherichia coli (3), Branhamella catarrhalis (1), Citrobacter freundii (1), Klebsiella oxytoca (1), Enterobacter sp. (1), and Peptostreptococcus sp. (1) were eradicated. P. aeruginosa (3) and Acinetobacter sp. (1) decreased. S. aureus (1), S. epidermidis (1), P. aeruginosa (5), and S. marcescens (1) persisted or appeared. The eradication rate was 83.7%. Six patients showed adverse reactions including general fatigue 1, epigastralgia 1, eruption 1, eosinophilia 1 and elevation of S-GOT 2. But all of the adverse reactions were mild or slight, and transient. These findings indicate that IPM/CS is a useful and safe drug against bacterial infections in internal medicine.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the internal medicine]. 192 Aug 13

When host antimicrobial defenses are severely compromised by radiation or trauma in conjunction with radiation, death from sepsis results. To evaluate therapies for sepsis in radiation casualties, we developed models of acquired and induced bacterial infections in irradiated and irradiated-wounded mice. Animals were exposed to either a mixed radiation field of equal proportions of neutrons and gamma rays (n/gamma = 1) from a TRIGA reactor or pure gamma rays from 60[Co sources. Skin wounds (15% of total body surface area) were inflicted under methoxyflurane anesthesia 1 h after irradiation. In all mice, wounding after irradiation decreased resistance to infection. Treatments with the immunomodulator synthetic trehalose dicorynomycolate (S-TDCM) before or after mixed neutron-gamma irradiation or gamma irradiation increased survival. Therapy with S-TDCM for mice irradiated with either a mixed field or gamma rays increased resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced infections. Combined therapy with S-TDCM and ceftriaxone for K. pneumoniae infections in mice exposed to a mixed radiation field or to gamma rays was more effective than single-agent therapy. In all irradiated-wounded mice, single therapy of acquired infections with an antibiotic or S-TDCM did not increase survival. Survival of irradiated-wounded mice after topical application of gentamicin sulfate cream suggested that bacteria colonizing the wound disseminated systemically in untreated irradiated mice, resulting in death from sepsis. In lethal models of acquired infections in irradiated-wounded mice, significant increases in survival were achieved when systemic treatments with S-TDCM or gentamicin were combined with topical treatments of gentamicin cream. Therapies for sepsis in all mice exposed to a mixed field were less effective than in mice exposed to gamma rays. Nonetheless, the data show a principle by which successful therapy may be provided to individuals receiving tissue trauma in conjunction with radiation injury.
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PMID:Therapy of infections in mice irradiated in mixed neutron/photon fields and inflicted with wound trauma: a review of current work. 192 43


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