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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lung transplantation is currently the most effective means of improving survival and quality of life in patients with end-stage cystic fibrosis. In reviewing our 6-year experience we sought to evaluate complications and survival after sequential bilateral lung transplantation. Between October 1996 and October 2002, 114 patients with cystic fibrosis were referred to us from 15 Italian regional centers and 2 support centers for cystic fibrosis as possible candidates for lung transplantation. Of these 114 patients, 99 were included in the waiting list and 15 were refused. The mean time spent on the waiting list was 6.8+/-5.2 months (range 1 day-21 months) for those patients receiving lung transplantation, and 5.4+/-4.5 months (range 10 days-18 months) for those 35 patients who died while on the waiting list. A total 55 patients (6 children and 49 adults), mean age 25.6+/-6.6 years (range 9-52 years), 29 males, underwent bilateral sequential lung transplantation. One patient had a second transplantation 14 months after the first. The most frequent medical non-infective complications after transplantation were chronic renal failure (n=27 patients), diabetes (n=31), osteoporosis (n=17), arterial hypertension (n=14), seizures (n=4), transient cerebral ischaemia (n=1), and transient bilateral blindness (n=1). Bacterial lower airways respiratory infections with the organisms that colonized patients' airways before lung transplantation developed in 42 patients; cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in 41; and opportunistic infections of the lung with Pneumocystis carinii in 3 patients. Cultures of sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid grew Aspergillus fumigatus in nine patients; aspergillosis of right bronchial anastomosis developed in one patient and a lung infection in another. Another patient had a pulmonary infection secondary to Aspergillus niger. An average of 1.3 episodes of acute rejection developed per patient in the first 6 months after lung transplantation. Freedom from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome was 95% at 1 year, 82.5% at 2 years, 70% at 3 years, and 65% at 4, 5 and 6 years. Actuarial survival rates were 80% at 1 month, 79% at 1 year, 74% at 2 years, 70% at 3 years and 58% at 4, 5 and 6 years. Ten patients (17.8%) died in the early postoperative period (1-30 days) for the following reasons: primary graft failure (n=4), multiorgan failure (n=3), Burkholderia cepacia sepsis (n=1), myocardial infarction (n=1), and pulmonary embolism (n=1). Mortality was accounted for by 9 patients (16%) who died from 9 to 43 months after lung transplantation, for the following reasons: P. carinii infection (n=2), bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (n=4), A. fumigatus pulmonary infection (n=1), unknown cause (n=1) and suicide (n=1). In conclusion, the leading causes of morbidity after lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis are pulmonary bacterial infection and opportunistic infections. Bronchiolitis obliterans develops in more than half of lung transplant recipients who survive for more than 3 years and is an important cause of death in the late post transplantation period.
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PMID:Lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis: 6-year follow-up. 1591 93

Thirteen cases of feline primary hyperaldosteronism were diagnosed based on clinical signs, serum biochemistry, plasma aldosterone concentration, adrenal imaging and histopathology of adrenal tissue. Two cases presented with blindness caused by systemic hypertension, whilst the remaining 11 cases showed weakness resulting from hypokalaemic polymyopathy. Elevated concentrations of plasma aldosterone and adrenocortical neoplasia were documented in all cases. Seven cases had adrenal adenomas (unilateral in five and bilateral in two) and six had unilateral adrenal carcinomas. Three cases underwent medical treatment only with amlodipine, spironolactone and potassium gluconate; two cases survived for 304 and 984 days until they were euthanased because of chronic renal failure, whilst the third case was euthanased at 50 days following failure of the owner to medicate the cat. Ten cases underwent surgical adrenalectomy following a successful stabilisation period on medical management. Five cases remain alive at the time of writing with follow-up periods of between 240 and 1803 days. Three cases were euthanased during or immediately following surgery because of surgical-induced haemorrhage. One cat was euthanased 14 days after surgery because of generalised sepsis, whilst the remaining cat was euthanased 1045 days after surgery because of anorexia and the development of a cranial abdominal mass. It is recommended that primary hyperaldosteronism should be considered as a differential diagnosis in middle-aged and older cats with hypokalaemic polymyopathy and/or systemic hypertension and should no longer be considered a rare condition.
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PMID:Primary hyperaldosteronism in the cat: a series of 13 cases. 1592 24

The most frequent complications of septoplasty are deformities, infections, and perforations. The effects of each of these complications, however, can be very different. Dislocations and deformities of the septum may result not only in an impaired airway but also in visible deformities of the entire nasal base and dorsum. A patient who underwent septoplasty can be "stigmatized." Infections may lead not only to septal abscess but also to endocranial complications such as meningitis or septicemia with endocarditis. Permanent perforations of the nasal septum can result in significant symptoms if they are located in the anterior part of the nose. Surgical closure is the treatment of choice, with a high success rate if the patients are selected properly. Besides these three major types of complications there are many others, from smell disturbances to blindness. Causes, prevention, and correction of selected complications are presented and data of the recent literature reported.
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PMID:Complications in septoplasty. 1713 Dec 71

Imaging features of infants who suffered from brain damage as a result of neonatal hypoglycemia were shown to have similar patterns, and to affect the parietal and occipital lobes most severely. Long term follow up regarding clinical outcome of patients with neonatal hypoglycemia and this pattern of damage are limited. We reviewed the medical records of 24 patients with typical neuroimaging features seen following neonatal hypoglycemia; we report neurological outcome in 13 of them who have documented hypoglycemia. Except for one patient, all patients had prenatal and perinatal problems including prematurity, perinatal hypoxia, intrauterine growth retardation, sepsis, indirect hyperbilirubinemia. All but one patient had symptomatic partial epilepsy, five of them were medically intractable. Other neurologic problems included developmental delays, learning and behavior problems, hyperactivity and attention difficulties, autistic features, microcephaly and cortical blindness. We conclude that early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia is crucial to prevent future neurological sequelae, especially in patients with additional perinatal risk factors.
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PMID:Neurologic outcome in patients with MRI pattern of damage typical for neonatal hypoglycemia. 1715 11

A young female patient presented as an acute medical emergency with hypoglycaemia. Investigations revealed panhypopituitarism and an inflammatory pituitary mass. An antibody screen was negative for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies with cytoplasmic distribution (cANCA). Pituitary histology showed lymphocytic infiltration and a few Langerhan's cells. The pituitary mass rapidly expanded to involve the optic nerves and led to bilateral blindness. Later, the patient developed diarrhoea, a vasculitis rash, scleritis, and proteinuria. In subsequent investigations cANCA became positive. The patient responded to steroids and cyclophosphamide treatment and remained in partial remission for six months before dying of severe sepsis. This is the first description of Wegener's granulomatosis presenting with acute anterior pituitary failure in the absence of other organ involvement and negative serology.
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PMID:Fatal inflammatory hypophysitis. 1731 40

We present the fatal case of a patient with a 3-month history of malaise, fatigue, low-grade fever and increasing signs of heart failure. Because of a sudden loss of sight and elevated sedimentation rate, arteritis temporalis was mistakenly suspected and treatment with high dose prednisolone was initiated. Five weeks later the patient presented with worsening of symptoms and septicemia with coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS). Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a left atrial mass and stenosis of a severely calcified aortic valve, but no definite vegetations. The diagnose of infectious endocarditis was established during surgery, with the discovery of an abscess cavity at the non-coronary cusp of the aortic valve and by the growth of the same CoNS from tissue samples from the abscess in the atrial wall, as had been found in blood cultures. A systolic murmur was heard initially, but echocardiography was not performed until 5 weeks later and illustrates the pivotal role of echocardiography in the early diagnosis and treatment of infectious endocarditis.
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PMID:Substantial myocardial abscess in an immunocompromised patient: fatal outcome after coagulase-negative Staphylococcal native valve infection. 1733 63

We present a patient with Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES). A 74-year-old woman was admitted with sepsis, which originated from erysipelas on her neck the following day. She developed respiratory obstruction due to oedema, septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), acute renal failure and atrial fibrillation. She responded well to treatment and improved rapidly, despite of her serious condition. When she had almost fully recovered after 15 days, her general condition worsened, and she developed confusion, blindness and pareses. MRI showed vasogenic oedema in the parietooccipital regions of the brain and in the cerebellum, consistent with PRES. PRES is a clinical and radiological diagnosis consisting of headache, confusion, cortical blindness, convulsions and sometimes pareses. MRI of the cerebrum with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) map are decisive to the diagnosis, and usually shows a characteristic bilateral vasogenic oedema in the parietooccipital region. This can distinguish PRES from brain infarction, which shows a cytotoxic oedema on MRI. We discuss our patient in the light of different conditions leading to PRES, possible pathophysiological factors and treatment options.
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PMID:[An old woman with sudden pareses and blindness]. 1735 25

In this report, we describe a brother and sister who presented at birth with short-limb skeletal dysplasia, polyhydramnios, prematurity, and generalized edema. Dysmorphic features included broad nose, thick ears, thin lips, micrognathia, inverted nipples, ulnar deviation at the wrists, spatulate fingers, fifth finger camptodactyly, nail hypoplasia, and talipes equinovarus. Other features included short stature, microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, B-cell lymphopenic hypogammaglobulinemia, sensorineural deafness, retinal detachment and blindness, intestinal malrotation with poor gastrointestinal motility, persistent hyponatremia, intermittent hypoglycemia, and thrombocytopenia. Cardiac anomalies included PDA, VSD, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias. The brother had a small penis with hypospadias, hypoplastic scrotum, and non-palpable testes. Skeletal findings included absent ossification of cervical vertebral bodies, pubic bones, knee epiphyses, and tali. Both sibs died before age 2 years, one of overwhelming sepsis and the other of cardiorespiratory failure associated with her cardiomyopathy. Metabolic studies showed a type 1 pattern of abnormal serum transferrin glycosylation. Fibroblasts synthesized truncated LLOs, primarily Man(7)GlcNAc(2), suggestive of CDG-Ig. Both sibs were compound heterozygotes for a novel 301 G > A (G101R) mutation and a previously described 437 G > A (R146Q) mutation in ALG12. Congenital disorders of glycosylation should be considered for children with undiagnosed multi-system disease including neurodevelopmental delay, skeletal dysplasia, immune deficiency, male genital hypoplasia, and cardiomyopathy.
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PMID:Expanding spectrum of congenital disorder of glycosylation Ig (CDG-Ig): sibs with a unique skeletal dysplasia, hypogammaglobulinemia, cardiomyopathy, genital malformations, and early lethality. 1750 7

The rate of symptomatic improvement of visual symptoms associated with hematogenous metastases to the sella and pituitary was evaluated retrospectively in seven patients (five men, two women; mean age, 52.3 years) with primarily visual symptoms (diplopia alone in three, diplopia with blurred vision in one, blurred vision alone in one, loss of peripheral vision in one, and unilateral complete blindness in one). Symptom duration ranged from 0.5 to 2 months. The primary diseases were non-small cell lung cancer in two patients, renal cell carcinoma in two patients, prostate cancer in two patients, and medullary thyroid carcinoma in one patient. All patients had widespread metastatic disease. Three patients had a suprasellar tumoral component. One patient had a clival extension, and one patient had extension into the cavernous sinus. All underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery to correct visual symptoms. Gross total resection was achieved in three patients. Subtotal resections and a partial resection were performed in three patients and one patient, respectively. Surgical blood loss averaged 282 mL. One patient died from sepsis. Five patients developed complications (cerebrospinal fluid leakage in three, diabetes insipidus in two, anterior pituitary dysfunction in two, and colitis in one). At a mean follow-up of 15 months, three patients were alive. Visual symptoms improved in five patients and were unchanged in two. Trans-sphenoidal surgery helped improve visual symptoms in most patients. The morbidity rate was high and likely related to the locally destructive and extensive nature of the lesions in overall morbid patients with widespread metastatic disease. Unless nonoperative measures can provide equal results, however, this approach provides reasonable palliation.
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PMID:Efficacy of Trans-septal Trans-sphenoidal Surgery in Correcting Visual Symptoms Caused by Hematogenous Metastases to the Sella and Pituitary Gland. 1876 52

We report on a case of sepsis-associated irreversible blindness in a patient after transrectal rebiopsy of the prostate. The patient was on immunosuppressive and long-term antibiotic treatment. Such a severe complication after transrectal biopsy of the prostate is unusual. Peri-interventional antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the general risk for infections after needle biopsy of the prostate. To avoid severe complications, suitable antibiotic prophylaxis in high-risk patients is recommended.
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PMID:[Blindness after prostate biopsy]. 1903 22


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