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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fulminant bacterial sepsis has been described in patients with Hodgkin disease who have undergone splenectomy for staging purposes. The organisms commonly associated with sepsis in this setting include Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine (Merck) has recently been licensed and has been suggested for use in patients with Hodgkin disease who are at risk for postsplenectomy sepsis. We administered 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine to 24 patients with Hodgkin disease and 24 normal controls, and measured antibody response to 13 antigens at time of immunization and at 3 wk and 3 mo following immunization. Our results indicate that patients who have been previously treated for Hodgkin disease, with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both, have severe impairment of antibody response. Untreated patients, however, respond in a manner similar to normal controls.
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PMID:Use and efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in patients with Hodgkin disease. 4 Jun 35

Hemophilus influenzae infections are increasing in frequency in the general population. As a result this organism must be considered an etiologic agent of disease in the neonate. Proper culture technics must be routinely employed to isolate this fastidious organism, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy must be instituted in infants suspected of having sepsis or meningitis. Three cases of H influenzae infection occurring in neonates are presented.
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PMID:Reevaluation of neonatal Hemophilus influenzae infections. 30 Jan 77

To define the contribution of aggressive lymphoma treatment to the risk of post-splenectomy septicemia, we investigated the humoral immunity of 44 patients with Hodgkin's disease. Specific antibody against Haemophilus influenzae Type b was significantly reduced (mean, 147 ng per milliliter, P less than 0.01) in patients receiving combined treatment (radiotherapy and chemotherapy), whereas single treatment reduced titers marginally (chemotherapy) or not at all (radiotherapy). Untreated patients had normal values (396 ng per milliliter), and splenectomy was without effect. In some patients who received combined treatment, titers were reduced to levels seen in infants. IgM levels were likewise normal in untreated patients. Chemotherapy, however, significantly reduced IgM levels (P less than 0.025), an effect potentiated by prior splenectomy. IgG, IgA, alternate-pathway activity, C3, C4 and CH50 were all normal or elevated. Aggressive treatment with chemotherapy and radiation impairs humoral defense against encapsulated micro-organisms, and thus magnifies the risk of post-splenectomy septicemia in patients with Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Impaired humoral immunity in treated Hodgkin's disease. 30 8

The need for an accurate and rapid method of testing ampicillin susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae, especially strains isolated from patients with meningitis and septicemia, is indisputable. Various methods have been employed for this purpose. Each has advantages and disadvantages. This report describes a modification of the capillary acidometric procedure in which an agar plate is substituted for a tube. All beta-lactamase results obtained by this modified technique correlated with minimal inhibitory concentrations determined in liquid media and the chromogenic cephalosporin substrate method. This modified acidometric agar procedure is a simple, inexpensive, accurate, and rapid way to determine H. influenzae susceptibility to ampicillin.
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PMID:Acidometric agar plate method for ampicillin susceptibility testing of Haemophilus influenzae. 30 20

We have studied cefuroxime, a new beta-lactamase resistant cephalosporin, and cefoxitin, the first cephamycin antibiotic, which is also resistant to many beta-lactamases. Both of these antibiotics have been shown to be microbiologically superior to the "first generation" cephalosporins, cefuroxime having notable activity against Haemophilus influenzae, and cefoxitin against Bacteroides fragilis. Neither antibiotic is absorbed from the gut but, following parenteral administration, serum, urine and bile concentrations are high. Clinical trials have been conducted on both cefoxitin and cefuroxime. The results of these have been satisfactory and untoward side-effects minimal. We suggest that cefoxitin will be particularly valuable in the management of abdominal sepsis and cefuroxime in infections caused by H. influenzae.
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PMID:Studies with cefuroxime and cefoxitin. 30 60

We report a case of perinatal infection that we believe is the first documented report of a congenital vesicular eruption due to Haemophilus influenzae type b and the second report of puerperal sepsis with this organism. A vesicular eruption was noted at birth on an infant delivered at 37 weeks following 34 hours' premature rupture of membranes. Gram-negative rods were seen on Gram stain of vesicular fluid, and H. influenzae type b grew on cultures of vesicular fluid. The mother sustained postpartum septicemia with the same organism. Amnionitis and funistis were demonstrated histologically. Results of all viral studies were negative. Infant and mother did well with antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Congenital vesicular eruption caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. 30 88

Hemophilus influenzae sepsis, rare in adults, is reported for the first time in association with multiple myeloma. The patient developed fulminant septicemia involving multiple organs and disabling pyarthrosis due to nonencapsulated H influenzae, usually considered to be nonpathogenic. Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy cured the infection and prevented permanent joint disease. Also illustrated is the problem of establishing a diagnosis of myclomatosis in patients with septicemia. The English language literature on H influenzae sepsis and polyarthritis in association with myeloma has been reviewed.
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PMID:Hemophilus influenzae septicemia and polyarthritis in multiple myeloma. 31 78

In the first 4 years (1974 to 1978) of operation of the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, in Ottawa, 50 children were treated for septic arthritis. The neonatal group (birth to 6 months) of three patients had the most severe involvement and the worst prognosis. The early childhood group (6 months to 4 years) of 15 patients was characterized by sepsis due to Hemophilus influenzae. The 32 older children (4 to 16 years), more susceptible to staphylococcal infections, commonly presented with atypical and unusual symptoms. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was the most reliable laboratory investigation. Positive joint cultures were obtained in 66% of patients. Arthrotomy with drainage was the most reliable form of treatment, particularly in cases of hip joint sepsis. Six patients have substantial residual joint damage with some degree of permanent disability. Early diagnosis of the condition and rapid removal of pus are mandatory for the survival of the joint.
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PMID:Septic arthritis in childhood. 31 36

Hemophilus influenzae, usually pathogenic in the pediatric population, caused septicemia and peritonitis in the cirrhotic adult described here. Susceptibility to this unusual adult pathogen was perhaps related to liver disease or corticosteroid treatment. This organism has not previously been associated with the syndrome of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in an adult.
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PMID:Spontaneous peritonitis due to Hemophilus influenzae in an adult. 31 18

Ceforanide (BL-S 786) is a new long-acting parenteral cephalosporin which has the major pharmacologic advantage of requiring only twice a day dosage. We treated 28 adult patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia using doses of 500 or 1000 mg every 12 hours. Twenty-four of 28 infections were due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and/or Hemophilus influenzae, and all pathogens were susceptible in vitro to both cephalothin and ceforanide. Patients were treated for a mean of 7.5 days, and all showed a good clinical and radiographic response with no mortality. Of the 13 patients with H. influenzae, the organism could still be recovered during therapy in 9/12 and post therapy in 3/8. One clinical superinfection (sepsis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa) occurred during therapy. Side effects with therapy included thrombocytosis (15), asymptomatic eosinophilia (5), and mild elevation of the serum transaminases (3). These studies suggest that ceforanide is a safe and effective agent for the treatment of adult patients with bacterial pneumonia due to S. pneumoniae; further experience in therapy of H. influenzae is needed because of frequent failure of ceforanide to eradicate this organism from the sputum.
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PMID:Ceforanide (BL-S786) in the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. 31 29


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