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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of Escherichia coli septicemia with associated metastatic en dophthalmitis and endocarditis is presented. The ocular signs and symptoms were the initial manifestations of sepsis. Irreversible damage to the eye occurred in less than 24 hours. The pattern of metastatic bacterial endophthalmitis has changed since the introduction of potent antimicrobial agents, with an increased incidence of Gram-negative bacillemia. E. coli endophthalmitis carries a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and systemic treatment will prevent the life-threatening complications of sepsis.
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PMID:Endogenous E. coli endophthalmitis. 32 73

Acute intrinsic renal failure occurred in an adult patient with Escherichia coli septicemia. The clinical course did not include any of the circumstances usually present when acute renal failure complicates Gram-negative sepsis. A renal biopsy showed acute proliferative glomerulonephritis. There was no evidence to support other known causes of acute parenchymal renal failure, such as poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, or vasculitis. The patient recovered completely with antibiotic therapy, and renal function returned to normal within two weeks. An immunologic mechanism involving E coli was considered responsible for the acute renal failure.
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PMID:Gram-negative sepsis with acute renal failure. Occurrence from acute glomerulonephritis. 33 Aug 92

Ventilatory depression and apnea are well-known early pulmonary responses of sepsis in infants, yet their underlying mechanisms are not understood. To further elucidate the pathophysiology, we induced Escherichia coli septicemia in piglets and studied the sequential changes in intrapulmonary shunt (QS/QT), physiological dead space (VD/VT), minute ventilation (VE), and blood gases for up to 6 hours of lethal sepsis. Lung lymph was also collected and extravascular lung water (EVLW) was measured. Histology confirmed that interstitial edema developed 1 hour after E. coli infusion. These data suggest that high permeability pulmonary edema and hypoxemia following early intrapulmonary shunt increase may be the causes of septic ventilatory depression.
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PMID:[An experimental study on the pathophysiology of septic ventilatory depression]. 165 Jun 39

The influence of a moderate, standardized trauma on bacterial and endotoxin kinetics in post-traumatic Escherichia coli septicemia was studied in a porcine model. Septicemia was induced by intravenous infusion of live E. coli (2.5 x 10(9) cfu/kg, rough:K5:H6) into 14 piglets. Seven of these animals had been exposed to moderate trauma 48 hours previously. Following the E. coli infusion, cardiovascular signs of severe septicemia appeared in all the piglets, associated with gradual increase in the blood bacterial count and the plasma levels of endotoxin. This increase was significantly less pronounced in the animals with prior moderate trauma than in the nontraumatized animals. Thus no depression of the host defense system was demonstrable 2 days after moderate trauma.
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PMID:Depression of plasma endotoxin levels during gram-negative septicemia subsequent to moderate trauma. 266 91

Free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of gram-negative bacterial sepsis. We assessed the effectiveness of antioxidants and chelators to alter oxidative injury in established severe experimental Escherichia coli septicemia. One hour after challenge by intraperitoneal injection of bacteria, 36 rabbits were treated with moxalactam and randomized in sets of three to receive either placebo, superoxide dismutase (SOD), or a combination of antioxidants and chelators consisting of SOD, sodium thiosulfate, alpha-tocopherol, deferoxamine, and diethyldithiocarbamate. Throughout the course of treatment, levels of bacteremia and endotoxemia were similar among the three experimental groups. Neither antioxidant-treated group was significantly different from the control group in mean arterial blood pressure, leukocyte count, platelet count, core temperature, blood lactate, oxygenation or survival. Arterial pH and [HCO3-] were significantly lower in the antioxidant combination group compared to the control and SOD groups (P less than .01). In this model, antioxidant and chelator therapy does not substantially ameliorate established septicemia.
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PMID:Effect of antioxidants in experimental Escherichia coli septicemia. 268 47

The protective effect of xanthines against E. coli-induced and cytokine-induced lung injury in guinea-pigs has been demonstrated recently. In the present study, the possible protective effects were examined of an analogue of pentoxifylline, HWA-138, a xanthine derivative, on lung injury in septic guinea-pigs. Three groups of animals were studied over a period of 8 hours: Group I animals--saline control injected intravenously with 3 ml 2% lysine/normal saline followed by a continuous lysine/saline infusion (1 ml/kg/hr); Group II--septic control injected intravenously with 2 x 10(9)/kg Escherichia coli followed by a continuous lysine/saline infusion (1 ml/kg/hr); and Group III--E. coli septicaemia plus HWA-138 continuous infusion (HWA-138 dissolved in lysine/saline) began with a bolus (10 mg/kg) followed by a HWA-138 continuous infusion (3 mg/kg/hr) started 60 minutes before injection of E. coli. Arterial blood pressure and white blood cell counts were monitored serially for 8 hours. Lung water (wet-to-dry ratio) and the concentration ratio of 125I-labelled albumin in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue compared to plasma (125I-albumin BAL/plasma, 125I-albumin lung/plasma) were examined. Results demonstrated that an intravenous injection of E. coli caused an increased W/D ratio (p less than 0.01) and an increased 125I-albumin lung/plasma ratio (p less than 0.01). In contrast, the HWA-138-treated group did not demonstrate significantly increased W/D lung ratios (p less than 0.01) and 125I-albumin lung/plasma ratios (p less than 0.05). The data suggest a possible role for HWA-138 in attenuating sepsis-induced lung injury.
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PMID:Attenuation of acute lung injury in septic guinea-pigs by a new xanthine derivative (HWA-138). 268 96

Total serum iron, plasma lactoferrin and circulating leukocytes were measured in piglets during the early phase of severe gram-negative septicemia and endotoxemia in 3 experimental settings: intravenous (i.v.) infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (n = 8), i.v. infusion of live Escherichia coli (n = 7) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) infusion of E. coli (n = 6). Iron dropped significantly during the first 30 min of LPS infusion from a median of 32 microM to 13.4 microM. A similar decrease in serum iron was demonstrated in the 2 other groups with minimum values at 120 min after the start of E. coli infusion. Plasma levels of lactoferrin increased significantly 120 min after the start of LPS infusion (median 6 mg/l) when compared to preinfusion values (0.25 mg/l). After i.v. infusion of E. coli a significant rise of plasma lactoferrin was demonstrated already 30 min after bacterial infusion (to 2.1 mg/l) compared to preseptic values (0.8 mg/l). This increase was accompanied with a significant drop of circulating leukocytes (to 7.3 x 10(9)/l) compared to before the infusion (17 x 10(9)/l) in the pigs given E. coli i.v. After i.p. E. coli infusion no significant change of plasma lactoferrin was observed. The rapid fall of total serum iron seen during endotoxemia and E. coli septicemia may in part be explained by the release of lactoferrin from granulocytes and the clearance of iron-bound lactoferrin in the blood or peritoneal cavity.
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PMID:Early fall of circulating iron and rapid rise of lactoferrin in septicemia and endotoxemia: an early defence mechanism. 269 51

Total amino acid losses were measured daily in the ultrafiltrate collected from eight patients with acute renal failure treated by continuous high-flux venovenous hemofiltration. All patients had type-1 respiratory failure and required mechanical ventilation. Four patients also suffered cardiogenic shock and were dependent on two or more inotropic drugs; the other four had Escherichia coli septicemia. All patients received identical daily parenteral nutrition as a continuous infusion. The overall mean serum amino acid values were greater in the group with cardiogenic shock (180 +/- 36 [SEM] mumol/L) compared to those with septicemia (131 +/- 26 mumol/L; p less than .05). The daily ultrafiltrate losses of amino acids were also greater, 4.2 +/- 0.7 mmol/24 h (1.1 g N) compared to 2.1 +/- 0.3 mmol/24 h (0.6 g N, p less than .05). For all patients there was a positive correlation between the serum amino acid value and ultrafiltrate loss (r = .84, p less than .001). However, the slopes of the regression curves for the two groups differed (p less than .001), suggesting that for the same plasma value the ultrafiltrate loss was greater for those patients with cardiogenic shock.
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PMID:Amino acid losses during continuous high-flux hemofiltration in the critically ill patient. 279 62

In a retrospective study we found an increased incidence of E. coli septicemia and pyelonephritis among children cared for in a special neonatal ward during 1975 and 1976 compared to the following years. The study was undertaken because of a previously reported epidemic outbreak of E. coli pyelonephritis in children cared for in the same neonatal ward during 1979-1982. The increased incidence of infections seems to be caused by spread of one or several virulent E. coli strains in the ward. Two of the strains causing septicemia were saved. They showed a multiply resistant antibiotic pattern similar to most of the strains causing pyelonephritis among the children born at that time. Their serotype was O4:K3 and they were P-fimbriated. Septicemia occurred among high-risk infants at a mean age of five days, while pyelonephritis occurred among uncomplicated cases at a mean age of 3.9 months. The proposed spread of one or several virulent E. coli strains correlates to a high bed occupancy in the ward during that time. r = 0.38 (p less than 0.01).
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PMID:Epidemiological aspects of P-fimbriated E. coli. II. Variations in incidence of E. coli infections in children attending a neonatal ward. 287 Jun 1

Many strains of Escherichia coli possess an antigen that reacts with naturally occurring antibodies to human red cell B antigens. The authors tested the hypothesis that the presence of naturally occurring anti-B isoagglutinins afford protection against the development of E. coli septicemia. The blood groups found in 115 patients with E. coli septicemia were compared with those found in three "control" populations: 138 patients with septicemia due to other organisms, 23,135 hospitalized patients, and 40,038 normal blood donors. The relative incidence of B and AB blood groups (not containing anti-B antibodies) was significantly higher than A and O blood groups (containing anti-B antibodies) in the group with E. coli septicemia. This finding supports the hypothesis.
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PMID:Blood group incidence and Escherichia coli bacterial sepsis. 309 60


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