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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Treatment with type-specific IgG antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa significantly increased rates of survival after experimental induction of pseudomonas pneumonia in leukopenic dogs. Longer survival times were correlated with higher titers of circulating antibody in serum; however, no animals treated with antibody alone were long-term survivors. Subsequent development of sepsis or the recovery of Pseudomonas from infected lung tissue was not altered by treatment with antibody. Therapy with granulocyte transfusions plus gentamicin was associated with a 27% rate of long-term survival. Passive immunization with IgG (reciprocal mean hemagglutination titer, 52) in addition to granulocyte transfusions and treatment with gentamicin resulted in a rate of long-term survival of 67% (P less than 0.05). Dogs that died while receiving this combination therapy still had a survival time significantly longer than those of controls or animals treated only with granulocytes and antibiotic.
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PMID:Experimental pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in leukopenic dogs: prolongation of survival by combined treatment with passive antibody to Pseudomonas and granulocyte transfusions. 40 42

Ten severely burned (greater than 50% BSA) pediatric and young adult patients developed 19 episodes of clinical sepsis of four or more days duration. During eight of the 19 septic episodes the patients received granulocyte transfusions (median, four; range, two to seven). Risk variables, types and prevalence of infections, mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antibiotic regimens were similar for all the septic episodes studied. All eight episodes (100%) resolved in the transfused group while eight of 11 (72%) episodes resolved in the nontransfused group. Patients survived four episodes of ecthyma gangrenosum when granulocyte transfusions were used and the single episode in which they were not used was fatal. Granulocyte transfusions may be helpful in severely burned patients with sepsis.
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PMID:Granulocyte transfusions for patients with severe thermal burns. 41 32

Thirty-six febrile neutropenic episodes were treated by granulocyte transfusions in 33 children. Septicemia and mucous membrane ulcerations were most commonly associated with the fever. Infection cleared in 81% of the episodes, eight per cent ended in death from bacterial infections, 11% from nonbacterial infections or hemorrhage. The median number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes given was 1.1 X 10(10)/m2/transfusion. Two to twenty-eight (median 8.5) transfusions were given over 3--34 days (median 10.5). The source of cells (parental or random) and the method of collection did not seem to affect the outcome. None of the 23 patients whose marrow recovered during the transfusions died of bacterial infections. Infection cleared even without marrow recovery in 62% of the patients, but then only 25% lived for more than two months after clearing of sepsis. In a subgroup of patients with nonlymphoblastic leukemia on the same chemotherapy and antibiotic treatment protocol, 8/11 (73%) survived bacteremia when white cell support was available; only 2/11 (18%) of a historical control group survived when such support was not available. Granulocyte support appears to be a valuable tool in helping neutropenic patients overcome their infections or, at the very least, helping them survive long enough for normal marrow recovery to occur.
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PMID:Granulocyte transfusions in infected neutropenic children with malignancies. 44 Feb 6

During 23 exchange transfusions, the granulocytes from 27 donors and 16 newborn infants were tested for opsonic activity and granulocyte function by the nitrobluetetrazolium test. Granulocyte function in a newborn baby receiving an exchange transfusion can be altered positively or negatively, depending on the quality of the donor's blood. If exchange transfusion is used in the management of neonatal sepsis, special attention should be given to the immunological properties of the donor blood.
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PMID:Exchange transfusion in newborn infants: effects on granulocyte function. 51 6

Granulocytes for transfusion can now be obtained from normal donors by one of four techniques that involve either centrifugation or reversible adhesion of granulocytes to nylon fibers. The leukapheresis process appears to be safe for donors and standards for the selection and care of donors are being formulated. It appears desirable to transfuse granulocytes that are compatible in a leukoagglutination crossmatching, however, better methods for histocompatibility testing must be developed. Granulocyte transfusions clearly are of benefit to patients with Gram-negative sepsis and granulocyte counts of less than 500/cu mm for at least ten days. They may be valuable for granulocytopenic patients with other severe infections; however, there is no indication that granulocyte transfusions are indicated prophylactically or for febrile granulocytopenic patients without evidence of infection.
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PMID:Leukapheresis and granulocyte transfusion. 57 63

The patterns and types of infection in 93 infectious episodes in 76 patients who received supportive granulocyte transfusions are presented. In this population of infected patients 86 per cent had debilitating malignancies, 88 per cent of the infectious episodes were associated with severe (less than 100/microleters) neutropenia and septicemia was documented in 56 per cent. The overall four-week survival was 71 per cent. Patients with localized infection did extremely well. Pediatric patients also responded well to the transfusion dose and schedule. Older patients (greater than 60) and patients over the age of 17 with diffuse infection did not do as well. Delay in the initiation of granulocyte transfusions after a diagnosis of serious infection was a significant factor in the group which died less than four weeks after the initial WBC transfusion. Donor reactions in nylon filtration leukapheresis and problems associated with administration of nylon filter cells are presented and discussed.
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PMID:Supportive granulocyte transfusion in the infected severely neutropenic patient. 72 15

We have surveyed septicemic episodes occuring in individuals with acute leukemia and have found two factors favorably influencing survival, mainly granulocyte counts over 1,000 mm3 and gram-positive bacteremias. In contrast, blood cultures persistently positive for longer than 48 hours were a bad prognosticator. Significantly, patients with gram-positive bacteremia had received less antibiotics in the week prior to septicemia than had patients with gram-negative bacteremia.
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PMID:Septicemia in acute leukemia. 74 87

A modified bone marrow clonal cell culture technique was used to study granulocyte production during burn injury and sepsis. When rats were inflicted with a 30 percent third-degree scald burn, marrow cellularity and colony-forming units in culture (CFU-C) per 10(5) marrow cells increased progressively to four times normal by 7 days after injury. Conversely, When animals were burned and the burn wound immediately seeded with 10(8) Pseudomonas organisms, CFU-C declined steadily until the day of death and reflected a progressive loss in marrow cellularity. Further studies were conducted replacing or mixing standard colony-stimulating serum with burn, burn-infected, or normal rat serum. The results indicated that colony-stimulating activity could be supplied by postburn serum, but not with normal or burn-infected rat serum. Additionally, serum from burned-infected animals significantly inhibited colony formation when added to the standard colony-stimulating serum. Marrow failure appears to be the major cause for granulocytopenia in burn infection and may partly be serum mediated.
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PMID:Myelopoiesis in the infected burn. 83 11

The function of blood neutrophil granulocytes was studied in vitro in 17 patients with preleukaemia. 3 patients had a cellular defect of chemotaxis. 2 of them had monosomy-7 in bone marrow karyotype, in 1 associated with the deletion of the long arm of a chromosome 20. The third patient had trisomy-8. In the patient with trisomy-8, the high percentage of band neutrophils was possibly associated with the chemotactic defect. In another patient with trisomy-8 chemotaxis was normal. There was a statisically significant tendency to reduced phagocytosis and impaired ability to kill Staphylococcus aureus. 1 patient with a chemotactic defect and monosomy-7 suffered from repeated infections. The other 2 patients with defective chemotaxis had several febrile episodes most probably of infectious origin, and 1 of them died in sepsis. All of these 3 patients had cutaneous abscesses. It is concluded that defects in neutrophil granulocyte function are not uncommon in preleukaemia and may result in reduced resistance to infection.
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PMID:Function of neutrophils in preleukaemia. 85 6

Neutrophil granulocyte function was determined in three patients with systemic staphylococcal infection, clinical manifestations of generalized allergic disease, and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Each of the patients had urticarial skin rashes before or at the time of development of staphylococcal suppurative lymphadenitis, pneumonia, or sepsis. Neutrophil chemotaxis, random migration, phagocytosis, and bactericidal capacity were assessed to determine if an abnormality in these functions might have contributed to the development of severe staphylococcal infections. Each of the three patients with generalized urticaria was found to have a marked defect in neutrophil chemotaxis. The mean chemotactic index of the patients was 12 +/- 4, whereas that of 20 controls was 72 +/- 11. Neutrophil random migration, phagocytosis, and bactericidal capacity were normal in each patient. The serum or plasma of the patients did not inhibit chemotaxis of control neutrophils and did not contain an increased concentration of the chemotactic-factor inactivator found in normal serum. Treatment of the neutrophils of these three patients with the competitive histamine H2 receptor blocking agent, burimamide, produced a significant increase in chemotactic responsiveness. These studies suggest the possibility of pharmacologic modification of neutrophil granulocyte function.
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PMID:Severe staphylococcal disease associated with allergic manifestations, hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, and defective neutrophil chemotaxis. 97 42


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