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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

31 infants with anterior abdominal wall defects were treated over the past 10 years. Despite the falling birth rate gastroschisis occurred almost twice as often as omphalocele (19 and 12 cases, respectively). The mortality rate of 71% in omphalocele were related to large defects, rupture of the sac and associated cardiac malformations. The 73% incidence of prematurity, additional malformations and sepsis contributed to the mortality rate of 58% in gastroschisis.
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PMID:[Omphalocele and gastroschisis: clinical differences and surgical considerations. A ten year review (author's transl)]. 15 77

From 1982 to 1990, 31 neonates with omphalocele and 54 with gastroschisis were treated at Mackay Memorial Hospital. The overall survival rate for omphalocele was 71%, while it was 85% for gastroschisis. The rate of primary fascial closure for omphalocele (85%) and gastroschisis (87%) was similar. The mortality from omphalocele was almost exclusively due to the presence of serious associated congenital anomalies. Two cases of Cantrell's pentalogy and two of cloacal exstrophy were found. The incidence of major malformation with gastroschisis was 6%. Sepsis, inadequate perioperative resuscitation and prolonged gastrointestinal dysfunction were the major causes of death in gastroschisis. Among survivors, the hospital stay was significantly longer in the silon pouch group than in the primary fascial closure group (71.5 vs 31.3 days for gastroschisis, 41 vs 14 days for omphalocele). Advances in surgical technique, neonatal intensive care and ventilatory support have made primary fascial closure a superior approach without jeopardizing the babies' chance for survival. An improved survival rate and increased primary closure rate are the main features in the treatment of abdominal wall defects in the last decade.
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PMID:Experience with treatment of gastroschisis and omphalocele. 135 16

Intestinal malrotation may be complicated by volvulus and intestinal necrosis. One hundred two children (64 male, 38 female) undergoing surgical abdominal exploration from 1977 to 1987 had malrotation. Fifty-two patients were less than 7 days of age, 13 from 8 to 30 days, 26 from 31 to 365 days, and 11 were older than 1 year of age. Of infants, 39 of 65 had 40-week gestations, 18 of 65 had 36- to 39-week gestations, and 8 of 65 had less than 36-week gestations. Chief symptomatology included: bilious emesis (47), intestinal obstruction (19), abdominal pain (11), and bloody stools (7). Seventy patients had congenital anomalies (50 single, 20 multiple). Diagnostic evaluations included 56 upper gastrointestinal series and 27 barium enemas. Each patient underwent correction of malrotation and appendectomy, and correction of congenital anomalies (omphalocele-9, gastroschisis-6, diaphragmatic hernia-7). Complications included short gut (2), sepsis (5), feeding difficulties (2), pneumonia (3), small bowel obstruction (2), and other (15). Nine patients (8.8%) died (trisomy 18-1, trisomy 13-1, intestinal necrosis-3, hepatic failure-1, prematurity-1, other sepsis-2). Two hundred sixteen children with intestinal malrotation have been treated from 1937 to 1987. Mortality rate has improved from 23% to 2.9%.
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PMID:Malrotation of the intestine in children. 154 4

Optimal surgical management of neonates with gastroschisis and omphalocele remains controversial. Suggested benefits of primary fascial closure include earlier return of gastrointestinal function, decreased hospital stay, less sepsis, less risk of postoperative intestinal obstruction and fistulae, and lower mortality. Between 1978 and 1989, 40 neonates with gastroschisis or omphalocele underwent repair. Primary fascial repair was performed in 30 children, 18 of whom had a gastroschisis and 12 of whom had an omphalocele. Ten children had staged repair with the use of a silastic silo; seven of these had a gastroschisis and three an omphalocele. Comparison between the groups was made regarding birth weight, days on the ventilator before and after surgery, days to first feeding, days in the hospital after surgery, postoperative complications, and survival. There was no significant difference in birth weight, days on the ventilator, days to first feeding, and postoperative days in the hospital. There were nine complications in nine patients (30%) with primary repair and four complications in two patients (20%) with staged repair. Two infants died after primary repair (6.7%), and one (10%) died after staged closure. It was concluded that silastic silo repair and primary fascial closure are both acceptable alternatives. Primary closure is attractive whenever possible to avoid additional operations.
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PMID:Is primary repair of gastroschisis and omphalocele always the best operation? 200

A 93% survival rate was achieved in 80 neonates treated for gastroschisis between 1979 and 1986. Uncomplicated gastroschisis occurred in 70 infants (88%); 51% underwent staged silo reduction and 49% had primary fascial closure. Gastroschisis associated with intestinal atresia or volvulus was present in 10 neonates (12%), half of whom had a residual jejunoileum between 10 and 55 cm. Major postoperative complications included gastrointestinal problems (infarction, obstruction, and prolonged dysfunction), wound infection, and catheter-associated difficulties (sepsis, infiltration, and malposition). Three of the six deaths were related to associated conditions (extreme prematurity, trisomy 13, and multiple anomalies) and three were caused by intraoperative hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, and extensive short-bowel syndrome. No statistical difference in morbidity, mortality, and length of hospitalization was demonstrated between infants treated by silo reduction and primary closure. Safe management of gastroschisis should include an individualized assessment of visceroabdominal disproportion and degree of intraabdominal tension. Vigilant expectation of potentially life-threatening complications is required to decrease postoperative morbidity, irrespective of the technique of abdominal wall closure.
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PMID:An individualized approach to the management of gastroschisis. 213 18

In 14 newborns with gastroschisis, fascial closure was effected by muscular suture associated with teflon mesh prosthesis interposition. This was realized either in urgency during neonatal period (9), either secondly (5). Neonatal cases were treated between 0 h 30 and 5 h of age. Pulmonary hyper-pressure risk was very important when primary suture was early employed (card freq: 150 b. min-1. PA syst: 60 cm Hg; pulm pres: 20 cm Hg). When we used a teflon mesh prosthesis, we had 8 good results and only one initial death. 5 complications were represented by cutaneous ischemia which spontaneously disappeared (1), ischemia with infection and partial necrosis (2), important necrosis with teflon mesh prosthesis exteriorization (2). It has been definitely possible to achieve complete fascial in 7 newborns. Only one of them had a little ventral hernia. 5 newborns were early treated by simple skin coverage (Gross) as primary management. They have had teflon mesh prosthesis between 5 and 14 M of age and have undergone excision of the teflon mesh prosthesis and fascial repair without difficulty (5 good results). With teflon mesh prosthesis for treating congenital abdominal defects, abdominal hyper-pressure and pulmonary complications are exceptional. Local complications are very limited because of good vascular conditions. We did not have any adherences because of teflon mesh prosthesis good biological and histological tolerance. Digestive complications (statis, septicemia...) have been few and mild because physiological intra abdominal pressure has been early obtained.
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PMID:[Laparoschisis. Indications for a teflon patch in wall repair]. 214 1

Advantages of primary fascial closure of abdominal wall defects are mainly in reducing the number of staged procedures with related complications and the need of multiple operation. Nevertheless correction of large defects still remains a challenge to pediatric surgeon. Postoperative paralysis and mechanical ventilation after intraoperative milking of intestinal content and abdominal muscles stretching have been reported to reduce the risks of "forced" primary closure. A series of 64 Omphalocele and Gastroschisis has been reviewed. Associated anomalies are still the main cause of mortality among Omphalocele. Prematurity plays a secondary role on survival of Gastroschisis cases; deaths were mainly due to sepsis. Primary respiratory insufficiency affected a large number of Giant Omphalocele cases (larger than 5 cm with herniated liver) and was associated to a restricted chest structure. All these cases died in the first weeks of life. Primary closure with or without postoperative paralysis and mechanical ventilation showed to reduce in a significant way the postoperative complication rate compared to staged procedures. Mortality and hospital stay were not significantly influenced by different kinds of surgical treatment among Omphalocele. Associated anomalies are an unavoidable limiting factor to survival. Among Giant Omphalocele the use of aggressive primary fascial closure with ventilatory support showed in our hands to be a safe procedure provided that a preoperative selection of cases on the basis of chest X-ray and blood gases has been made.
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PMID:[One-stage "forced" closure of large congenital defects of the abdominal wall with mechanical ventilation and curarization. Clinical evaluation]. 214 95

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are widely used in neonates, but have significant complication rates. Over a 4-year period, 65 lines were inserted in 55 surgical neonates with a total of 877 catheter days. The mean length of insertion was 13.5 days, with a range of 1 to 35 days. Eighty percent of the surgical diagnoses were of necrotising enterocolitis, diaphragmatic hernia, or gastroschisis. Insertion was almost exclusively via the internal jugular vein. Only two Broviac catheters were used, the other catheters were noncuffed. Fourteen (22%) were inserted in the neonatal unit, with a similar complication rate to those inserted in the surgical theater. Overall, complications occurred with 22 lines (34%), seven of which (11%) were primary catheter sepsis (infection incidence, 1:125 days). One patient died as a result of catheter sepsis. Although the complication rate was similar, the complication incidence per day of catheter usage was higher than comparable reports. It is not clear if this was due to the pathological conditions of the surgical neonate, surgical or nursing technique, or the type of catheter used.
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PMID:Central venous catheters in surgical neonates. 235 97

Fourteen infants with extensive short-bowel syndrome (SBS) were treated from 1978 through 1987 at the Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. Extensive SBS was defined as a residual jejunoileum that was 25% or less than the normal expected length for each infant's gestational age. The cause of the SBS included gastroschisis (5), jejunal atresia (5), necrotizing enterocolitis (2), midgut volvulus (1), and congenital SBS (1). Infants had a mean residual jejunoileal length of 32 cm, which represented an average of 16% of normal expected jejunoileal length for gestational age. The most significant complications were associated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN): catheter sepsis (13/14 infants); cholestasis (8/14); central venous thrombosis (4/14); and cholelithiasis (3/14). The survival rate was 86%; two infants died of end-stage liver disease. Eight of 12 survivors (67%) have had intestinal adaptation develop and have discontinued TPN; three are maintained with combined TPN-enteral feeding; and one receives only TPN. Mean cost of the initial hospitalization was $315,000 with an average stay of 450 days. Survival and eventual enteral alimentation may be expected for most neonates with extensive SBS despite significant morbidity.
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PMID:Extensive short-bowel syndrome in neonates: outcome in the 1980s. 249 80

Recent reports concerning the treatment of gastroschisis suggest that primary closure results in more rapid return of gastrointestinal function, a shortened hospitalization, diminished perinatal complications, and improved long-term survival. A 4-year retrospective review of infants treated for gastroschisis at the University of Florida yielded 30 infants requiring repair of this abdominal wall defect. The series included 19 males and 11 females, and the average abdominal wall defect measured 4 cm in its greatest dimension. Nine infants (mean weight, 2,275 gm) were repaired using a staged closure using a silastic (six) or cutaneous (three) silo. Complete fascial closure was accomplished in an average of 8 days in the silastic group and 15 days in the infants with skin flaps. Mean age at start of enteral feeds was 23 days, with complete oral feedings at 43 days. Twenty-one infants (mean weight, 2,127 gm) underwent primary fascial closure. Three deaths occurred in the perioperative period: one from acute renal failure and two from sepsis secondary to a segment of necrotic intestine. An additional infant developed postoperative necrotizing entercolitis but recovered. Two infants in this group also had jejuno-ileal atresia requiring extensive small bowel resection. In the remaining 15 infants, oral alimentation was initiated for an average of 23 days, with full oral alimentation at 46 days. The data suggest that the recovery of the gastrointestinal system, adequate enough to support total oral alimentation, is unrelated to the initial surgical procedure chosen to obtain fascial closure in the newborn with gastroschisis. In addition, vigorous attempts at primary fascial closure may jeopardize intestinal viability, diminish ventilatory function, and result in unnecessary morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:The effect of initial operative repair on the recovery of intestinal function in gastroschisis. 252 6


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