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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two problems are discussed: hospital infection of neonates and potentially fatal neonatal infections caused by group B streptococci and E. coli K1. The incidence of hospital acquired infections in a neonatal intensive care ward was 12.4%. Premature infants with an average weight of 1673 g were particularly prone to infection. On the average, infected patients stayed in hospital 34.8 days, uninfected patients 6.8 days. The most common infections were sepsis, skin infections, infections of the upper and lower airways and meningitis. Group B streptococci are among the most frequent pathogens of potentially fatal postnatal infections. The "early" form (usually sepsis) and "late" form (usually meningitis) are presented in detail.
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PMID:[Postnatal infections with problem organisms (author's transl)]. 11 Oct 99

Internal intrapartum fetal monitoring has been implicated as a source of maternal and fetal sepsis. We report water-borne contamination of a component of the intrauterine pressure transducer and suggest that this may be a potential source of nosocomial infection.
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PMID:Water-borne contamination of intrauterine pressure transducers. 43 37

Utilizing a semiquantitative technique for culturing vascular catheters, we prospectively studied the risk and profile of infection caused by arterial catheters used for hemodynamic monitoring in 95 patients with a high risk of nosocomial infection. Of 130 catheters, 23 (18 per cent) produced local infection (larger than or equal to 15 colonies on semi-quantitative culture) and five septicemia (4 per cent). Sixteen of the 23 local infections and all septicemias occurred with catheter placements exceeding four days (p less than 0.001). Other factors associated with an increased risk of infection included insertion by surgical cut-down rather than percutaneously (ninefold increased rate of bacteremia, p = 0.008) and the presence of local inflammation (12-fold increase, p = 0.009). Systemic antimicrobial therapy (given to 80 per cent of the entire group and to four of the five with septicemia) did not protect against catheter-related infection but may account for the predominance of enterococci, Candida and gram-negative bacilli in these infections. Twelve per cent of all nosocomial bacteremias occurring in this critical care unit population originated from an arterial catheter. Indwelling arterial catheters pose a significant risk of bacteremic infection to ctirically ill patients. The percutaneous mode of placement is preferred; when prolonged arterial cannulation is required, the site should be rotated every four days. Local pain or inflammation, or clinical signs of sepsis without an obvious source should prompt removal and culture of the catheter.
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PMID:Infections caused by aterial catheters used for hemodynamic monitoring. 50 85

The incidence of hospital-acquired infections varies between 2 and 15% (on average 5 to 8%). Most common nosocomial infections are urinary tract infections, wound infections, respiratory tract infections, septicemia and infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Nosocomial infections arise essentially via two routes: endogenously from the bodies own flora or exogenously via direct or indirect contact with the patient. Bacteria are most commonly transmitted from patient to patient by hands. Air as a vehicle, by which bacteria are transmitted, plays a relatively minor role. Priorities in hospital infection control are: hand washing and hand desinfection, improvement of certain nursing techniques, isolation of infected or susceptible patients, an infection control team with a nurse epidemiologist, surveillance and control of antibiotic therapy regimens, especially of antibiotic prophylaxis. Routine floor desinfection could not be shown to significantly reduce the hospital infection rate.
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PMID:[Patient-oriented prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections (author's transl)]. 52 23

Data on the incidence of community-acquired and nosocomial septicemia, on the incidence and distribution of nosocomial infections, and on the additional hospital costs due to nosocomial infections are shown to be different in a community teaching hospital from data in university, federal, or country hospitals. Incidence of septicemia and nosocomial infection varies in direct relation to the underlying disease categories "nonfatal," "ultimately fatal," and "rapidly fatal." Patient population mixes of these underlying disease categories are different between community and noncommunity hospitals. These differences can account for the reported difference in incidence of septicemia and nosocomial infections between such hospitals. National extrapolation of incidence data must take these differences into account.
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PMID:Septicemia and nosocomial infections in a community hospital. 71 48

This report describes the development of fatal pneumococcal pneumonia and septicemia following fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination and endobronchial biopsy of a patient with severe chronic congestive heart failure. Although a causal relationship has not been proven, the temporal sequence seems to favor this over a coincidental nosocomial infection. This case emphasizes that significant and occasionally fatal infectious complications may occur following fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination.
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PMID:Fatal pneumonitis and septicemia after fiberoptic bronchoscopy. 87 39

Over 22-1/2 months an epidemic of at least 127 cases of nosocomial infection developed from a strain of Proteus rettgeri resistant to all antibiotics commonly tested in hospital laboratories. Although there were at least four cases of septicemia and one related death, the majority of cases consisted of asymptomatic bacteriuria or clinically mild urinary tract infection. Indwelling urinary tract devices and antibiotic therapy were important predisposing factors. Data supported an association between increasing use of gentamicin and increasing rates of resistant infection. No common source was found, and contact spread appeared more likely. Control measures included efforts to reduce unnecessary exposure to the incriminated risk factors and to improve asepsis in the management of catheterized patients. An additional 36 cases and one related death were identified in the 7-1/2 months following the investigation and institution of control measures. Nosocomial infection with extremely resistant organisms may pose a serious hazard wherever indwelling urinary tract devices and antibiotics are used together intensively.
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PMID:Nosocomial infection with highly resistant, Proteus rettgeri. Report of an epidemic. 96 94

The safety and efficacy of tobramycin and cephalothin in treatment of suspected sepsis were studied in neutropenic children with various malignancies. Twenty episodes of suspected sepsis in 19 febrile children with cancer were treated with parenteral tobramycin and cephalothin; the duration of therapy ranged from one to 80 days. In 14 of the 20 episodes of suspected sepsis, a favorable clinical response was achieved within five days after initiation of antibiotic therapy. These episodes included a urinary tract infection with Proteus mirabilis and sepsis due to Escherichia coli. In four of the additional six episodes, clinical deterioration was though to be caused by the underlying malignancies. Two episodes included a case of E. coli spesis that ended fatally and a nosocomial infection with Eikenella corrodens. Results of this study suggest that combination therapy with tobramycin and cephalothin is safe and efficacious in treatment of suspected sepsis in febrile children with malignancies and neutropenia.
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PMID:Tobramycin and cephalothin for treatment of suspected sepsis in neutropenic children with cancer. 97 78

The authors report a nosocomial infection outbreak by Klebsiella pneumoniae, observed in neonates at a gyneco-obstetrical hospital from Mexico City. Forty six newborns presented one or more infections due to K. pneumoniae during their stay in neonatal care units, between October 3 and November 12, 1988. Sepsis was documented in 41 cases by clinical picture and routine laboratory exams, including one positive, blood culture at least. The most frequent invasive procedures practiced in these patients were catheterization and ventilatory support. K. pneumoniae was isolated as well from several environmental sources that could have led to infection of patients. Treatment of cases was initiated with ampicillin-amikacin, however, therapeutic failure with a lethality rate of 50% (14/28) and results of antimicrobial susceptibility conducted to treatment with cefotaxime. Fifteen out of 19 patients receiving the cephalosporin survived. To prevent outbreaks like the one presented here, we concluded that appropriate measures dealing with hygiene and education of personnel plus monitoring of bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobials, should prove successful in our environment.
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PMID:Neonatal septicaemia due to K. pneumoniae. Septicaemia due to Klebsiella pneumoniae in newborn infants. Nosocomial outbreak in an intensive care unit. 134 98

Although catheter-related sepsis (CRS) is an important cause of nosocomial infection and the major complication of intravenous catheter use, there is, as yet, no consensus concerning either a useful definition of CRS or the optimal method of catheter management and prevention of infection. Semiquantitative culture of catheter tips is a useful method of diagnosis of CRS but other techniques such as quantitative catheter blood cultures and Gram staining of the catheter have roles in selected patients. The most significant impact on the prevention of CRS is made by the introduction of an intravenous therapy team. The site and method of catheter insertion, type of dressing and antisepsis, catheter flushing and use of prophylactic antibiotics are also important issues. Techniques such as guide-wire exchange and catheters such as triple lumen and total implantable venous access devices have their own infection problems. Many new and interesting approaches to the prevention of CRS are being formulated. To facilitate further progress, a standardized definition for diagnosis, and revised recommendations for prevention of CRS would be helpful.
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PMID:Vascular catheter-related sepsis: diagnosis and prevention. 135 51


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