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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two neonates had early onset Diplococcus pneumoniae septicemia and pneumonia. Both recovered after intensive respiratory and antibiotic therapy, although a review of the literature indicates that early pneumococcal septicemia has been associated with an extremely high mortality. Pneumococcal septicemia in a one-year period accounted for 12% of all documented neonatal bacteremias. This may indicate an increasing incidence of this organism in newborns.
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PMID:Pneumococcal sepsis and pneumonia in the neonate. 44 15

The existence of the overwhelming postsplenectomy infection syndrome in adults after traumatic splenectomy is controversial. Due to the similarity of the porcine immune system to man we chose the pig to study subsets of peripheral mononuclear cells after splenectomy and resistance to experimental Pneumococcal infection after splenic surgery and specific immunization. Female miniature pigs were assigned to four operative groups: sham operation, splenectomy, splenic resection, and heterotopic splenic autotransplantation. Hematologic and flow cytometric analysis of mononuclear cells and their subsets revealed a marked leukocytosis following splenectomy and autotransplantation but no significant shift in monocyte and B-cell numbers. Response of leukocytes to septicemia, bacterial elimination from peripheral blood, and mortality were not affected by splenectomy or spleen-preserving operations. Mortality of splenectomized animals was 18%, compared to 42% in sham-operated controls (difference not significant). Immunization protected animals from development of leukopenia, and led to an enhanced bacterial elimination, and a significantly decreased mortality of 5%, compared to 48% in nonimmune animals. Thus our data do not show significant effects of splenectomy on subsets of porcine mononuclear cells or on resistance to experimental Pneumococcal septicemia.
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PMID:Splenectomy does not influence outcome of pneumococcal septicemia in a porcine model. 199 78

Patients with sickle cell disease are predisposed to infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, there has been only one published case of bacteremic pneumococcal meningitis in an adult with sickle cell anemia. We report here the cases of six adults with sickle cell disease, pneumococcal sepsis, and meningitis. Five patients were male and one was female. Their ages ranged from 18 to 34 years (mean, 25.7 years). Five patients had the SS and one had the SC hemoglobin phenotype. Only one patient had received pneumococcal vaccine (14 valent). This vaccine did not protect against the pneumococcal serotype causing his infection. All patients had high fever (mean, 39.8 degrees C [103.7 degrees F]) on admission; five had generalized weakness and four had neck stiffness. Leukocyte counts were greater than 30,000/mm3 in all patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid in all patients. The cerebrospinal fluid showed pleocytosis in six patients, an elevated protein level in five, and hypoglycorrhachia in two. Complications included renal failure in four patients, disseminated intravascular coagulation in one, and seizures in another. Two patients died. Pneumococcal sepsis and meningitis are uncommon in adults with sickle cell disease, but they carry a high morbidity and mortality. Wider use of the new 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine in these patients is recommended.
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PMID:Pneumococcal sepsis and meningitis in adults with sickle cell disease. 240 40

Pneumococcal sepsis and pneumonia in the neonate are rarely reported. They appear either as an early-onset respiratory distress with a high mortality rate or as a delayed infection. The authors describe 3 term neonates with an early respiratory distress syndrome and recall the main points of this severe foeto-maternal infection. Neonatal pneumococcal sepsis is strikingly similar to early-onset group B streptococcal infection. The isolation of the germ in the mother's vaginal flora is hazardous. Such cases suggest that early respiratory support and intensive circulatory resuscitation lead only to a slight decrease in the mortality rate, and thus preventive antibiotherapy is a necessity.
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PMID:[Pneumococcal pneumonia and septic shock in the newborn infant]. 318 22

Although polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine and prophylactic penicillin are used to prevent overwhelming Streptococcus pneumoniae septicemia in infants and young children with sickle cell anemia, infection rates remain high. We have reviewed our seven-year experience with a regimen of twice daily oral penicillin V potassium prophylaxis in 88 affected children. The median age at the start of prophylaxis was 10 months, and the median duration of prophylaxis was 29 months (range, three months to seven years). The total period of observation of patients who were prescribed penicillin was 248 person-years. Most patients also received one or two doses of polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine. Despite penicillin prophylaxis and pneumococcal vaccine, eight episodes of S pneumoniae septicemia have occurred and three have been fatal. Four episodes were in children older than 3 years. Suboptimal compliance with the prescribed oral penicillin regimen was usually apparent. With one possible exception, the infections occurred when penicillin had not been taken during the previous 24 hours. The S pneumoniae septicemia rate in this patient population, 3.2 per 100 person-years, is somewhat less than that described in previous reports of children not receiving penicillin but is still unacceptably high. Vigorous advocacy of a penicillin prophylaxis regimen does not eliminate the risk of pneumococcal septicema in this patient population.
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PMID:Pneumococcal septicemia despite pneumococcal vaccine and prescription of penicillin prophylaxis in children with sickle cell anemia. 396 35

Pneumococcal sepsis is a life-threatening complication in splenectomised patients even since the introduction of a polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine. Eight episodes of pneumococcal sepsis in seven properly vaccinated splenectomised patients are described. All but two of the causative serotypes were included in the vaccine. The fact that most of the patients were immunosuppressed may explain the failure of the vaccine in these particular patients. A survey of 59 episodes of pneumococcal bacteraemia during 1982 at the Soroka Medical Center, however, shows that 32% of the strains of pneumococci isolated were among seven types not included in the vaccine. The addition of continuous antibiotic prophylaxis in vaccinated and splenectomised patients is suggested.
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PMID:Pneumococcal infections among immunised and splenectomised patients in Israel. 398 Oct 23

A literature review, following the observation of 4 cases of pneumococcal septicemia in splenectomized patients, demonstrated that infection was frequent in subjects with functional or anatomical asplenia, usually in the form of a pneumococcal septicemia. Infection occurs one hundred times more frequently in splenectomized patients than in the general population. The risk of developing an infection varies from one patient to another, and is related to the motive for splenectomy, the period since operation, and the age of the patient at the time of surgery. Pneumococcal septicemia in such cases is distinguished by its insidious nature and its very poor prognosis, the outcome being fatal in 50 to 70 p. cent of cases. This justifies intensive prophylactic measures: partial splenectomy, heterotopic transplantation, anti-pneumococcal vaccination, and long-term antibiotic therapy. None of these methods offers absolute protection, and indications for splenectomy should therefore be limited to the strict minimum.
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PMID:[Splenectomy and pneumococcal septicemia]. 686 17

The frequencies of splenectomy and post-splenectomy septicemia over a 10-year period in the Stockholm area were studied. The main observation was a significantly increased risk of pneumococcal septicemia in splenectomized patients, in particular HD patients. At the two clinics for infectious diseases in Stockholm, 1310 septicemia patients were treated, and among these, 14 splenectomized patients. In the total material, pneumococci were the causative agent in 4.7% but splenectomized patients had pneumococcal septicemia in 71% (10/14). In the 12 surgical clinics of Stockholm, 1148 splenectomies had been performed during the period, among these, 76 in HD patients. Pneumococcal septicemia occurred in 5 splenectomized HD patients.
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PMID:Post-splenectomy septicemia in Hodgkin's disease and other disorders. 722 96

Six cases of fatal pneumococcal sepsis are described, occurring in the post-allograft setting, between 3 and 39 months after transplantation. Five of the six patients were suffering from chronic graft-versus-host disease and were receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Most were receiving prophylactic antibiotic therapy. This represents approximately 2% of the allograft population treated during the study period who survived for > 3 months after transplant. Pneumococcal sepsis is thus still a significant cause of death after allogeneic BMT and approaches to minimise its occurrence are discussed.
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PMID:Fatal pneumococcal infections following allogeneic bone marrow transplant. 771 68

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes lobar pneumonitis but primary peritonitis can occur in cyrrotic adults as well as in children affected by nephrosis and immunopathies. In young females peritonitis can be the consequence of infection localized at genital organs. Pneumococcal sepsis is becoming rare with the antibiotic era but resistance to penicillin is actually frequent and is becoming a problem for elderly. We report a case of a young woman affected by spontaneous primary peritonitis and pneumococcal sepsis. The prevalent symptoms were gastrointestinal: diarrhea and emesis. No infectious foci could be detected on imaging studies and during surgery.
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PMID:[Primary pneumococcal peritonitis: description of a case and review of the literature]. 1075 66


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