Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 13-year-old patient developed severe shock due to administration of a Yersinia enterocolitica-contaminated red blood cell concentrate. Y. enterocolitica (serotype O:9, biotype II) was cultivated from the residual blood in the blood bag and from a stool sample of the blood donor. In the donor's plasma immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG antibodies against Yersinia outer proteins (YopM, -H, -D, and -E) were found. Since the donor remembered a short-lasting, mild diarrhea 14 days prior to blood donation, a transient attack of Yersinia enteritis may be associated with a longer than expected period of asymptomatic bacteremia that causes contamination of donor blood. Serological screening for IgM antibodies against Yersinia outer proteins might offer a way to reduce the risk of transfusion-associated Y. enterocolitica sepsis.
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PMID:Bacteriological and serological findings in a further case of transfusion-mediated Yersinia enterocolitica sepsis. 1087 90

High pathogenicity islands (HPIs), first identified in various Yersinia species, encode an iron uptake system. We have studied the occurrence of HPIs in septicemic strains of Escherichia coli isolated from a variety of hosts. The results presented in this communication indicate that most septicemic strains tested contained HPI sequences even though they already have the aerobactin encoding genes. We have also observed two types of HPI deletions, suggesting genetic instability of this element. Notable exceptions are several strains isolated from septicemia in sheep that lacked both iron acquisition systems.
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PMID:Yersinia HPI in septicemic Escherichia coli strains isolated from diverse hosts. 1125 48

Human-monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) are very efficient in the uptake of Listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive bacterium which is an important pathogen in humans and animals causing systemic infections with symptoms such as septicemia and meningitis. In this work, we analyzed the influence of blood plasma on the internalization of L. monocytogenes into human MoDC and compared the uptake of L. monocytogenes with that of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Yersinia enterocolitica. While human plasma did not significantly influence the uptake of serovar Typhimurium and Y. enterocolitica by human MoDC, the efficiency of the uptake of L. monocytogenes by these phagocytes was strongly enhanced by human plasma. In plasma-free medium the internalization of L. monocytogenes was very low, whereas the addition of pooled human immunoglobulins resulted in the internalization of these bacteria to a degree comparable to the highly efficient uptake observed with human plasma. All human plasma tested contained antibodies against the 60-kDa extracellular protein of L. monocytogenes (p60), and anti-p60 antibodies were also found in the commercially available pooled immunoglobulins. Strikingly, in contrast to L. monocytogenes wild type, an iap deletion mutant (totally deficient in p60) showed only a minor difference in the uptake by human MoDC in the presence or the absence of human plasma. These results support the assumption that antibodies against the listerial p60 protein may play an important role in Fc-receptor-mediated uptake of L. monocytogenes by human MoDC via opsonization of the bacteria. This process may have a major impact in preventing systemic infection in L. monocytogenes in immunocompetent humans.
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PMID:Antibodies against listerial protein 60 act as an opsonin for phagocytosis of Listeria monocytogenes by human dendritic cells. 1129 29

We report a case of transfusion-mediated Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia in a 43-y-old woman with homozygous beta-thalassemia. Two h after transfusion of 3 units of red blood cells the patient suffered high-grade fever and shaking chills. Y. enterocolitica serotype O3 grew in blood cultures. Prolonged treatment with i.v. ceftriaxone plus ciprofloxacin led to a favorable outcome. Transfusion-associated Y. enterocolitica septicemia has not previously been reported in an adult beta-thalassemic patient from the Mediterranean area. Our report is particularly important, because of the high incidence of chronically transfused thalassemic patients in Mediterranean countries.
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PMID:Transfusion-mediated Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia in an adult patient with beta-thalassemia. 1176 Jan 71

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that may cause severe infections in humans and other vertebrates. In addition, a human clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa, strain PA14, also causes disease in a variety of nonvertebrate hosts, including plants, Caenorhabditis elegans, and the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. This has led to the development of a multihost pathogenesis system in which plants, nematodes, and insects have been used as adjuncts to animal models for the identification of P. aeruginosa virulence factors. Another approach to identifying virulence genes in bacteria is to take advantage of the natural differences in pathogenicity between isolates of the same species and to use a subtractive hybridization technique to recover relevant genomic differences. The sequenced strain of P. aeruginosa, strain PAO1, has substantial differences in virulence from strain PA14 in several of the multihost models of pathogenicity, and we have utilized the technique of representational difference analysis (RDA) to directly identify genomic differences between P. aeruginosa strains PA14 and PAO1. We have found that the pilC, pilA, and uvrD genes in strain PA14 differ substantially from their counterparts in strain PAO1. In addition, we have recovered a gene homologous to the ybtQ gene from Yersinia, which is specifically present in strain PA14 but absent in strain PAO1. Mutation of the ybtQ homolog in P. aeruginosa strain PA14 significantly attenuates the virulence of this strain in both G. mellonella and a burned mouse model of sepsis to levels comparable to those seen with PAO1. This suggests that the increased virulence of P. aeruginosa strain PA14 compared to PAO1 may relate to specific genomic differences identifiable by RDA.
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PMID:Identification of virulence genes in a pathogenic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by representational difference analysis. 1180 55

A prospective study was carried out on 210 cases of children under 10 years of age with fever. Cases of gastroenteritis, respiratory tract infections, and suspected sepsis in children seen or admitted to the pediatric hospital were studied. Clinical and microbiological data were recorded in a questionnaire or obtained from patient medical records. Most of the children with septicemia (71.3 per cent) were less than 1 year old. Focal source of bacteremia was gastroenteritis (40.4 per cent), pneumonia or bronchopneumonia (20 per cent), meningitis (7.4 per cent), and urinary tract infections (7.4 per cent). The predominant pathogens isolated from blood or stool specimens were gram-positive bacteria (53.3 per cent), mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. The gram-negative bacteria (45.6 per cent) were mainly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Yersinia spp. One case of Candida albicans (1.1 per cent) was reported. Pasteurella pneumotropica was reported in two cases for the first time. The mortality rate was 4 per cent, mostly from septicemia cases. Long duration of hospitalization (> 10 days) and parenteral feeding were identified as risk factors. Resistance of the isolated pathogens to several commonly used antibiotics was observed. Empirical treatment with antibiotics is recommended only in life-threatening cases.
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PMID:Bacteremia in children: etiologic agents, focal sites, and risk factors. 1182 4

In this study, we investigated the colonizing ability as well as the association of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:9 to epithelial cells of the intestinal tract, Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen and lungs in Alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in mice and controls. The results showed that: (a) in diabetic mice the Y. enterocolitica colonizing values were in range of 10(6.5)-10(8.25) CFU/g of feces; (b) maximum colonizing values were found in distal ileum and Peyer's patches and lower in colon; (c) the infection was progressive with dissemination of bacteria in the liver, spleen and lung; (d) in control (non-diabetic) mice, the colonizing values were 10-100 times lower than those found in the diabetic batch; (e) the main histopathological changes noticed, namely ileitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis and septicemia, were presumably induced by high bacterial load in the liver, spleen and lung leading to a septic course of infection as well as toxic effects of heat-stable enterotoxins of Y. enterocolitica (Yst). The results were confirmed by electron microscopy observations. Summing up, these results demonstrate that diabetic mice were more susceptible to Y. enterocolitica cells than normal mice.
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PMID:Studies on pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica in mice with diabetes mellitus. 1184 54

Yersinia pestis infection usually is limited to lymph nodes (bubo); rarely, if bacteria are aerosolized, pneumonic plague occurs. We developed an immunohistochemical assay using a monoclonal anti-fraction 1 Y pestis antibody for formalin-fixed tissues. We studied 6 cases using this technique. Respiratory symptoms were prominent in 2 cases; histologically, one showed intra-alveolar inflammation, and the other had alveolar hemorrhage and edema. By using the immunohistochemical assay, we found intact Yersinia and granular bacterial antigen staining in alveoli, bronchi, and blood vessels. Of the remaining cases, 2 had septicemia and 2 had a bubo. Pathologic changes included lymphocyte depletion, necrosis, edema, and foamy macrophages in lymph nodes; multiple abscesses in the spleen; fibrin thrombi in glomeruli; and unremarkable lungs. By using the immunohistochemical assay, we identified intact bacteria inside monocytes and granular antigen staining in blood vessels. The immunohistochemical assay provided a fast, nonhazardous method for diagnosing plague. The immunohistochemical assay localizes bacteria, retaining tissue morphologic features, and can help define transmission mechanisms.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of Yersinia pestis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. 1186 16

The modelling of glandular plague and selection of the conditions for estimating the efficacy of new antibacterials for the treatment of the infection were performed on hamadryads (baboons). The experiments showed that the average LD50 of the culture of a highly virulent strain of Yersinia pestis on its subcutaneous administration to the animals was 2089 viable microbes. In 18 per cent of the episodes the experimental glandular plague in the animals was complicated by secondary plague pneumonia. Subcutaneous administration of 2 x 10(7) viable microbial cell of the plague pathogen caused acute sepsis and the animal death. The treatment of the experimental glandular plague in the hamadryads demonstrated that new antibacterials such as amikacin, netilmicin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, doxycycline, rifampicin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were not inferior in their efficacy to streptomycin and tetracycline successfully used in the therapy of patients with plague.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the effectiveness of antibacterial substances in treating an experimental form of bubonic plague in monkeys]. 1187 19

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative pathogen causing life-threatening infections. Lung injury and the development of sepsis depend largely on the expression of type III secretion system (TTSS) virulence. TTSS functions as a molecular syringe to deliver toxins directly to the cytosol of cells, inhibit innate immune mechanisms, and prevent bacterial clearance. Polyclonal antibodies that bind to PcrV of P. aeruginosa inhibit the delivery of type III toxins and enhance the clearance of bacteria during acute lung infections. PcrV is a homologue of LcrV, a protective antigen in the Yersinia TTSS and an integral component of TTSS. In this study, a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) to PcrV was generated: MAb 166, which is protective against P. aeruginosa when coinstilled with the bacterial inoculum or intraperitoneally transferred to mice. Fab fragments from MAb 166 prevent sepsis and death. The epitope bound by MAb 166 was mapped to the carboxyl-terminus of PcrV.
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PMID:Generation and characterization of a protective monoclonal antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PcrV. 1208 63


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