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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

35 males and 23 females with skin and soft tissue infection, lower respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection or septicemia with known etiology were treated with cefamandole nafate. The patients were to a large extent (30%) alcoholics and/or drug abusers. Cefamandole was given intravenously as 4 daily doses of 1 g in 52 cases and of 2 g in 6 cases for 8 to 16 (mean 10) days. The effect was considered to be good in 40 patients (70%). Adverse reactions, mostly slight and transient, were seen in 22 patients (38%). Peak serum levels varied from 26 to 82 (mean 50) micrograms/ml after 1 g doses and from 68 to 100 micrograms/ml after 2 g. Previous statements of a better in vitro activity of cefamandole than of older cephalosporins against some gram-negative bacilli were corroborated.
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PMID:Cefamandole nafate: an evaluation of antibacterial activity, serum levels, clinical effect, and incidence of side reactions in 58 patients. 46 28

Six cases of Providencia bacteremia occurring between 1969 and 1978 were reviewed. These cases represented 3% of the gram-negative bacteremias occurring at one hospital. All six cases of Providencia bacteremia were secondary to urinary tract infection with P. stuartii, and in most the infection developed only shortly before the onset of bacteremia; in three cases the bacteremia developed immediately following manipulation of the urinary tract. Patients with long-standing Providencia infections did not acquire bacteremia. The signs and symptoms of Providencia bacteremia were typical of those of septicemia except that vascular collapse was not a prominent feature, occurring in only one patient. The mortality was 33%. All the Providencia strains cultured from the bloodstream were susceptible to gentamicin, although the frequency of gentamicin resistance increased from roughly 10% to 50% during the period studied; the increase in gentamicin use over this period was more gradual. Also noted was a decrease in resistance to ampicillin that paralleled a decrease in ampicillin use. All the Providencia strains were susceptible to amikacin.
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PMID:A review of Providencia bacteremia in a general hospital, with a comment on patterns of antimicrobial sensitivity and use. 51 13

A urinary tract infection with possible septicemia and endocarditis developed in a 36-year-old man. The illness was complicated by pulmonary embolism, thrombocytopenia, hematemesis, hepatic dysfunction, paralytic ileus and accelerated hypertension. The latter finding suggested pheochromocytoma. Treatment with antibiotics and phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride was associated with notable clinical improvement. A chromaffin cell tumor was surgically removed above the lift kidney. Conclusively, a pheochromocytoma may mimic and be present in association with infection.
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PMID:Infection and pheochromocytoma. 57 92

Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside aminocyclitol antibiotic with pharmacological similarities to gentamycin. Twenty-one of 30 patients with a severe or complicated Gram-negative urinary tract infection were cured by treatment with a 5-day course of tobramycin. No side effects were noted. This drug should prove beneficial for the treatment of severe Gram-negative sepsis, and promises to be particularly valuable for infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dosage schedules for administering tobramycin to patients with renal function impairment are presented, together with some observations on its intravenous injection by bolus. A single dose of tobramycin has proved effective for initiating the antibacterial treatment of patients with acute pyelonephritis. The important concept of the differing concentrations of an antibiotic in the urine from kidneys of unequal function is discussed.
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PMID:Tobramycin in the treatment of severe and complicated urinary tract infections. 60 Feb 1

This antimicrobial surveillance program clearly relates inpatient antimicrobial usage to therapeutic or prophylactic indications. One nurse-epidemiologist gathers data for a medium-sized Veterans Administration hospital, in addition to carrying out infection surveillance and educational responsibilities, and reviews the data weekly with an infectious disease physician. Usage of antimicrobials for surgical prophylaxis is the area where violations of generally accepted criteria for usage can be most readily documented. Only 31% of usages were deemed appropriate. A similar percentage (about 65%) of antimicrobial usages were judged "appropriate" on the medical and surgical services in treatment of wound and urinary tract infection. Treatment of respiratory tract infection and sepsis was judge "appropriate" in over 85% of instances on the medical service. These categories contained too few cases to summarize on the surgical service.
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PMID:A practical method of antimicrobial surveillance. 64 Aug 39

Broadcillin 'Banyu', which contains an equal amount of ampicillin and oxacillin was given intravenously to children with acute bacterial infections and the following results were obtained. 1. Patients were 55 children with the following bacterial infections; respiratory tract infections (8 cases), pneumonia (34), sepsis (1), meningitis (1), cutaneous and subcutaneous suppurative inflammation (5), osteomyelitis (1), urinary tract infection (2), enteritis (1), and chemoprophylaxis (2). They ranged in age from newborns to 8 year old, but most of them were infants. In the majority of the patients, broadcillin 'Banyu' was administered 50 approximately 150 mg/day in three to four equally divided doses by one shot-injection or by a continuous drip infusion for a period of 2 approximately 10 days. The overall efficacy rate was 88.7% in 53 cases after two cases of chemoprophylaxis were excluded, i.e., excellent in 28, good in 19 and failure in 6: excellent in 4 and good in 4 in 8 cases of respiratory tract infections; excellent in 20, good in 11 and failure in 3 in 34 cases of pneumonia (an efficacy rate 91.2%); failure in sepsis and meningitis: excellent in 2 and good in 3 in 5 cases of cutaneous and subcutaneous suppurative inflammation; excellent in osteomyelitis; excellent in 1 and good in 1 of 2 cases of urinary tract infection; failure in enteritis. 2. Adverse reactions were noted on 10 occasions in 9 cases (16.4%), including 1 case of skin eruption, 1 case of eosinophilia, 5 cases of slight elevation of GOT, 1 case of slight elevation of GPT and 2 cases of slight elevation of BUN. 3. Based on the above results, it was concluded that clinical effect of broadcillin 'Banyu' by an intravenous administration is comparable to its intramuscular route and that safety of intravenous usage seems to be verified as long as the above described dosage is followed.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of intravenous administration of ampicillin-oxacillin (Broadcillin 'Banyu') in bacterial infections in children (author's transl)]. 66 Sep 30

A clinical study of PC-904 was performed and the following results were obtained. 1) PC-904 was intravenously administered at the daily dosage of 20 approximately 120 mg/kg to 13 children; urinary tract infection (10 cases), acute pneumonia (1 case), sepsis (1 case) and purulent meningitis (1 case). The overall efficacy rate was 46.2%. 2) As to adverse reaction, eosinophilia was noted only in 2 patients. One neonate was treated with this drug, but no side effects were observed. 3) It was considered that PC-904 was a useful antibiotic drug for the second choice rather than the first.
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PMID:[A clinical study of PC-904 in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 69 Dec 59

A study of 200 pregnant women at the State Zenana Hospital, Jaipur, was conducted to analyse the effects of various maternal diseases on neonates. The maternal diseases were anemia, hypertension, urinary tract infection, heart disease, and tuberculosis. 200 healthy pregnant women were studied as controls. A high incidence (64.3%) of low birth weight babies were born to the unhealthy mothers. 80% of the tubercular mothered babies weighed less than 2.5 kg; 70% of the heart disease; 65% urinary tract infections; 60% hypertensive; and 64.3% anemia. The abnormal newborns showed a smaller average length and smaller head circumference (less than 33 cm.) than the normal group. There was also higher incidence of prematurity and poor neurological status among the abnormal group. Congenital malformations accounted for 2.15% in the abnormal cases, compared to .5% in the control group. The morbidity rate was 85%, compared to 46% in the controls. The causes were conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and cord sepsis.
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PMID:Effects of maternal medical diseases on the newborn. 72 Dec 25

Hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or other bacterial pathogens are frequently treated with parenteral antibiotics such as gentamicin. Many of these organisms are shown by Kirby-Bauer disk sensitivity testing to be resistant to tetracycline. One hundred seventy-one such tetracycline-resistant bacterial isolates were studied; 84% were found to be sensitive to achievable urinary concentrations of tetracycline. Two patients with long-standing chronic urinary tract infection with Pseudomonas were treated with tetracycline for a year and a half with excellent results. In a pilot clinical trial, eight of 12 hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection were treated successfully with tetracycline without regard to disk sensitivity data. Institution of tetracycline as soon as the microscopic diagnosis of urinary tract infection is made might be an acceptable empiric approach to the treatment of urinary infection in hospitalized patients who do not show evidence of sepsis.
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PMID:Effectiveness of achievable urinary concentrations of tetracyclines against "tetracycline-resistant" pathogenic bacteria. 80 88

The efficacy of tobramycin in doses of 2.7 to 5.6 mg/kg per day in 29 courses of therapy in 25 hospitalized patients with serious Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections was studied. Eighty-three percent of the P. aeruginosa strains showed zones of inhibition of 16 mm or more around a 10-mug tobramycin disk in the Bauer-Kirby disk method. Tobramycin minimal inhibitory concentration ranged from <0.05 to 1.5 mug/ml (microtiter twofold dilution method); for gentamicin they ranged from 0.05 to 6.2 mug/ml; corresponding geometric means were 0.19 and 0.49 mug/ml. Therapy was given for a median of 10 days (mean 19, range 1 to 83). The clinically satisfactory response rate for the 29 courses of therapy was 52%: critically ill, 44%; seriously ill, 50%; moderately ill, 80%. The response rates for various sites of infection were bone and cartilage, 100%; urinary tract infection, 56%; wound, 50%; respiratory tract, 67%; septicemia, 40%; abscess, 0%; burns, 44%. No adverse reactions were seen. Serum concentration (mug/ml +/- standard deviation) of tobramycin determined by an agar-well plate method, were 4.81 +/- 2.17 (1 h); 3.24 +/- 1.43 (2 h); 2.35 +/- 1.30 (4 h); and 1.40 +/- 1.09 (8 h). Tobramycin appears to be as effacacious as gentamicin in the treatment of serious P. aeruginosa infections and has a theoretical advantage of lower minimal inhibitory concentration for P. aeruginosa. The data suggest that, for life-threatening infections, dosages of tobramycin may need to be increased over those used in this study.
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PMID:Therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections with tobramycin. 80 2


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