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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Considerations are made on the importance of septicemia and the difficulty for an early diagnosis in most patients. The great usefulness shown by bone-marrow culture in the diagnosis of typhoid fever is pointed out and it is considered that this procedure may lend great help in the etiologic diagnosis of general infections. Twenty patients with septicemia are analyzed and the frequency of bone-marrow culture and of blood culture positiveness are compared and it is found that the percentage is greater for the first than for the second.
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PMID:[Usefulness of bone-marrow culture in the etiological diagnosis of septicemia]. 91 55

A study was carried out to determine whether the preexisting decline in mortality rates from infectious diseases accelerated after the introduction of antibiotic and chemotherapeutic drugs. Linear regression curves showed that in Sweden mortality rates declined faster in septicemia, syphilis, and non-memingococcal meningitis after the introduction of these drugs. By contrast, for the ten other infectious diseases studied, (scarlet fever, erysipelas, acute rheumatic fever, puerperal sepsis, meningococcal infection, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, and acute gastroenteritis) no such accelerated decline in mortality could be detected. The findings suggest that antibiotic and chemotherapeutic drugs have not had the dramatic effect of the mortality of infectious diseases popularly attributed to them.
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PMID:The effect of antibiotics on mortality from infectious diseases in Sweden and Finland. 100 14

Salmonellosis includes two groups of diseases: typhoid fever and non-typhic infections. Epidemiological and clinical features are different in each group. Typhoid fever is a major health problem in developing countries. It realizes septicemia and endotoxinic symptoms, and has not to be forgotten when the patient is back from travelling. Non-typhic infections in most cases produce acute feverish diarrhea, conforming with collective food toxi-infection. Non digestive localizations are usually the fact of underlying diseases, and are able to kill the patient.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects of salmonellosis]. 129 92

Classic sepsis is characterized by the presence of bacteria in blood originating from a primary infection site with secondary location at other sites. Some infectious diseases like typhoid and paratyphoid fever, brucellosis an others share this pathogenetic mechanism but have a characteristic clinical course and usually a good prognosis. After analyzing the differences between the 2 types the author proposes the terms "non specific" and "specific" for each type of sepsis, respectively. The differences between the 2, the organism involved and different reaction of the host in types, may be related to different pathogenetic effects of each case.
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PMID:[Classification of septicemias. A clinical and pathogenic approach]. 134 May 59

Salmonella can produce bacteremia and disseminated disease, including infection of the intrauterine contents and fetal death. Published experience with salmonella infection in pregnancy has involved typhoid; however, nontyphoid gastroenteritis may also produce sepsis and fetal loss. We present a case of second-trimester fetal death associated with group C1 salmonella sepsis. The literature suggests that early diagnosis and treatment of salmonella infection during gestation is associated with a good pregnancy outcome. We recommend that pregnant women with diarrheal illnesses be evaluated by stool culture for salmonella infection.
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PMID:Salmonella sepsis and second-trimester pregnancy loss. 156 77

Lipid profile is known to alter in patients with severe sepsis, but few studies regarding the status of lipid levels in enteric fever are available. Twenty patients with enteric fever, belonging to different age groups and both sexes, along with an equal number of matched patients with fever due to non-enteric causes, were studied with regard to alterations in lipid profile. We observed a severe and protracted hypertriglyceridaemia, decrease in HDL-cholesterol levels and increase in LDL-cholesterol levels in patients with enteric fever at the peak of fever. The values returned to normal on recovery and convalescence. This study serves to highlight the complexity of lipid variation during Salmonella typhi infection.
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PMID:Lipid profile in enteric fever. 188 95

Babies, on admission into a neonatal ward at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, had their rectal swab specimens examined bacteriologically and screened for enteric bacterial pathogens over a one-year-period at two-week intervals. It was found that on the average there were 3 (9.68%) enteric bacterial pathogens out of an average of 31 admissions at each screening period. The enteric bacterial pathogens isolated included: non-typhoid salmonellae, which accounted for 55 (80.88%) isolates out of the 68 enteric bacterial pathogens, Salmonella typhi 2.94%, Shigella dysenteriae 2.94%, Shigella flexneri 4.41%, S. boydii 1.47%, S. sonnei 1.47%, Campylobacter jejuni 1.47% and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) 2.94%. The main clinical conditions associated with those babies in whom the enteric pathogens were isolated included sepsis, prematurity, neonatal jaundice and tetanus. It is concluded that the enteric bacterial pathogens, even though they were not directly associated with diarrhoeal disease in the newborns in this study, might have contributed to other illnesses like sepsis and meningitis. It is also noteworthy that the enteric bacterial pathogens isolated sporadically from the babies could have been over-looked in view of the fact that it is not conventional to search for enteric bacterial pathogens in babies without diarrhoea on admission. Rectal swab investigations could provide additional information which might be of epidemiological importance in ill neonates in the clinical settings that prevail in developing countries.
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PMID:Screening of children for enteric bacterial pathogens in the outborn neonatal ward in Lagos, Nigeria. 191 94

The plasma kallikrein-kinin system is activated in Gram-negative sepsis and typhoid fever, two diseases in which bacterial products have been shown to initiate inflammation. Because a single intraperitoneal injection of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers from group A steptococci (PG-APS) into a Lewis rat produces a syndrome of relapsing polyarthritis and anemia, we investigated changes in the role of the kallikrein-kinin system in this model of inflammation. Coagulation studies after injection of PG-APS revealed an immediate and persistent decrease in prekallikrein levels. High-molecular-weight kininogen levels decreased significantly during the acute phase and correlated with the severity of arthritis. Factor XI levels were decreased only during the acute phase. Antithrombin III levels remained unchanged, indicating that neither decreased hepatic synthesis nor disseminated intravascular coagulation caused the decreased plasma contact factors. Plasma T-kininogen (an acute phase protein) was significantly elevated during the chronic phase. PG-APS failed to activate the contact system in vitro. Thus the kallikrein-kinin system plays an important role in this experimental model of inflammation, suggesting that activation of this system may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis in which bacterial products might be etiologically important.
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PMID:Role of kallikrein-kinin system in pathogenesis of bacterial cell wall-induced inflammation. 199 42

Over a 9 year period (1354-1362), 139, 436 children were admitted to Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Kabul. Of these, 51,212 (46.8%) children were hospitalized with preventable diseases. 74% of the patients were under age 5. Among the infectious diseases, gastroenteritis accounted for nearly 70% of the admissions. Tuberculosis, measles, diphtheria, and typhoid fever were other common infectious diseases. Malnutrition of varying degree was the core problem among the hospitalized children and was seen in nearly 2/3 of the admissions. 20% of them had severe protein energy malnutrition which contributed to higher mortality. Gastroenteritis contributed /2 (51.5%) of the mortality numbers. Septicemia, tetanus neonatorum, and central nervous system infections were associated with high mortality, especially among the neonates. Deaths following 6 target preventable diseases accounted for nearly 1/4 of the deaths (20.4-24.6%) over this period.
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PMID:Pattern of preventable diseases in Afghanistan: suggestions to reduce the morbidity and mortality at IGICH. 251 Nov 41

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous sulbactam/ampicillin followed by oral sultamicillin. Parenteral sulbactam/ampicillin was administered for 7 to 14 days to 152 in-patients with moderate to severe infections. All patients were treated with sulbactam/ampicillin, but only 140 patients received oral sultamicillin therapy. Eighty-nine men and 63 women participated in this study. Infections included intraabdominal (42 cases), respiratory tract (52 cases), skin and soft tissue (29 cases), urinary tract (16 cases), and miscellaneous infections (14 cases) that included typhoid fever, gastroenteritis, septicemia, and surgical wound infection. Six (4%) patients reported six study drug-related adverse experiences. Gastrointestinal side effects were most common and included epigastric burning and indigestion. Diarrhea was not reported and no patient discontinued drug therapy because of an adverse event. Laboratory abnormalities were infrequent and clinically insignificant. Overall, 98% of the 114 evaluable patients achieved clinical cure or improvement following treatment with sulbactam/ampicillin and sultamicillin. Cured or improved patients in each diagnostic group were 97% for intraabdominal infections, 100% for respiratory tract infections, 100% for skin and soft tissue infections, 100% for urinary tract infection, and 91% for other types of infections. Only 2 (2%) patients were judged to be treatment failures. Microbiologic efficacy, or eradication, was 86% overall, ranging from 75 to 100%. Persistence of pathogens occurred in 5%, and eradication with development of a superinfection occurred in 4%. Fifty-seven percent (30/50) of the isolates tested were resistant to ampicillin alone whereas only 21% (9/42) were resistant to sulbactam/ampicillin (p = 0.002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Sulbactam/ampicillin followed by oral treatment with sultamicillin for medical and surgical infections. 268 17


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