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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) was initially described by Todd et al. in 1978. TSS as a complication of orthopaedic surgery was reported in 1984. There have been previously a total of nine cases of TSS reported in orthopaedic patients. These patients presented at an average of 13 days postoperatively compared to 2 days for general surgical patients. Patients with external fixators, however, presented an average of 25 days postoperatively. Menstrual TSS and nonmenstrual TSS present similarly; however, the fatality rate is reported as 10 and 50%, respectively. There was a 27% case fatality rate in orthopaedic patients. Because TSS is not a septicemia but a toxemia, the treatment depends on aggressive hemodynamic stabilization rather than antibiotic therapy. The classical presentation of TSS is not often seen in patients with TSS complicating orthopaedic surgery. Wounds rarely have any signs of infection. This presentation may be even more difficult to identify due to the occasionally long latency period between surgery and the development of TSS. It appears that external fixators may be left in place if there are no signs of infection. This requires further study.
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PMID:Toxic shock syndrome as a complication of orthopaedic surgery. 759 83

The field safety and efficacy of a bivalent Marek's disease (MD) vaccine (herpesvirus of turkeys + strain SB-1) administered in ovo were evaluated. The vaccine was administered to commercial broiler chicken eggs using Embrex's INOVOJECT automated egg-injection system. Comparisons were made with a conventional method of vaccination, in which the vaccine was administered subcutaneously to chicks at hatching. In ovo administration of the vaccine at day 17.5-18.5 of incubation significantly reduced the number of culled chicks, early mortality, and overall mortality during the grow-out period compared with conventional vaccination. However, hatchability was significantly lower in in ovo-treated chicks. Overall livability and feed efficiency were higher in the in ovo-treated chicks than in conventionally vaccinated chicks. Total field-caused condemnations and condemnations due to airsacculitis and septicemia/toxemia were also lower in the in ovo-vaccinated chicks. No difference in the leukosis (MD) condemnation rate was observed between the two treatment groups. In ovo vaccination provided 93.25% protection against challenge with a very virulent strain of MD virus (strain RB1/B); by comparison, the conventional vaccination method provided 89.58% protection.
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PMID:Field safety and efficacy of in ovo administration of HVT + SB-1 bivalent Marek's disease vaccine in commercial broilers. 767 41

Broiler embryos and chicks were exposed to formaldehyde vapors (up to 130 ppm) during the final 3 days of incubation. Bacterial load was significantly lower in a formaldehyde-fumigated hatcher than in an unfumigated hatcher. Hatchability was not affected. To determine if exposure to formaldehyde vapors in the hatcher would affect broilers' ability to tolerate variations in air quality, chicks were placed in either adequately or poorly ventilated confinement facilities for 45 days. Total and respirable dust particles (< or = 5 microns in diameter) increased to a greater extent between 5 and 6 weeks of broiler age in the poorly ventilated facility than in the facility with adequate ventilation. Mortality at 6 weeks of age was significantly higher in broilers exposed to formaldehyde in the hatcher and housed with poor ventilation than in broilers exposed to formaldehyde and raised with adequate ventilation. Six-week body weight, feed conversion, and septicemia/toxemia condemnations were adversely affected by poor ventilation. This study found that the quality of air in the confinement facility had a greater influence on broiler productivity than did exposure to formaldehyde vapors in the hatcher.
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PMID:Effect of formaldehyde exposure in the hatcher and of ventilation in confinement facilities on broiler performance. 767 67

Whereas the risk of infant mortality is nine times higher in the least developed countries as compared to industrialized countries, the risk of maternal mortality is often more than 100 times higher. Approximately 75% of the 500,000 maternal deaths which occur each year are attributed to hemorrhage, sepsis, toxemia, obstructed labor, and the complications of unsafe abortion. Appropriate prenatal care would 1) prevent or detect and treat life- and health-threatening abnormalities; 2) prepare the mother for the demands of labor and motherhood and counsel her on diet, exercise, rest, and drug treatment; 3) prepare the mother psychologically and emotionally for child-bearing; and 4) provide general health screening. Special attention should be paid to complications, postpartum hemorrhage, reduction of low birth weight, resuscitation techniques for the newborn, and hygiene. The reduction in maternal and infant deaths will require an intersectoral approach and will benefit from the following: 1) giving high priority to maternal and infant deaths; 2) increasing the use of contraceptives and promoting safe and legal abortion; 3) providing HIV prevention education; 4) promoting the importance of prenatal care; 5) disseminating information about family planning; 6) improving health training programs; 7) developing health education campaigns; 8) using appropriate health care technologies; 9) strengthening community-based maternal health and delivery systems; 10) organizing operational research and evaluation procedures; 11) involving nurses and traditional birth attendants in existing health services; and 12) mobilizing and involving the community in all health programs.
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PMID:Safe motherhood: with whom the responsibility rests? 783 76

The experience in complex detoxication in acute poisonings and endotoxemias (sepsis, burn-induced toxemia, alcohol and narcotic abstinence, acute hepatorenal failure) has been analysed. The efficacy of various detoxication techniques have been assessed. The techniques compared were sorption dialysis and pharmacological ones, as well as physiohemotherapy as part of magnetic and UV hemotherapy, enhancing the detoxicating process and facilitating adequate correction of homeostasis parameters at all stages of toxemia management. It has been found that hemosorption has the greatest effect on the kinetics of toxic compounds, while physiohemotherapy has the greatest effect on homeostasis parameters. Rational approach to complex detoxication leads to the improvement in treatment results.
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PMID:[Ways of increasing effectiveness of emergency detoxication in acute exo- and endotoxicoses]. 794 67

This introductory, review presentation is a prologue to four full-length symposium presentations. Estimates of the annual cost of skeletal problems in poultry and definitions of noninfectious skeletal diseases in poultry are the focus of this article. Losses due to skeletal problems in poultry are caused by an increase in mortality and the number of cull birds, increased condemnations from septicemia-toxemia, and more downgrading from the trimming of breasts and legs. Reduced feed conversion and rate of gain also occur. Estimated annual losses in the United States due to skeletal problems are $80 to $120 million in broilers, and $32 to $40 million in turkeys. Eleven skeletal problems in poultry are described, and synonyms, symptoms, and possible causes of each are presented. These diseases include long bone distortion, tibial dyschondroplasia, rickets, spondylolisthesis, degeneration of the femoral head, spraddled legs, chondrodystrophy, osteomyelitis and synovitis, Mycoplasma synoviae infection, viral arthritis, and footpad dermatitis.
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PMID:Skeletal problems in poultry: estimated annual cost and descriptions. 807 32

Spontaneous retroperitoneal abscess as a result of Crohn's disease does not always terminate at the psoas or iliac spaces. The abscess may continue downward breaching the obturator fascia. Passage through the sciatic foramina can result in a buttock or posterior upper thigh abscess. This possibility is illustrated in the case presented by a 40 year old female with toxemia and a fluctuant mass in the right gluteal area. Surgical drainage and control of the sepsis was followed by enterocutaneous fistula formation. Small bowel barium series demonstrated communication of the tracking abscess with the caput cecum. Surgical management consisted of formal ileocolectomy. The pathology report revealed Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum and right colon.
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PMID:Case study: gluteal abscess due to Crohn's disease. 839 4

We report a retrospective study of 60 patients aged from 18 to 46 years, pregnant or parturient, with ischemic cerebrovascular accident. The hospital incidence was 3.6 cases per year. The prevalence was 0.70 per 1,000 childbirth in Tunis area. 3/4 of these cerebrovascular accidents occurred in the post partum period and 1/4 in the pregnancy. Gravidic toxemia and sepsis were the most frequent risk factors. The cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) (55%) were almost as frequent as cerebral ischemic accidents (CIA) 45). We individualized 3 groups of CVT: septic, aseptic, mixed. Among CIA etiologies we noted two cases of cerebral angiopathy of toxemia and one case of peripartum angiography. The mortality rate nul for CIA, was 36% for CVT. The functional sequelae were more severe for CIA.
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PMID:[Cerebral venous thrombosis and arterial infarction in pregnancy and puerperium. A series of 60 cases]. 859 49

The article is devoted to classification of sepsis. Two classifications are compared: the Russian one, developed in A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery (phase I--the initial one or toxemia, phase 2--septicemia; 3--septicopyemia), and the American one, accepted in 1991 in Chicago which singles out three forms of sepsis (sepsis, severe sepsis or sepsis-syndrome, and septic shock). Both classifications are thoroughly analysed and it is stated that there is no principal disagreement in the definition of phases of the course and description of clinical stages of sepsis. The necessity for universal classification of sepsis is emphasized.
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PMID:[On the problems of sepsis classification]. 1054 May 45

Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) has adopted the term cyanosis to describe a category of condemnation for poultry that is dark but has no other condemnable lesions. Two case-control studies (n = 30 pairs; n = 65 pairs) of 18-wk-old tom turkeys were conducted. A case was defined as a carcass condemned by the veterinary inspector for cyanosis, and a control carcass was one that passed inspection. Microbiological tests were conducted on samples of Pectoralis major and Gastrocnemius lacteralis. A modified Rappaport Vassiliadis medium was used for Salmonella, and a Petrifilm method was used to assess aerobic counts, coliform counts, and Escherichia coli. The Salmonella (qualitative) test was negative for all cases and controls, and there were no significant differences between the aerobic counts, coliform counts, and E. coli counts of case and control carcasses. Two pathologists conducted a blind histopathological study: there were no lesions compatible with those of septicemia-toxemia, as defined by CFIA and the USDA, nor any significant histopathological differences between the skin, P. major, G. lateralis, kidney, liver, spleen, small intestine, pancreas, lung, and heart of cases and controls. The inter-rater agreement between pathologists ranged from good to excellent (Kappa = 0.7 to 1.0). In the absence of important lesions and microbial contamination, carcasses with this color change alone should be suitable for human consumption.
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PMID:Bacteriological and histological profile of turkeys condemned for cyanosis. 1094 91


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