Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacterial meningitis most commonly occurs in young calves secondary to septicemia. Clinical signs of hyperirritability are usually seen. Meningitis can be confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid analysis and culture or by necropsy. Intoxications by the exotoxins of Clostridium perfringens types C and D, C. botulinum, and C. tetani are difficult to confirm. The clinical signs of these intoxications vary from flaccid paralysis (botulism) to muscular rigidity (tetanus). Treatment of affected cattle has been unrewarding in botulism and enterotoxemia, whereas early aggressive treatment of tetanus cases can often be successfully resolved. Botulism and enterotoxemia can be proved using mouse inoculation tests, whereas tetanus is diagnosed largely by ruling out other diseases.
 ...
PMID:Bacterial meningitis and diseases caused by bacterial toxins. 355 52

The possibility of bilateral femoral neuropathy after microsurgical tuboplasty for the reversal of sterilization is possible. There seems to be little awareness of this condition by gynecologists and fertility surgeons. This type of femoral neuropathy has an excellent prognosis and only physiotherapy is necessary to aid muscular function. Some cases have been reported where recovery has been extremely slow, normal functions had taken months, and some disability lasted years. The femoral nerve is not included in the pelvis, therefore injury through operative procedures are unlikely. The self-retaining retractors were used in all reported cases and verified through clinical experience. There are 2 types of injury to the femoral nerve: Direct pressure on the nerve itself by retractor blades, and impingement of the psoas muscle and the nerve against the lateral pelvic muscle. Factors that increase the possibility of this condition include diabetes mellitus, rheumatism, gout, alcoholism, malnutrition, syphilis, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, tetanus, liver abscesses, sepsis of distal parts of the body, polyarteritis nodosa, anticoagulants, and bleeding diseases. Femoral neuropathy has been observed after using self-retaining retractors such as O'Connor, O'Sullivan, Mann, Collin and Balfour. The preventive measures suggested are to use a retractor with appropriate blade depth.
 ...
PMID:Bilateral femoral neuropathy after microsurgical reversal of tubal sterilization: case report and analysis of contributing factors. 362 33

An example of health education attempted by St. Mary's Hospital Lacor, Gulu, Uganda produced ambivalent results. The Acholi people in the area believe that "ebino" or false tooth, which is what they call the erupting canine teeth in 4-7 month-old infants, causes diarrhea, fever, convulsions and failure to thrive. They therefore remove the tooth buds, using unhygienic conditions, causing such complications as infection, hemorrhage, anemia, osteomyelitis, septicemia, meningitis, tetanus and sometimes death. In 1982 the hospital workers changed their attitude from one of contempt and hostility to acceptance, teaching people about the complications of removing false teeth. Attempts at education have resulted in an increase in late, more seriously ill cases in 1980-82; a great increase in cases brought to the hospital in 1983; followed by admissions sooner after the procedure with only 7% deaths in 1983-84. Recently very young babies have been brought in, having been operated on before any gingival swelling would be apparent. Surveys of hospital personnel showed that a majority of them favor the operation, but prefer it to be done in the hospital with aseptic techniques. The current approach is to express confidence in mothers' natural intelligence and ability to understand the subject presented to them clearly.
 ...
PMID:Influence of health education on local beliefs. Incomplete success, or partial failure. 362 99

An uncommon type of homicide resulted from complications of an ordinarily nonfatal injury after a 59-year-old obese, hypertensive, diabetic man was struck in the face with a two-by-four, sustaining a grossly contaminated laceration. It was cleaned and sutured primarily, and a tetanus booster was given. On the fourth hospital day there was evidence of anerobic wound cellulitis, including Clostridium tetani. The wound was surgically debrided, but 2 days later the patient developed local tetanus. Only then was it discovered that he had never been immunized against tetanus. He did not develop systemic tetanus, but 2 days later he died with bronchopneumonia and sepsis. The assailant was indicted for involuntary manslaughter, but after a contentious trial he pleaded "no contest" to a reduced charge. The decedent was a vulnerable host, his contaminated facial laceration initiating an unbroken course of events that led to his death.
 ...
PMID:Homicidal death following blunt trauma in a vulnerable host, with secondary infections including local tetanus. 367 88

The authors evaluated the host-defence capability of a 33-year-old woman with a history of poor wound healing, gastrointestinal fistulas and bacterial and fungal sepsis after abdominal operations. The following tests gave normal results: hemoglobin, blood neutrophil and monocyte counts, delayed hypersensitivity skin test, serum albumin, immunoglobulin and complement levels, blood T- and B-cell percentages, in-vitro immunoglobulin synthesis and body cell mass. The following tests gave abnormal results: lymphocyte count, leukocyte adherence, in-vivo and in-vitro polymorphonuclear neutrophil chemotaxis, neutrophil bacterial killing and antibody response to tetanus toxoid. Decreased polymorphonuclear neutrophil and humoral immune functions could account for the woman's history of repeated surgical sepsis. Evaluation of host-defence mechanisms can illuminate the cause of repeated episodes of sepsis.
 ...
PMID:Host-defence mechanisms in surgical patients: case report of reduced polymorphonuclear neutrophil and antibody functions associated with surgical sepsis. 370 59

Perinatal and infant mortality during the year 1985 was analyzed through a prospective study conducted in 12 Anganwadis (total population of 13,054) located in slum areas of India's Jabalpur city. Overall, the infant mortality rate was 128.7/1000 live births and the perinatal mortality rate was 88.5/1000 live births. 58.5% of deaths occurred in the neonatal period. Causes of neonatal deaths included prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome, birth asphyxia, septicemia, and neonatal tetanus. Postneonatal deaths were largely attributable to dehydration from diarrhea, bronchopneumonia, malnutrition, and infectious diseases. All mortality rates were significantly higher in Muslims than among Hindus. Muslims accounted for 28% of the study population, but contributed 63% of stillbirths and 55% of total infant deaths. This phenomenon appears attributable to the large family size among Muslims coupled with inadequate maternal-child health care. The national neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates are 88/1000 and 52/1000, respectively. The fact that the neonatal mortality rate in the study area was slightly lower than the national average may reflect the impact of ICDS services.
 ...
PMID:Perinatal and infant mortality in urban slums under I.C.D.S. scheme. 380 6

A short-term study of pregnancy, births, and child mortality was conducted in 2 Egyptian villages to assess the reliability of official statistical records that suggest that neonatal tetanus is rarely a cause of death. Through an anthropologic interview technique based on several visits, reproductive histories were collected from 102 women from 3 age groups: 15-29 years, 30-44 years, and 45 years and over. Respondents from village A, in Upper Egypt, had experienced an average of 8.2 pregnancies, while those from village B, in Lower Egypt, reported 7.3 pregnancies. A total of 114 abortions (14% of all pregnancies) and 14 stillbirths (1.7%) were recorded. Official statistics indicate that 82% of infants in village A and 89% of those in village B survived to age 5 years; however, data from the present study suggest that the 5-year survival rates in these 2 villages were actually 56% and 77%, respectively. Moreover, although vital statistics indicate a rate of neonatal tetanus of 1/6 or less, 75% of the 87 neonatal deaths identified in this study were attributed to tetanus neonatorum/septicemia. Prematurity was the cause of an additional 13% of neonatal deaths in this survey compared with 0.1% of such deaths in official statistics. The results of this study indicate that the underregistration of births and deaths may be a major problem in these 2 villages and probably in other villages in rural Egypt. Neonatal tetanus as a cause of infant mortality was more prevalent in village A (39%) than in village B (9%), presumably because of the higher level of socioeconomic development in the latter region. It is estimated that tetanus immunization of eligible women would have reduced neonatal mortality from 193 to 33/1000 in village A and from 51 to 36/1000 in village B.
 ...
PMID:Evaluating tetanus neonatorum as a child survival risk in rural Egypt in the absence of reliable cause-of-death registration. 408 72

Flunitrazepam exhibits principally the same effects as other benzodiazepines, i.e. sedation, sleep induction, amnesia and muscle relaxation. These effects are maintained for several hours and are additive to those of other drugs, e.g. narcotic analgesics. When flunitrazepam is used in ICU patients its long duration of action and depressant influence on the respiration have to be taken into account. Therefore it is preferred in cases with severe cerebral trauma, prolonged sepsis, or tetanus requiring long-term respiratory treatment. The mean single dose is 1.0 mg and the interval between consecutive doses is, on average, 2 to 3 hours. After prolonged use of flunitrazepam, at least 24 to 48 hours are necessary for sedation and muscle relaxation to disappear to such an extent that transition from mechanical to spontaneous ventilation is possible. Severe side-effects, e.g. cardiac arrhythmias, metabolic disturbances, impairment of renal function, changes in electrolyte or acid-base balance, have not been observed. Peripheral vasodilation is common and may lead to a decrease in arterial blood pressure.
 ...
PMID:[The use of flunitrazepam in ICU patients (author's transl)]. 611 81

South Africa is unique in many ways, including the state of health of its children. Discussion focuses on vital statistics -- perinatal and infant mortality rates, disease profiles, nutritional status; and demographic and socioeconomic data -- African communities, Indian communities, coloured communities, and social expenditure. The perinatal mortality rate for africans in Natal and Kwa Zulu varies from 19.7-51.9/1000 in the smaller hospitals. At the main teaching hospital in Durban, the King Edward viii, it was 75.8/1000 in 1980. The most common causes of death in the rural babies weighing more than 1500 gm were septicemia, asphyxia, meconium aspiration, and tetanus neonatorum. In those under 1500 mg the most common causes were respiratory distress, intracranial hemorrhage, and hypothermia. The main causes of the high perinatal mortality among Africans at King Edward viii Hospital were amniotic fluid infection syndrome, abruptio placenta, hypoxia, hypertension, and congenital syphilis. Accurate data for infant mortality rates for Africans are unavailable. Available data show considerable variation. The official infant mortality rates given by the State Health Department for 1975 for the country as a whole were 20.1/1000 for whites, 100.2/1000 for Africans, 104.0/1000 for coloureds, and 34.7/1000 for Asians. Black children under age 5 make up 16% of the total population but account for 55% of total deaths, whereas white children of this age make up 11% of the population and account for only 7% of total deaths. Of the 7688 admissions of African children to King Edward viii Hospital in 1980, more than 80% were due to infections, and the overall mortality in these patients was 20%. The percentage of children below the 3rd centile for weight was 6-12% for infants under 1 year old, 20-55% in children aged 1-6 years, and 30-70% in school age children. The percentage stunted (below 3rd centile for height) varied from 22-66% in preschool children. At King Edward viii Hospital, approximately 40% of children admitted are malnourished. In the main the majority of blacks are poor, illiterate, and living in overcrowded conditions. Many are unemployed or employed away from home, which causes serious disruption of family life with such consequences as teenage pregnancies and malnutrition. The mortality rates, disease profiles, and socioeconomic status of the whites in Sourh Africa are similar, and often superior, to those in Western countries. The reason for this discrepancy in the state of health and socioeconomic development of population groups is the government's policy of separate but unequal development; the policy of apartheid that reserves 87% of the land for 16% of the people, the white minority.
 ...
PMID:The health of children in South Africa: some food for thought. 614 93

Infection with Listeria monocytogenes during pregnancy has a high fetal and neonatal mortality. In rodents, it has been shown that resistance to Listeria infection is dependent upon a T cell-mediated immune response to the bacteria. The immune humoral and cell-mediated response to L. monocytogenes was studied in seven mother infant pairs who had documented evidence of L. monocytogenes sepsis. All studies were carried out 1 year following the initial infection as part of a clinical and immunological follow-up, and compared to an appropriate control group. The microagglutination titre and opsonizing activity of mothers previously infected with Listeria was significantly greater than that of the control mothers or their infected infants. There was no difference between the babies previously infected with L. monocytogenes when compared to control infants. The in vitro lymphoblastogenic response to Listeria, staphylococci, tetanus toxoid, and phytohemagglutinin was assessed. Infected mothers had a significantly greater proliferative response in the presence of Listeria than the control mothers, while the response of the previously infected infants was not different from that of the control infants. The response to the other antigens and PHA was similar in all groups. In conclusion, infants infected with L. monocytogenes during the perinatal period demonstrated neither a specific antibody response nor exhibited a cell-mediated immune response to this bacteria. These data support the idea that perinatally-infected infants have a markedly impaired immune response to L. monocytogenes and may, thus, explain their increased susceptibility to this infection.
 ...
PMID:The immune response of human neonates to Listeria monocytogenes infection. 653 34


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>