Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been stated that the key to prevention of oral cancer is to avoid the "five Ss: smoking, spirits, spices, sepsis, and syphilis." There is certainly enough evidence to add another "S"--sunlight. Although there is a paucity of information in the dental literature on the use of sunscreens, the following dermatologic recommendation is noteworthy: "Persons with Skin Types I and II should never sunbathe and should adopt a program of daily application of effective sunscreens (SPF 15) as a habit and from an early age--in much the same manner as daily brushing of the teeth is adopted to prevent dental caries." The dentist should advise patients at high risk for squamous cell carcinoma and those with recurrent herpes labialis to use a sunscreen for the lips of at least SPF 15. The best sunscreen formulation at the present time is a combination of either PABA or an ester of PABA along with a benzophenone. A frequent combination seen on product labels is Padimate O and oxybenzone. Sunscreens should be used year-round on the lips with two applications 1 hour before sun exposure, and hourly reapplication while in the sun. If the convenience of a "lipstick" product is not important to the patient, then a skin product of the liquid or gel type should be used. If the appearance is not important, a white opaque cream containing titanium dioxide, talc, or zinc oxide may be used as a physical barrier. Women may use an opaque lipstick, but should first apply a chemical sunscreen of at least SPF 15.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Sunscreen protection for lip mucosa: a review and update. 387 87

Penicillin allergy presents a major obstacle to the successful management of some antepartum infections. We studied 15 pregnant women with histories of penicillin allergy confirmed by positive immediate wheal-and-flare skin tests. Thirteen had syphilis, one listeria sepsis, and one Streptococcus viridans endocarditis. Each patient was desensitized over four to six hours by oral administration of increasing doses of penicillin V. At the completion of the procedure, full-dose parenteral therapy with penicillin G or ampicillin was instituted. No extracutaneous reactions were detected. Five of the subjects (33 per cent) experienced pruritus (three) or urticaria (two), but no interruption of desensitization or therapy was necessary. All clinically apparent maternal infections were cured. The pregnancy complicated by listeriosis aborted in the first trimester. The 11 neonates delivered to date are normal. These results indicate that oral desensitization is an acceptably safe approach to therapy in pregnant women who are allergic to penicillin and have infections that require beta-lactam drugs.
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PMID:Penicillin allergy and desensitization in serious infections during pregnancy. 392 35

The early and late results were retrospectively evaluated in 57 cases of double or triple valve replacement or repair performed in 1970-1983. The causes of the valvular lesions were rheumatic fever (43 cases), bacterial endocarditis (6), syphilis (1) and unknown (7 cases). The preoperative NYHA classification was III in 29 patients and IV in 28, due mainly to dyspnea of effort. Cardiomegaly (mean radiologic volume 880 cm3/m2) and atrial fibrillation were the dominant clinical findings. Surgery was on emergency indications in five cases. Cold cardioplegia combined with external cardiac cooling has been used for myocardial protection since 1977. The valve replacements were 56 aortic, 50 mitral and 2 tricuspid. In addition there were three closed and two open mitral commissurotomies, two mitral plastic repairs, three tricuspid valve anuloplasties (DeVega) and one aortic anuloplasty. Follow-up (0.3-13, mean 3.5 years) was supplemented with a check-up including two-dimensional echophonocardiography and hematologic tests. The operative mortality (10/57 patients) fell from 26% in 1970-1976 to 12% in 1977-1983. The causes of death were low cardiac output in preoperatively ill patients (5), myocardial infarction (2), technical failure (2) and sepsis (1 case). There were 11 late deaths (6.7/100 patient-years of observation), the commonest cause (5 patients) being congestive heart failure. The respective incidences of thromboembolism, paravalvular leak and postoperative endocarditis were 2.1, 4.2 and 2.1 episodes/100 patient-years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Combined multiple-valve procedures. Factors influencing the early and late results. 401 39

The traditional list of etiological factors related to oral squamous cell carcinoma namely, tobacco, alcohol, syphilis, and oral sepsis has been expanded to include iron deficiency, chronic candidosis, and herpes simplex virus. The development of current concepts in these areas is discussed. In evaluating the need for future research, special emphasis is given to the concepts of multifactorial etiology and the role of mutagens. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
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PMID:Etiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma. 640 82

The chemistry, mode of action, antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline are reviewed. Doxycycline displays excellent activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic pathogens. The oral absorption of doxycycline is rapid and virtually complete and is not significantly decreased by food. Moreover, serum concentrations of doxycycline following oral and intravenous (i.v.) administration are comparable. Because of the prolonged half-life of doxycycline, once daily administration is possible. Tissue penetration of doxycycline is excellent. Levels within the therapeutic range have been found in most organs and tissues, including kidney, lung, gallbladder, prostate, intestinal tract, myocardium, sinus secretions, tonsil, aqueous humor, and female reproductive tissue. Doxycycline does not accumulate in patients with renal insufficiency and is not removed from the blood to any great extent during hemodialysis. Extensive clinical investigation has shown doxycycline to be highly effective in infections of the respiratory tract, including atypical pneumonias; skin and soft tissue; genitourinary infection including gonorrhea, syphilis, nonspecific urethritis, and prostatitis; intraabdominal infection due to trauma, sepsis, or surgery; and cholera. Evidence also suggests that doxycycline will prove effective in the treatment of Legionnaires' disease. In addition, placebo-controlled clinical trials suggest doxycycline is effective in the prevention of traveler's diarrhea.
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PMID:Doxycycline. 704 45

94 maternal deaths and 1546 fetal and neonatal deaths were registered among 28,706 births at the CHU Averroes in Casablanca between 1978-80. 45% of women who deliver at the clinic are very poor and only 10% are relatively well off. Obstetrical antecedents were noted in 27% of the fetal deaths. 70% of the maternal deaths occurred in women aged 20-34. 32 maternal deaths occurred among 16,232 women with 1-2 children, 30 among 6514 women with 3-5 children, and 32 among 5960 women with 6-14 children. 11,027 of the 28,706 were primaparas. Perinatal mortality was 4.46% among primaparas, 8.24% among grand multiparas, and 4.1% among secondiparas. In 58 of the 94 cases of maternal mortality the woman was hospitalized after attempting delivery at home or in a village clinic. Among women with 1 or 2 children, hemorrhage was the cause of death in 8 cases, infection in 7 cases, eclampsia in 3 cases, thromboembolism in 2 cases, uterine inversion in 2 cases, pulmonary tuberculosis in 1 case, embolism in 5 cases, and other causes 1 case each. Among women with 3-5 children hemorrhage was the cause of death in 10 cases, septicemia in 3 cases, uterine rupture in 3 cases, eclampsia in 3 cases, uterine inversion in 2 cases, viral hepatitis in 2 cases, emboli in 2 cases, and other reasons 1 case each. Among grand multiparas hemorrhage was the cause of death in 11 cases, uterine rupture in 12 cases, peritonitis in 2 cases, eclampsia in 2 cases, emboli in 2 cases, and other causes 1 case each. 19 of the maternal deaths were judged to have been avoidable with better management. Prematurity and birth weight of 1000-2500 g associated or not with other pathology were found in 714 of 1546 perinatal deaths. Of 390 cases of death in utero with retention and maceration, 68 were caused by reno-vascular syndromes, 76 by maternal infections, 33 by maternal syphilis, 26 by fetal malformation, 18 by maternal diabetes, 10 by Rh incompatability, and 159 by indeterminate causes. In 795 cases of intrapartum mortality without maceration, 114 were caused by retroplacental hematomas, 61 by placenta previa, 74 by uterine rupture, 119 by prolapse of the cord, 51 by fetal malformation, 45 by dystochia, 53 by twin pregnancies, 104 by fetal distress, 44 by obstetrical trauma, 55 by prematurity, and 75 by undetermined causes. In 361 cases of early neonatal mortality, 88 were caused by renovascular syndromes, 24 by diabetes, 13 by Rh incompatibility, 34 by placenta previa, 94 by prematurity, 28 by fetal malformation, 35 by fetal infections, 31 by fetal distress, and 14 by obstetrical trauma. The rates of maternal and perinatal mortality are very high compared to those of European countries.
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PMID:[Maternal mortality and perinatal mortality]. 720 85

Recent studies in our laboratories have shown how microwave (MW) irradiation can accelerate a number of tissue-processing techniques, especially staining, to aid in the preparation of single specimens on glass microscope slides or coverslips for examination by light microscopy (and electron microscopy, if required) for diagnostic purposes. Techniques have been developed, which give permanently stained preparations, that can be studied initially by light microscopy, their areas of interest mapped, and computer-automated image analysis performed to obtain quantitative information. This is readily performed after MW-accelerated staining with silver methenamine by the Giammara-Hanker PATS or PATS-TS reaction. This variation of the PAS reaction gives excellent markers for specific infectious agents such as lipopolysaccharides for gram-negative bacteria or mannans for fungi. It is also an excellent stain for glycogen and basement membranes and an excellent marker for type III collagen or reticulin in the endoneurium or perineurium of peripheral nerve or in the capillary walls. Our improved MW-accelerated Feulgen reaction with silver methenamine for nuclear DNA is useful to show the nuclei of bacteria and fungi as well as of cells they are infecting. Improved coating and penetration of tissue surfaces by thiocarbohydrazide bridging of ruthenium red, applied under MW-acceleration, render biologic specimens sufficiently conductive for SEM so that sputter coating with gold is unnecessary. The specimens treated with these highly visible electron-opaque stains can be screened with the light microscope after mounting in polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the structures or areas selected for EM study are mapped with a Micro-Locator slide. After removal of the water soluble PEG the specimens are remounted in the usual EM media for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of the mapped areas. By comparing duplicate smears from areas of infection, such as two coverslips of buffy coat smears of blood from a patient with septicemia, the microorganisms responsible can occasionally be classified for antimicrobial therapy long before culture results are available; gram-negative bacteria are positive with the Giammara-Hanker PATS-TS stain, and gram-positive bacteria are positive with the SIGMA HT40 Gram stain. The gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria are both initially stained by the crystal violet component of the Gram stain. The crystal violet stain is readily removed from the gram-negative (but not the gram-positive) bacteria when the specimens are rinsed with alcohol/acetone. If this rinse step is omitted, the crystal violet remains attached to both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It can then be rendered insoluble, electron-opaque, and conductive by treatment with silver methenamine solution under MW-irradiation. This metallized crystal violet is a more effective silver stain than the PATS-TS stain for a number of gram-negative spirochetes such as Treponema pallidum, the microbe that causes syphilis.
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PMID:Microwave-accelerated cytochemical stains for the image analysis and the electron microscopic examination of light microscopy diagnostic slides. 750 80

Heart donor demand far exceeds supply. We evaluated donor referrals to 1 organ procurement agency in an attempt to determine why many potential cardiac donors are not used. Of 430 referrals between September 1989 and August 1991, 169 hearts (39%) were harvested. In potential donors ultimately not yielding a heart, 38.7% were unavailable because the family refused to consent to organ donation, 36% were medically unsuitable, and 16.1% did not meet standard brain death criteria. Of the 94 donors not used for medical reasons, 43.6% had cardiac arrest, 17% had hypotension, 12.8% were drug abusers, 6.4% had sepsis, 5.3% had hepatitis, 5.3% had an acute myocardial infarction, 3.2% had low ejection fraction levels, and 2.1% tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus or syphilis (4.3% were not specified). A significant difference (p = 0.001) in racial distribution surfaced; Blacks and Hispanics constituted 27.2% of the donor group but 46.3% of the non-donor group. These data confirm that strategies must be created to continue educating the public and physicians in order to increase consent rates, optimize donor selection, and improve physician awareness of brain death criteria.
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PMID:Why referred potential heart donors aren't used. 821 25

From July 1986 through June 1990, 33,199 sera from various risk groups were collected in Veterans General Hospital-Taipei for detection of antibody against human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1). Sixty-five samples were proved positive by Western blot analysis. Among individual high risk groups, hemophiliacs had the highest positive rate of 20/60 (29.41%), followed by homosexual/bisexual males (41/1,264, 3.24%). The overall positive rate was 65/33,199 (0.19%). Ten cases were recognized as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 1 case had AIDS-related complex (ARC) and 4 case had other apparently symptomatic infections. Among these 15 cases, 7 expired, 1 lost of follow-up and 7 surviving cases are being treated with zidovudine (AZT). Most of symptomatic HIV-1 antibody positive cases had abnormal T4/T8 ratio of 0.39 +/- 0.54 as compared with the asymptomatic HIV-1 carriers at a ratio of 0.81 +/- 0.69. The opportunistic infections included Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in 6 case, disseminated cytomegalovirus infection in 6 cases, herpes zoster virus infection in 3 case, candidiasis in 4 cases, syphilis in 3 cases, pulmonary tuberculosis in 2 cases, and others with cryptococcosis, salmonellosis, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection, gonorrhea, Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and bacterial sepsis, etc. The natural history of HIV-1 infection to AIDS involved acute and persistent multiple infections. Although prevalence of HIV-1 infection was low in Taiwan, nationwide surveillance of HIV-1 infection in various risk groups is still needed.
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PMID:Five-year experience of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 national screening program implemented at Veterans General Hospital-Taipei. 840 70

Post-transfusion bacterial sepsis is infrequent. It is, however, associated with a high mortality due to septic shock. This reflects the release of endotoxin from gram negative bacteria. Lesser transfusion reactions are usually under-reported. These are frequently caused by gram positive bacteria. Gram positive species such as staphylococci and other skin surface organisms may be cultured from platelets stored at room temperature. Typically, gram negative "psychrophyllic" species which survive storage at 4 degrees C are cultured from stored refrigerated blood implicated in transfusion reactions. These include Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas fluorescens etc. Bacterial contamination of the blood supply can occur via an endogenous or an exogenous source. Endogenous donor bacteraemia due to Y.enterocolitica may be asymptomatic or may follow an episode of gastroenteritis. Exogenous infections occur through some defect in the usual collection practice. Transfusion-acquired syphilis is now extremely uncommon. In the third world, beside the need for effective screening for viral pathogens, infections with protozoa, in particular plasmodia, trypanosoma and leishmania remain a major obstacle to ensuring safe blood supplies. Prevention of transfusion reactions demands rigorous attention to details of collection, storage, reissuing and infusion of blood products, as well as prompt treatment, testing and reporting of suspected reactions.
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PMID:Hazards of bacterial contamination of blood products. 844 1


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