Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was carried out to determine whether the preexisting decline in mortality rates from infectious diseases accelerated after the introduction of antibiotic and chemotherapeutic drugs. Linear regression curves showed that in Sweden mortality rates declined faster in septicemia, syphilis, and non-memingococcal meningitis after the introduction of these drugs. By contrast, for the ten other infectious diseases studied, (scarlet fever, erysipelas, acute rheumatic fever, puerperal sepsis, meningococcal infection, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, and acute gastroenteritis) no such accelerated decline in mortality could be detected. The findings suggest that antibiotic and chemotherapeutic drugs have not had the dramatic effect of the mortality of infectious diseases popularly attributed to them.
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PMID:The effect of antibiotics on mortality from infectious diseases in Sweden and Finland. 100 14

Fifty-eight patients with chronic laryngitis, defined as diffuse laryngeal inflammation, of an average duration of approximately 1 year, were investigated. The sex incidence was equal and the average age 45 years. Occupational factors were of minor importance, and the smoking habits of the patients were the same as those of a similar matched population. Of the haematological factors investigated, anaemia, diabetes, renal disease and syphilis were of no importance whatsoever. The most important aetiological factor was sepsis of the upper and lower respiratory tracts which was present in over half the patients.
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PMID:The aetiology of chronic laryngitis. 103 54

Twelve elderly patients without Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome or adrenal tumor who had spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage one to 33 days after operation are described. Seven of these patients had operations on the gastrointestinal tract, one on the biliary system, two on the genitourinary system and two on the central nervous system. Important factors relating to adrenal hemorrhage included: intra-abdominal sepsis in 5 patients, cancer in 4, pneumonia in 4, coagulation defects in 2, exogenous steroids in 2, and syphilis in one patient. Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage should be considered in patients whose condition deteriorates rapidly after operation and in whom no other explanation is plausible. Its detection and appropriate therapy can be lifesaving.
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PMID:Postoperative adrenal hemorrhage. 121 87

Many discriminative experimental animal models of infection have been utilized in the evaluation of newer fluoroquinolones. In vivo efficacy of many of the newer agents has been shown in experimental models of meningitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, abscesses of various types, septic arthritis, gastroenteritis, salmonellosis, listeriosis, tuberculosis, syphilis, sinusitis, prostatitis and burn wound sepsis, among others. This review focuses on recent developments in a few selected areas. Although the limitations of animal model studies are well described, these results provide a rationale for the appropriate clinical usage of the newer fluoroquinolones in humans.
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PMID:Evaluation of quinolones in experimental animal models of infections. 186 88

The banking of femoral heads from patients who undergo total hip arthroplasty provides a valuable resource for orthopedic surgery. Quality assurance of the banked bone used in clinical procedures requires documented policies for screening, procuring, storing and distributing. Potential donors are screened at the time of donation for malignant disease, possible communicable disease, sepsis and high-risk life-styles. After negative culture results are confirmed and appropriate documentation has been completed, the bone is frozen at -70 degrees C. A quarantine period of 90 days follows. The donor is followed up 90 days or more postoperatively. At that time written consent is obtained for donation of the recovered tissue to the bone bank and for serology testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) antibody, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG), hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) and syphilis, and the donor is rescreened for contraindications. This protocol meets or exceeds all existing standards. The combination of obtaining consent and serology testing at 90 days streamlines the logistics of banking bone from surgical donors.
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PMID:A simplified protocol for banking bone from surgical donors requiring a 90-day quarantine and an HIV-1 antibody test. 186 83

During the past two decades, an explosive growth in both the prevalence and types of sexually transmitted diseases has occurred. Up to 55 percent of homosexual men with anorectal complaints have gonorrhea; 80 percent of the patients with syphilis are homosexuals. Chlamydia is found in 15 percent of asymptomatic homosexual men, and up to one third of homosexuals have active anorectal herpes simplex virus. In addition, a host of parasites, bacterial, viral, and protozoan are all rampant in the homosexual population. Furthermore, the global epidemic of AIDS has produced a plethora of colorectal manifestations. Acute cytomegalovirus ileocolitis is the most common indication for emergency abdominal surgery in the homosexual AIDS population. Along with cryptosporidia and isospora, the patient may present to the colorectal surgeon with bloody diarrhea and weight loss before the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Other patients may present with colorectal Kaposi's sarcoma or anorectal lymphoma, and consequently will be found to have seropositivity for HIV. However, in addition to these protean manifestations, one third of patients with AIDS consult the colorectal surgeon with either condylomata acuminata, anorectal sepsis, or proctitis before the diagnosis of HIV disease. Although aggressive anorectal surgery is associated with reasonable surgical results in some asymptomatic HIV positive patients, the same procedures in AIDS (symptomatic HIV positive) patients will often be met with disastrous results. It is incumbent upon the surgeon, therefore, to recognize the manifestations of HIV disease and diagnose these conditions accordingly.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. The challenge of the nineties. 224

Although animal models of infection are associated with certain limitations in interpretation, properly performed studies provide important information for evaluating the efficacy of new antimicrobial agents in the treatment of human disease. The antibacterial efficacy of the newer quinolones, particularly ciprofloxacin, has undergone extensive evaluation in several animal models. Efficacy has been demonstrated in animal models of pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, skin and soft-tissue infections, septic arthritis, burn wound sepsis, empyema, intra-abdominal abscess, osteomyelitis, prostatitis, sinusitis, urinary tract infection, chronic gastroenteritis, granuloma pouch infection, and Pseudomonas septicemia. More recent studies have evaluated the efficacy of ciprofloxacin in animal models of tuberculosis and syphilis, as well as in infections caused by the intracellular pathogens Salmonella typhimurium, Legionella pneumophila, and Listeria monocytogenes.
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PMID:An update on the efficacy of ciprofloxacin in animal models of infection. 258 79

Thrombophlebitis is defined as thrombotic inflammation of a previously healthy superficial vein, varicophlebitis as that occurring in varicosities. The latter appears responsible for the majority of thrombotic venous occlusions. In contrast to venous thrombosis, the thrombotic involvement of deep veins, thrombophlebitis usually resolves without sequel and, in general, thrombophlebitis nor varicophlebitis are associated with the risk of pulmonary embolism. The clinical presentation of thrombophlebitis is that of a tender, hardened superficial vein which, in the presence of inflammation, may be very painful. The lower extremities are most frequently involved. Differential diagnostic considerations include bacterial cellulitis and lymphangitis. The cause of thrombophlebitis, which is rare without precipitating factors, may be a mechanical lesion such as kinking of the vein or trauma to the wall of the vein as well as other primary disease such as auto-immune afflictions, endangiitis obliterans or malignancy; in particular, with localization in the area of the rump, with concomitant occurrence in various regions or extending phlebitis, paraneoplastic syndromes and hemoblastoses should be ruled out. Rarely, phlebitis may be associated with tuberculosis and syphilis. Thrombophlebitis may be caused iatrogenically by improper application of chemical substances which cause damage to the venous walls as well as by indwelling catheters or cannulas. This form can progress to sepsis and pulmonary embolism may be incurred. Varicophlebitis, in contrast, accounts for about 90% of all cases of phlebitis and can be regarded as a typical late complication of varicosities in the superficial venous system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of thrombophlebitis and varicophlebitis]. 268 Aug 51

The patient who has clinical jaundice, abnormal results on liver function tests, or both presents a difficult diagnostic challenge. Many infectious diseases affect the liver, and the extent of involvement determines the degree of clinically apparent jaundice. Some diseases that affect the liver minimally cause no jaundice at all. An important clue to the cause of the disorder is the pattern of abnormal results on liver function tests. Increased alkaline phosphatase predominates with Q fever, secondary or tertiary syphilis, clonorchiasis, and hepatic candidiasis, while elevated levels of serum transaminases characterize viral hepatitis, leptospirosis, mononucleosis syndromes, legionnaires' disease, typhoid fever, toxic shock syndrome, and yellow fever. Increases in serum bilirubin are typical with jaundice caused by clostridial myelonecrosis, severe bacterial sepsis, and relapsing fever (borreliosis). These findings together with the patient's history, physical findings, and basic laboratory tests provide a presumptive diagnosis in most cases.
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PMID:Systemic infections affecting the liver. Some cause jaundice, some do not. 305 Sep 27

The possibility of bilateral femoral neuropathy after microsurgical tuboplasty for the reversal of sterilization is possible. There seems to be little awareness of this condition by gynecologists and fertility surgeons. This type of femoral neuropathy has an excellent prognosis and only physiotherapy is necessary to aid muscular function. Some cases have been reported where recovery has been extremely slow, normal functions had taken months, and some disability lasted years. The femoral nerve is not included in the pelvis, therefore injury through operative procedures are unlikely. The self-retaining retractors were used in all reported cases and verified through clinical experience. There are 2 types of injury to the femoral nerve: Direct pressure on the nerve itself by retractor blades, and impingement of the psoas muscle and the nerve against the lateral pelvic muscle. Factors that increase the possibility of this condition include diabetes mellitus, rheumatism, gout, alcoholism, malnutrition, syphilis, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, tetanus, liver abscesses, sepsis of distal parts of the body, polyarteritis nodosa, anticoagulants, and bleeding diseases. Femoral neuropathy has been observed after using self-retaining retractors such as O'Connor, O'Sullivan, Mann, Collin and Balfour. The preventive measures suggested are to use a retractor with appropriate blade depth.
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PMID:Bilateral femoral neuropathy after microsurgical reversal of tubal sterilization: case report and analysis of contributing factors. 362 33


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