Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An elderly man with Hodgkin's disease who was receiving multiple drug chemotherapy became septic and a wide spread bullous eruption developed. Intraepidermal cleavage on skin biopsy supported a diagnosis of the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) type of toxic epidermal necrolysis. Blood cultures confirmed a staphylococcal septicemia. Occurrence of this syndrome in an adult is unusual. A review of the literature on SSSS indicates an increased mortality when adults are compared with children with this syndrome.
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PMID:Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in an adult with Hodgkin's disease. 44 34

We conducted clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP), a newly developed parenteral carbapenem antibiotic, for its clinical application in the field of pediatrics. 1. A clinical study was performed on 13 children with infections, including 6 with acute bronchopneumonia, 1 each with acute pharyngitis, acute bronchitis, sepsis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, urinary tract infection, subcutaneous abscess and furuncle. PAPM/BP was administered by intravenous drip infusion. Doses varied from 12 to 27 mg/kg body weight were given t.i.d. or q.i.d. Lengths of treatment ranged from 4 to 25 days. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 3 and good in 9 cases, with an efficacy rate of 92%. 2. No adverse reactions were observed. In laboratory tests, elevations of GOT, GPT and urobilinogen were observed in 3 cases. It was concluded that PAPM/BP was a promising drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics]. 151 27

Forty-three newborn and young infants including 13 low-birth-weight (LBW) infants were treated with flomoxef (FMOX) and the clinical efficacy and side effect were evaluated. The ages of the patients ranged from 0 to 99 days, and their body weights from 797 to 9,000 g. Dose levels were 10.5 to 48.5 mg/kg every 6 to 8 hours for 3 to 12 days. Those patients who responded to the FMOX treatment included 8 infants with sepsis, 14 with suspected sepsis, 6 with intrauterine infection, 2 with meningitis, 7 with pneumonia, 1 with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 1 with epididymitis and 4 with urinary tract infections. The results were excellent in 17 and good in 22 patients. The drug was well tolerated, although diarrhea occurred in 2, slightly elevated serum concentrations of transaminases in 2, and eosinophilia and thrombocytosis in 1 patient each. Pharmacokinetic studies on FMOX with 20 mg/kg dose were done in 19 patients including 8 LBW infants. Serum concentrations at 15 minutes after intravenous bolus injection in five 1- to 6-day-old LBW, five 1- to 6-day-old and four 8- to 19-day-old mature infants were 52.6, 52.7 and 58.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, and those at 4 hours were 22.1, 13.3 and 5.2 micrograms/ml, respectively. Serum half-lives of the drug were 3.93, 2.29 and 1.62 hours, respectively, and excretion rates of this drug into urine in the first 6 hours after administration were 30.4, 45.1 and 58.7%, respectively. Mean serum concentrations just after intravenous 1-hour drip infusion in three 8- to 54-day-old LBW and two 8- and 10-day-old mature infants, were 31.5 and 18.9 micrograms/ml, respectively, and those at 4 hours were 15.3 and 4.3 micrograms/ml, respectively. Serum half-lives of the drug were 2.88 and 1.75 hours, respectively, and excretion rates of the drug into urine in the first 6 hours were 22.6 and 47.5%, respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid level at 3 hours after a dose was 7.09 micrograms/ml on the second day of treatment in a patient with Staphylococcus aureus meningitis receiving 50 mg/kg of the drug every 6 hours per day. Its level at 1 hour after a dose was 3.52 micrograms/ml on the 8th day of treatment in the same patient. The influence of FMOX on the fecal flora was studied in 7 patients. The characteristic pattern observed during the drug administration was the disappearance of Bifidobacterium, the decrease or disappearance of Enterobacteriaceae and the preservation of Streptococcus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Flomoxef in neonates and young infants; clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetic evaluation and effect on the intestinal bacterial flora]. 178 72

We conducted a study on the pharmacokinetics and clinical application of cefpirome (CPR) in children. 1. A single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of CPR was given to a two-month-old boy, and the concentration of the drug in the blood was measured. Fifteen minutes after administration, the concentration was 53.3 micrograms/ml, and it gradually decreased thereafter, reaching a level of 5.18 micrograms/ml after 8 hours with a half-life in the plasma of 2.36 hours. 2. A single intravenous injection of 700 mg (50 mg/kg) of CPR and that of cefotaxime (CTX) were given to a girl with suppurative meningitis (3 years old, 14 kg, causative bacteria, Haemophilus influenzae), and concentrations of the drugs in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid after 1 hour were measured. On the second day of illness, the concentration of CTX in the plasma was 39.4 micrograms/ml and the concentration of desacetyl-CTX (D-CTX) was 25.2 micrograms/ml, while concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid were 6.22 micrograms/ml (15.8%) for CTX and 3.94 micrograms/ml (15.6%) for D-CTX. On the third day of illness, concentration of CPR in the plasma was 59.3 micrograms/ml, while its concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid was 7.44 micrograms/ml (12.5%). 3. CPR was intravenously administered in daily dosages of 37.7-75.0 mg/kg in 2-3 portions for periods of 4-15 days to 2 patients with septicemia (causative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1 case and Escherichia coli in the other), 1 patient with bronchitis (K. pneumoniae), 9 patients with pneumonia (1 case of Staphylococcus aureus, 3 cases of H. influenzae, 2 cases of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 1 case of K. pneumoniae + Pseudomonas cepacia, 2 cases of H. influenzae + Branhamella catarrhalis), 2 patients with cellulitis (1 case of S. aureus, 1 case, causative agent unknown), 1 patient with suppurative lymphadenitis (causative agent, unknown), 1 patient with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 1 patient with renal abscess (causative agent, unknown), and 1 patient with a urinary tract infection (E. coli), for a total of 18 patients, with excellent results in 9 cases and good results in 9 cases, hence an efficacy rate of 100% was obtained. 4. As an accompanying side-effect, eruption was observed in 1 of the 18 patients, but when administration was discontinued, the symptom gradually receded, and it disappeared by the 4th day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefpirome in pediatric field]. 182 75

We conducted a pharmacokinetic and clinical study on cefpirome (HR 810, CPR), an aminothiazolylmethoxyiminoacetamido cephalosporin (ATOIC), and obtained the following results. 1. Concentrations in blood/excretion in urine. We studied pharmacokinetic in children upon intravenous bolus injections and 30-minute and 1-hour intravenous drip infusions in single dosages of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, and obtained virtually the same results as those found in adult subjects. Upon intravenous bolus injections, mean blood concentrations 30 minutes after administration of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg were 26.1, 47.8, and 82.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, and half-lives were 1.13, 1.43, and 1.26 hours, respectively. Upon 30-minute intravenous drip infusion, mean blood concentrations on completion of the drip infusions of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg were 43.2, 106.9, and 163.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, and half-lives were 1.15, 1.09, and 1.15 hours, respectively. In addition, upon 1-hour intravenous drip infusion, mean blood concentrations on completion of infusion were 27.1 micrograms/ml for 10 mg/kg and 47.5 micrograms/ml for 20 mg/kg, and half-lives were 1.09 and 1.40 hours, respectively. A clear dose response was observed at all dosages for either administration method. Mean excretion rates in urine in the first 8 hours after administration were 60.6-71.1% upon intravenous bolus injections of 10-40 mg/kg, and upon intravenous drip infusion, the values were 50.2-83.8% for administration of 10-40 mg/kg 6 or 7 hours after completion of drip infusion. 2. Concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid Penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid was studied in 2 subjects, and a concentration of 0.28-5.19 micrograms/ml was observed upon administration of 50 mg/kg, a moderate degree of penetration compared to the penetration of cephalosporins of group 5 studied up to now. 3. Clinical results Evaluation of clinical effects of CPR on various types of bacterial infections was conducted in 56 subjects, excluding 3 subjects who had diseases which were excluded from the study. The breakdown was as follows: 3 cases of meningitis, 1 case of septicemia, 25 cases of bronchial pneumonia, 1 case each of tonsillitis and infection of the external acoustic meatus, 2 cases each of scarlet fever and phlegmon, 8 cases each of lymphadenitis and urinary tract infections, and 5 cases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Results of excellent or good were obtained in 54 subjects for an efficacy rate of 96.4%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of cefpirome in the pediatric field]. 204 Nov 59

Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was clinically evaluated and its pharmacokinetics studied in neonates. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Blood levels of CTRX at 8 to 12 hours after intravenous injection with a single dose of 10 to 20 mg/kg ranged from 14.9 to 32.8 micrograms/ml, while T1/2 ranged from 8.2 to 24.8 hours. 2. Blood levels of CTRX at 11 hours after the completion of drip infusion which lasted one hour with a dose level 10 to 20 mg/kg, ranged from 10.6 to 25.0 micrograms/ml, while T1/2 was 5.4 to 22.8 hours. 3. Multiple intravenous administrations were given to premature infants, but blood levels did not show evidence of drug accumulation. 4. Urinary excretion in 6 hours after an intravenous injection or a drip infusion with 10 approximately 20 mg/kg of CTRX ranged from 13.8 to 58.5% of the dosage. 5. The subjects in this study were 9 neonates with suspected sepsis, pneumonia, Staphylococcus epidermidis or Staphylococcus aureus infections (sepsis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, pneumonia), acute bronchitis or meconium aspiration syndrome. Efficacies CTRX were excellent or good in all these cases administered in a daily dose of 19.5 to 41.6 mg/kg for 4 to 11 days. 6. No general side effects or abnormalities were observed in blood count, or hepatic or renal function.
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PMID:[Evaluation on ceftriaxone administered intravenously in neonates]. 340 43

To 39 neonates and premature infants 1 to 28 days old with various bacterial infections or suspected bacterial infections and were nearing cure-stage via ceftriaxone (CTRX) therapy, CTRX 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg was intravenously administered by bolus injection, and the changes in serum concentrations and urinary recovery rates of the drug were examined. Because the number of cases included was small, a comparison study was conducted by classifying them into three groups; less than 4 days old, 4 to 7 days, and 8 days or older, rather than dividing them into groups of neonates and premature infants. Clinical evaluation was conducted in 10 male and 6 female cases 1 to 46 days old, whose diseases comprised 1 case each of purulent meningitis, septicemia, pyothorax, phlegmonous cellulitis, and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, plus 5 with bronchopneumonia and 6 with urinary tract infection. 1. Changes in serum concentrations and urinary recovery rates (1) Intravenous bolus injection of 10 mg/kg: Serum concentrations in all three groups were the highest immediately after the drug administration, ranging from 32.3 to 35.9 micrograms/ml, with no significant differences noted among the groups. The levels gradually declined thereafter in all groups; to 12.7 to 18.3 micrograms/ml at 6 hours and 8.4 to 13.2 micrograms/ml at 12 hours. Averaged blood half-lives of CTRX were 11.3, 8.8, and 17.3 hours. The urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours in the 3 groups were 31.0, 27.9, and 26.0%, respectively. (2) Intravenous bolus injection with 20 mg/kg: Serum concentrations were the highest immediately after the drug administration in all 3 groups, ranging from 56.5 to 73.1 micrograms/ml. The levels gradually declined thereafter in all groups, but remained rather high at 17.9 to 21.1 micrograms/ml at 6 hours and 13.2 to 16.8 micrograms/ml at 12 hours. The older the patients were, the shorter the serum half-lives of CTRX were: 25.5 hours in the less than 4 day old group, 11.7 hours in the 4 to 7 day old group, and 10.5 hours in the 8 days or older group. The urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours in the 3 groups were 25.5, 22.3, and 21.8%, respectively. 2. Clinical results Clinical evaluation was made in 16 cases. CTRX at 11.9 to 60.0 mg/kg/day, was administered once daily or in 2 divided doses, daily. In all cases, including those with presumed severe infections that included 1 case each of purulent meningitis, septicemia and pyothorax, the efficacy was good or excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in neonates and premature infants]. 340 45

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791), a newly developed combined antibiotic in a 1:1 ratio, were performed in the field of pediatrics. The MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered to 15 children. Ten and 20 mg/kg doses of MK-0787 were administered by a intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes to 3 children each. In the remaining 9 cases, MK-0787 doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg were administered to 3 children each by a 1 hour intravenous drip infusion. Levels of MK-0787 and MK-0791 in plasma, urine and urinary recovery rate of the drugs were also determined. In addition, MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered to a total of 29 children; 2 children with bronchitis, 16 with pneumonia, 4 with UTI, 2 with purulent lymphadenitis and 1 child each with tonsillitis, septicemia suspected disease, peritonitis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and osteomyelitis/bacteremia. The average single dose was 15.3 mg/kg of MK-0787 and administrations were performed by 20-60 minutes intravenous drip infusion 3-4 times daily for an average period of 6 days. The clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug were evaluated in these cases and adverse reactions and unusual laboratory findings were also studied in a total of 33 cases including 4 other drop-out cases. Results of these studies were summarized as follows. In 6 children, 3 each who were given doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg, the mean peak plasma concentrations of the drugs were found at the end of the 30 minutes-infusion with values of 35.20 and 74.90 micrograms/ml for MK-0787 and 44.85 and 93.32 micrograms/ml for MK-0791 after the dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. The peak plasma levels of MK-0791 were approximately 1.3 times higher than those of MK-0787 and higher peak levels were observed in the groups with larger doses of either drugs. In the 10 mg/kg group, the mean half-lives of MK-0787 and MK-0791 were 0.97 and 0.71 hour, respectively and those values were 0.89 and 0.63 hour, respectively in the 20 mg/kg group. In both group, MK-0787 tended to have longer half-lives than MK-0791. In 9 children, 3 each who were administered doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg by a 1 hour intravenous drip infusion had the highest plasma levels for both MK-0787 and MK-0791 at the end of the infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the pediatric field]. 346 84

Ceftizoxime (FK 749, CZX) was evaluated in 24 children with a suspicion of bacterial infection. Of the 17 confirmed bacterial infections, 16 were shown to be effective (effective rate, 94.1%). The diagnosis included acute pharyngitis (2), pneumonia (6), staphylococcal empyema (1), cervical purulent lymphadenitis (2), acute enterocolitis (2), acute pyelonephritis (1), SSSS (1) and suspected septicemia (2). The etiological pathogens recovered were Streptococcus anginosus (1), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Haemophilus influenzae (3), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1) etc. A case of suspected Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia was not effectively treated with CZX. The serum half-life of CZX was 1.36 hours after intravenous bolus infection. A cerebrospinal fluid level of CZX was 6.2 mcg/ml 1 hour after intravenous bolus injection of 1 g (23.8 mg/kg) in a child with inflamed meninges. No severe adverse reaction was encountered with the CZX therapy. The data suggest that CZX is an excellent candidate for the first choice parenteral antibiotic in the pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime in the pediatric infections (author's transl)]. 627 2

The therapeutic effects of cefmenoxime (CMX), a new synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, were examined in the treatment of various pediatric infections. Patients treated were infants and children ranging from one-month-old to 13-year-old suffering from pharyngitis in 2 cases, bronchopneumonia in 3 cases, cervical lymphadenitis in 2 cases, urinary tract infections in 7 cases, tympanitis in 2 cases, suppurative meningitis, sepsis, subcutaneous apostem, acute enteritis, chest wall apostem, phlegmon, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in 1 case each, a total of 23 cases. As regards method of administration, CMX from a vial was dissolved in physiological saline or distilled water for injection, and the solution was administered by 3 to 5 minutes one short intravenous injection (14 cases), or CMX was diluted with large volume parenteral product and administered by 30 to 60 minutes drip infusion (9 cases). The dosage of the drug was 30 to 200 mg/kg/day; 103 mg/kg/day and under in 21 cases, 150 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day in 1 case each. The administration was continued for 3 to 27 days. As regards clinical efficacy, "good" or "excellent" results were obtained in all the cases except 2 cases, one was alpha-Streptococcus acute tympanitis supervening neuroblastoma, and the other was Pseudomonas urinary tract infection. The efficacy rate was 91.3% with excellent in 11 cases, good in 10 cases. As regards bacteriological effects, of 13 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 10 strains were eliminated and 3 strains were not changed, while of 10 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, 8 strains were eliminated and 2 strains were reduced; thus CMX showed better results against Gram-negative bacteria rather than against Gram-positive ones. The antimicrobial activity of CMX against Gram-positive bacteria was inferior to those of CTM and CEZ, but CMX showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. No clinical side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings obviously attributable to CMX were observed.
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PMID:[Therapeutic effects of cefmenoxime in the treatment of various infections on infants and children]. 630 39


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