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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over a six year period, in the Clinic of Communicable Diseases of Cluj Napoca, 2301 patients with staphylococcal infections were admitted to the Clinic, representing 8% of the total number of patients admitted, and 3513 staphylococcal strains were isolated. A number of 43 of the 2301 patients died (1.8%), but staphylococcal infection was actually the cause of death in only 35 cases (1.5%) (septicemia, staphylococcal meningitis and pulmonary infections). Eight of the patients died from the basic disease (hepatitis, tetanus, paratyphoid C fever etc.). A number of 2246 Staphylococcus hemolyticus aureus, 80 non-hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus and 162 Staphylococcus albus strains were isolated; most of the strains were resistant to antibiotics in different proportions.
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PMID:[Staphylococcal infections in the Cluj-Napoca Clinic of Infectious Diseases during the years 1967-1972]. 13 44

The reticuloendothelial stimulant glucan, a beta-1,3-polyglucose component of the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was evaluated for its ability to modify Staphylococcus aureus-induced lethality in normal and leukemic mice. In normal mice the intravenous injection of glucan (0.45 mg per mouse) 7 and 4 days prior to intravenous challenge with S. aureus (1.0 x 10(9)) resulted in a significantly increased survival. Histological examination of the kidneys revealed that glucan significantly inhibited renal necrosis associated with systemic staphylococcal diseases. Further studies indicated that glucan administration not only enhanced survival of leukemic mice, but also increased survival of leukemic mice with experimentally induced staphylococcal speticemia. These data denote that glucan enhances nonspecific resistance to S. aureus sepsis, promotes survival during leukemic episodes, and increases survival time of leukemic mice with experimentally induced staphylococcal infection.
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PMID:Protective effect of glucan against systemic Staphylococcus aureus septicemia in normal and leukemic mice. 35 59

Present-day problems of infection by Staphylococcus aureus are described against a brief historical account of the evolution of the multiple antibiotic resistant 'hospital staph'. which caused such immense problems of hospital cross-infection in the 1950's and 1960's. These problems have lessened considerably since that time, but staphylococcal infection still remains as a cause of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis and treatment are not always straight-forward. Apart from applying general supportive measures, and appropriate surgical intervention when necessary, the attending doctor is faced with making a choice from a multiplicity of antibiotic agents. A brief account of the main antibiotic agents currently available is given with comments on some of the disadvantages and complications attendant on their use. The potential dangers of staphylococcal sepsis and the need for rapid diagnosis and prompt vigorous treatment are stressed.
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PMID:The problems, diagnosis and treatment of infection by Staphylococcus aureus. 49 32

Glucan, a beta 1 leads to 3 polyglucosidic component of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was evaluated for its ability to provide nonspecific resistance to S. aureus septicemia in AKR/J mice. Intravenous injection of glucan (0.45 mg/mouse) 7 and 4 days prior to intravenous challenge with S. aureus (1.0 x 10(9)) resulted in a significantly increased survival as compared to control mice. Histological examination of the kidneys revealed that glucan decreased tissue necrosis associated with systemic staphylococcal disease. A post-treatment regimen of glucan significantly enhanced survival of AKR/J mice with lymphocytic leukemia as well as leukemic mice with experimentally induced systemic staphylococcal infection. The effect of glucan on S. aureus septicemia was also evaluated in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Glucan increased peripheral leukocyte counts as well as significantly enhanced survival of cyclophosphamide-treated mice with systemic S. aureus infection. Histopathological examination revealed that glucan administration markedly inhibited renal and hepatic pathology in cyclophosphamide-treated mice following intravenous challenge with S. aureus. These data denote that glucan provides nonspecific resistance to bacterial sepsis in normal, leukemic as well as immunosuppressed mice.
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PMID:Glucan induced modification of experimental Staphylococcus aureus infection in normal, leukemic and immunosuppressed mice. 54 28

The experiments on gravid rats showed that generalized staphylococcal infection in the female rats resulted in intrauterine infecting of the fetus and had a negative effect on its antenatal development: increased embryonal death rate, decreased weight gain, etc. In case of staphylococcal septicemia the amniotic waters were a peculiar reservoir of the causative agent where it accumulated in larger amounts than in the fetus tissues. Efficiency of oxacillin in daily doses of 144 and 72 mg was shown in treatment of the rat intrauterine infection. High sensitivity of the infected embryons to higher doses of the drug was found.
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PMID:[Antibiotic therapy of experimental intrauterine staphylococcal infection]. 70 1

Studies on the chemotherapeutic action of rifampicin in treatment of staphylococcal sepsis and sepsis caused by gramnegative organisms showed its high efficacy only in treatment of the staphylococcal infection. By the level of its efficacy rifampicin was much superior to benzylpenicillin and especially tetracycline. No difference in the activity level of the antibiotic in treatment of staphylococcal infections caused by sensitive and multiple resistant staphylococcal strains was found. In treatment of the infections caused by gramnegative organisms the drug activity was moderate.
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PMID:[Chemotherapeutic effectiveness of rifampicin in experimental infections]. 79 16

Antibacterial activity of gentamycin sulfate was studied in vitro and in treatment of albino mice with experimental infections. Gentamycin was superior to kanamycin with respect to its antibacterial effect against clinical strains of Staphylococcus, Coli bacteria, Proteus and Ps. aeruginosa. High efficiency of gentamycin was found with respect to acute and chronic staphylococcal infection, acute Proteus and Coli sepsis. The antibiotic was characterized by low LD50, high chemotherapeutic index, rapid decrease in isolation of the causative agent from the animal organs. The activity of gentamycin against infections caused by Ps. aeruginosa was the main advantage of gentamycin in comparison to kanamycin.
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PMID:[Experimental study of the chemotherapeutic activity of gentamicin sulfate]. 79 17

From 1964 to 1974 we treated 15 children who had acute disseminated staphyloccal disease. The majority were previously-well males over 5 years of age. Thirteen of 15 patients had one or more cutaneous lesions characteristic of staphyloccal septicemia. Fifty percent of extracutaneous foci of staphylococcal infection were not detected on hospital admission and one third of these lesions were noted for the first time at autopsy. An absolute polymorphonuclear cell count of greater than 10,000/cu mm or an absolute band-form count of greater than 500/cu mm, or both, correlated with the presence of one or more inadequately treated sites of infection. These foci were responsible for bacteremia continuing after the initiation of antimicrobial therapy and for prolonged fever. The overall mortality was 27%; three of the four deaths occurred in patients with predisposing medical conditions. In addition to prolonged antimicrobial therapy, all patients should be evaluated carefully for the presence of occult metastatic sites of staphyloccal infection.
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PMID:Acute disseminated staphylococcal disease in childhood. 83 34

The puerperal mastitis is a staphylococcal infection of the lactating mamma cumulating during the third and fourth week after delivery. It is seen three times as often after hospital than after house delivery, and it is also more frequent with primiparae than with multiparae. The infection is caused by bacterial hospitalism. Most commonly mamilla and milkducts are infected via the child's nasopharynx. Mastitis rarely occurs in non-nursing women. Early diagnosis before the appearance of all classical inflammatory symptoms is important, to start the treatment with antibiotics before abscess formation takes place. We mentioned Fucidine, Oleandomycin and Oxacillin as staphylococcal-effective, penicillinase-resistent antibiotics. Additionally low-dose X-ray radiation may be given. In case of abscess formation local antibiotic-instillation combined with oral antibiotic treatment should be tried before incision. It is best to incise an abscess only after is complete breakdown. Complications to be looked for are maternal sepsis and staphylococcal infection of the newborn.
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PMID:[Puerperal mastitis]. 87 13

Pharmacokinetics of lincomycin hydrochloride and 7-chlor-7-desoxylincomycin hydrochloride (chlolincocin) was studied on albino mice and rabbits with experimental staphylococcal sepsis caused by intravenous introduction of highly pathogenic cultures. The septic process was accompanied by impairement of the kidney function, the pathological changes in the kidneys being most pronounced. The antibiotic levels in the blood and tissues of the internal organs, i.e. liver, kidneys, lungs and spleen increased in the infected animals, while the content of the antibiotic in the urine decreased. Determination of the plasmatic, kidney and extrakidney clearance revealed the increasing role of the extrakidney clearance. The shudy of the concentrations of 7-desoxylincomycin in the bile of the animals subjected to cholecystostomy showed that the role of the liver in elimination of lincomycin increased in the animals with experimental staphylococcal infection. As the state of the animals improved the changes in the pharmacokinetics of lincomycin decreased.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics of lincomycins in experimental staphylococcal sepsis]. 88 7


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