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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In December, 1984, an outbreak of pyoderma affected five scrum players in the St Thomas' Hospital rugby team. The causative organism, Streptococcus pyogenes, was acquired during a match against a team experiencing an outbreak of impetigo, and was transmitted to two front row players of another team a week later, and to two girlfriends of affected St Thomas' players a month later. The strain was M-type 49, tetracycline-resistant, and virulent. It caused salpingitis in a girlfriend and acute glomerulonephritis in one rugby player. No case of subclinical glomerulonephritis was detected in eight patients with pyoderma. Screening of the St Thomas' Hospital team revealed four further cases of non-streptococcal skin infection, with evidence for contemporaneous spread of Staphylococcus aureus. Teams should not field players with sepsis, and it may be advisable to apply a skin antiseptic to traumatised skin after the match.
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PMID:Scrum kidney: epidemic pyoderma caused by a nephritogenic Streptococcus pyogenes in a rugby team. 287 37

During a 6-month period data were collected on 460 patients residing on the long-term care division of this 1200-bed county hospital. The purpose was to determine prevalence and spectrum and to identify risk factors for skin infections, urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and sepsis. Overall, the prevalence of nosocomial infections among 460 patients was 12%. Patients with infections had an average of 2.8 diagnoses of their underlying disease compared to patients without infections, who only had 1.8 diagnoses. Specific risk factors were identified. Skin infections were more common in patients who were nonambulatory, diabetic, malnourished, and incontinent of urine and feces, whereas respiratory infections were more common in patients who were smokers or had chronic obstructive lung disease and had not received pneumococcal vaccine. Thirteen percent of patients with an indwelling urinary catheter had symptomatic urinary tract infections, whereas 100% had asymptomatic bacteriuria.
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PMID:Nosocomial infections among patients in a long-term care facility: spectrum, prevalence, and risk factors. 384 29

Our purpose was to study prospectively the causes, routes of infection, and frequency of catheter-related sepsis in patients on total parenteral nutrition. From January 1981 to January 1984, cultures of 135 subclavian catheters from 135 adult patients were done by quantitative and semiquantitative methods. Twenty patients (14.8%) had catheter-related sepsis. Fourteen episodes (70%) stemmed from an colonized hub. Skin infection (Staphylococcus aureus, 2 cases), total parenteral nutrition mixture contamination (Enterobacter cloacae, 2 cases), and hematogenous seeding of the catheter tip (Yersinia enterocolitica, 1 case, and Streptococcus faecalis, 1 case) accounted for the remaining six septic episodes. The catheter hub is, in our experience, the most common site of origin of organisms causing catheter tip infection and bacteremia.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of catheter sepsis: a prospective study with quantitative and semiquantitative cultures of catheter hub and segments. 392 Feb 39

Complications of subclavian catheters in 17 consecutive patients with high enterocutaneous fistulas were studied. Fifteen patients had drainage surgery and total parenteral nutrition was given to all patients via a subclavian catheter for 27 +/- 20 days and in total 75 catheters were used for 1044 days. One patient needed on average 5.0 +/- 2.2 catheters and one catheter was in place 12.3 +/- 9.7 days. Bacterial cultures were positive in two and candida cultures in one catheter. Three patients died due to sepsis, but only one had a minor complication transient skin infection around the catheter. The frequency of complications decreased when the number of catheters in each patient increased. Minor complications were common.
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PMID:Complications of subclavian vein catheters in patients with high enterocutaneous fistulas. 393 May 88

Multivariate statistical methods, multiple regression (RA) and automatic interaction detector analysis (AID) were used to study the possibility of an early prediction of staphylococcal etiology in 249 of 851 patients with verified septicemia or endocarditis. The variables included pertinent symptoms and signs and laboratory data available soon after admission. 10 of the 70 variables initially studied showed simple, or in various combinations, a statistically significant partial correlation to staphylococcal etiology in the AID. The highest predictive value with a high probability for staphylococcal etiology was recorded for combinations of the variables: i.v. narcotic addiction and septic pulmonary embolism; non-addiction, wound infection, and hospitalization within 4 weeks; non-addiction, absence of skin infection, presence of foreign body, and age less than 60 yr. Staphylococcal etiology was contradicted by the absence of i.v. narcotic addiction, skin infection, foreign body, septic skin manifestation, surgical procedure within 4 weeks, joint symptom and a C-reactive protein less than or equal to 10 mm. Thus, a prediction of etiology may be valuable in choosing therapy before definite confirmation by positive blood cultures or when blood cultures remain sterile.
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PMID:Prediction of staphylococcal etiology among patients with septicemia with or without endocarditis by multivariate statistical methods. 399 4

Because of degenerative joint diseases and the reduced resistance in older patients the correct diagnoses of joint-empyema is difficult. In 29 pat (> 60 y) the mean delay of diagnoses was 5.1 months. First location of the infection have been: urinary tract 12, pneumonia 6, skin infection 10, and decubitus 3. Risk factors have been diabetes 4, polyarthritis 3, gout 3 and tuberculosis 3. The species were: s. aureus 12, s. albus 2, streptococcus 2, diphtheroid 2, e.coli 2, pseudomonas 2, proteus 4, enterobacter 3 and salmonella 1. 8 patients demonstrated mixed infections. The high mortality (3 pat.) and the frequent general sepsis (5 pat.) underline the importance of a missed joint-empyema in the elderly.
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PMID:[Joint destruction and infection in advanced age]. 783 47

In recent years, medical treatment of neonates, especially premature infants, has made a remarkable progress, but the rate of neonatal mortality from bacterial infection has not decreased. Our early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal bacterial infection was discussed as below, 1) The rate of onset of neonatal sepsis was higher in neonates under 1500 gr birth weight, and a trend for increase of E. cloacae, which is the main causative organism of sepsis in recent years, was recognized. 2) The intestinal tract, skin, and some kinds of catheters were suggested as the main root of sepsis. Therefore the following three points, namely, selection of antibiotics which has less influence in the intestinal flora, early treatment of skin infection, and regular culture of surveillance are highly important in early diagnosis and treatment and prevention of infections.
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PMID:[The intractable bacterial infection in the pediatric field]. 812 98

Ectodermal dysplasia is a heterogeneous disorder that includes a constellation of congenital malformations occasionally associated with mild to moderate immune dysfunction. In this report, we describe a female infant with ectodermal dysplasia who was found to have thymic hypoplasia but no other phenotypic features of the DiGeorge anomalad. She experienced Candida parapsilosis sepsis at 1 week of age and a skin infection with Mycobacterium chelonii at 6 months. The numbers of blood B cells were normal and serum immunoglobulins normal to slightly reduced, but serum antibody responses of all immunoglobulin isotypes to protein immunogens were absent. Blood T cells were profoundly reduced and proliferative responses of T cells to mitogens were blunted. In contrast, there was an increased number of natural killer (NK) cells and increased NK activity in the blood. Over the first year of life, some of the immunodeficiencies resolved. Although the numbers of blood T cells (17% of total lymphocytes) remained low, proliferative responses to mitogens normalized and specific antibody responses improved. It seems likely that the thymic hypoplasia in this case was due to a paucity of ectodermal elements in the developing thymus, and that the immune defects were largely secondary to that event. In that respect, this human model of ectodermal dysplasia and thymic hypoplasia resembled the ectodermal/thymic defects found in the nude mouse.
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PMID:Thymic hypoplasia and T-cell deficiency in ectodermal dysplasia: case report and review of the literature. 813 58

In a case-control study in 398 neonates the value of measuring the levels of neutrophil elastase-alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor (EPI) for early diagnosis of neonatal infection was studied in comparison to the commonly used parameters of leukocyte count, ratio of immature to total granulocytes and C-reactive protein levels. Investigations were performed on day 1 or day 6 of life. On the basis of the clinical findings patients were allocated to one of the three following groups: healthy neonates (group A), neonates with local infections such as pneumonia or skin infection (group B) or neonates with septicemia as demonstrated by a positive blood culture (group C). The median EPI levels (with range) measured on day 1 were: group A 40 (15-65) micrograms/l, group B 120 (80-260) micrograms/l, group C225 (140-355) micrograms/l. The levels on day 6 were: group A 27.5 (5-55) micrograms/l, group B 105 (65-370) micrograms/l, group C 182.5 (74-450) micrograms/l. EPI thus discriminated well between healthy neonates and neonates with infection, but not between neonates with infection and neonates with septicemia.
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PMID:Value of measurement of neutrophil elastase-alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor levels in the early diagnosis of neonatal infection. 840 19

A bacteriological work on surface infections was done among live births (study group I) and neonates admitted in hospital (study group II). Out of 134 cases of conjunctivitis in group I Gram-negative bacilli predominated (48.5%) with Escherichia coli accounting for 29 (14.9%) cases, Klebsiella species 15 (11.2%) cases, Citrobacter freundii 3 (2.2%) cases, Pseudomons aeruginosa 18 (13.4%) cases and Aeromonas hydrophila 3 (2.2%) amongst pure isolates (73.9%). Gonococcus was noted in 2 (1.5%) cases. In group II, 41.7% were Staphylococcus aureus in pure growth (75%), compared to only 9.0% in group I. Skin infections were caused by both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the principal insolates from umbilical sepsis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated as pure growth from local site of noma neonatorum. Anaerobic cultures were negative in all except in 2 cases of umbilical sepsis with tetanus neonatorum revealing Clostridium tetani which however proved to be non-toxigenic. Blood cultures were positive in 4 out of 14 cases bearing 50% correlation with bacteria from surface infections. A source study established partial correlation with the cases of pseudomonas conjunctivitis. Phage typing of Staphylococcus aureus and biochemical typing failed to detect any definite marker of clinical entities, except that the skin infections were caused by group III phages predominantly (65.0%).
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PMID:Bacteria in surface infections of neonates. 869 37


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