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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Subdural empyema is a rare form of intracranial sepsis associated with high morbidity and mortality. The most frequent cause is extension of paranasal sinusitis through emissary veins or of mastoiditis through the mucosa, bone, and dura mater. Development of subdural empyema after pyogenic meningitis is known to be very unusual in adults. We report a rare case of fatal subdural empyema, an unusual complication of pyogenic meningitis. Our bitter experience suggests that subdural empyema should be borne in mind in patient with pyogenic meningitis who exhibit neurological deterioration.
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PMID:Fatal subdural empyema following pyogenic meningitis. 2155 39

The aim of the work was to define the distribution of phages administered per os to children for medical reasons, and the immune response. 102 children aged from 5 days to 15 years with different diseases of bacterial etiology (pneumonia, sepsis, urinary infection, pharyngitis/sinusitis, enteral infection) were monitored. Pyobacteriophage was being included into the complex therapy. The drug was administered per os. In 6/7 of blood, 48/55 urine and 64/75 stool samples taken on the 3-5th day of treatment different components of pyobacteriophage were revealed. The titers varied from 103 to 105 pfu/ml. No age differences were seen. In two weeks after the onset of the phagotherapy the antibodies to phages were tested in the blood serum using the neutralization reaction method. The blood samples were taken from 31 patients. In 14 of them the antibodies neutralizing 52.5-97.3% of the phage activity were seen. A significant age-related peculiarity was determined: in newborns and infants the antibodies were not revealed or their activity was low. Obtained results confirm the reasonability to use of peroral phagotherapy in gastro-intestinal infections. At the same time it was ascertained that the phages taken per os can permeate into the internal environment of the organism and thus the peroral phagotherapy can be used to treat systemic infections and urinary tract infections as well. Absence or low production of the antiphage antibodies in newborns and infants suggests high efficacy of the phagotherapy in this age group.
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PMID:[What happens when the child gets bacteriophage per os?]. 2187 60

Invasive aspergillosis has been classically associated with certain risk factors: cytotoxic chemotherapy, prolonged neutropenia, corticosteroids, transplantation, AIDS. However, the literature is growing that this mycosis, particularly pulmonary aspergillosis, can be seen in patients lacking these factors. Many of the latter patients are in the intensive care unit. Other associated conditions include influenza, nonfungal pneumonia, chronic obstructive lung disease, immaturity, sepsis, liver failure, alcoholism, chronic granulomatous disease and surgery. Certain focal sites, such as sinusitis or cerebral aspergillosis, have additional risk factors. This emphasizes the potential importance of a positive culture for Aspergillus in the critically ill, the need for awareness about possible aspergillosis in patients lacking the classical risk factors, and readiness to proceed with appropriate diagnostic maneuvers.
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PMID:Aspergillosis in the 'nonimmunocompromised' host. 2198 4

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are many different serotypes of the organism which may be carried by up to 50% of children under the age of 6 years, as well as many adults. The organism is associated with both pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease, which may result in septicemia or meningitis. It is also a principal cause of otits media and sinusitis, which are not life-threatening, but generate a lot of discomfort, loss of schooling or working days, and around 60 000 GP consultations per year in the UK. Vaccination is a safe and effective way to prevent this infection from causing significant ill health.
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PMID:Pneumonia part 2: signs, symptoms and vaccinations. 2239 39

Group A streptococcus (GAS) is a global bacterial pathogen. It is a rare cause of central nervous system infections and accounts for about 1% of all childhood meningitis. Otitis media or sinusitis has been reported as a risk factor for brain abscess in invasive GAS diseases. We present the case of a previously healthy boy with GAS sepsis and meningitis. He subsequently developed a brain abscess and needed a prolonged course of intravenous antibiotics.
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PMID:Group A streptococcal septicemia, meningitis and cerebral abscess: case report and literature review. 2273 7

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a bacterial pathogen that causes invasive infections, including septicemia and meningitis, as well as noninvasive infections such as community-acquired pneumonia, sinusitis and acute otitis media. Vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has significantly reduced the burden of pneumococcal disease; however it targets only seven of the more than 92 pneumococcal serotypes. Concerns have been raised that nonvaccine serotypes could increase in prevalence and reduce the benefits of vaccination. We report one case with invasive nonvaccine serotype 25 that presented with meningitis.
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PMID:Emerging invasive nonvaccine pneumoccocal serotype 25. 2275 Jul 71

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of bacteremia, sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, and acute otitis media in young children. Some serotypes are associated with particular disease syndromes, such as complicated pneumonias in children, or with higher rates of hospitalization in children and are consistently responsible for outbreaks in certain populations. In this report we describe a case of a nine-year-old boy who developed an abscess of pleura and invasive pneumococcal bacteremia. The boy was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain and vomiting, accompanied by mild cough and fever. Chest X-ray revealed lower left lobe consolidation with pleural inflammation and chest CT showed extensive interstitial-alveolar changes in the left lung with atelectasis and pleural effusion causing a reduction in lung volume up to the fourth rib. From the 6(th) day of hospitalization on, suction drainage and intrapleural administration of alteplase were continued for 5 days. Intravenous antibiotics were administered for subsequent 32 days. The course of disease was complicated with labial herpes and acute adenoviral gastroenteritis. The costs of diagnosis (11.7%), pharmacotherapy (55.2%), hospitalization (30.7%) and additional procedures (2.4%) were about <euro>4,444, while the cost of treatment from the perspective of the National Health Fund was only <euro>1,508. The costs of treating the boy with sepsis caused by S. pneumoniae serotype 1 were thus about three times higher than those from the perspective of providers of the National Health Fund. Administration of a new pneumococcal conjugated vaccine containing serotype 1 (PHiD-CV10 or PCV13) could have prevented invasive pneumococcal disease in the described patient.
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PMID:Invasive pneumococcal bacteremia in a 9-year-old boy caused by serotype 1: course, treatment and costs. 2282 75

We illustrate a case involving a 51-year-old man who presented to a tertiary hospital with sepsis secondary to an abscess of the nasal vestibule and pustular eruptions of the nasal mucosa. Associated cellulitis extended across the face to the eye, and mucosal thickening of the sinuses was seen on computed tomography. The patient underwent incision and drainage and endoscopic sinus surgery. Blood cultures and swabs were positive for a gram-negative bacillus, Burkholderia pseudomallei. He had multiple risk factors including travel to an endemic area. The patient received extended antibiotic therapy in keeping with published national guidelines. Melioidosis is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, found in the soil in Northern Australia and Asia. It is transmitted via cutaneous or inhaled routes, leading to pneumonia, skin or soft tissue abscesses, and genitourinary infections. Risk factors include diabetes, chronic lung disease, and alcohol abuse. It can exist as a latent, active, or reactivated infection. A high mortality rate has been identified in patients with sepsis. Melioidosis is endemic in tropical Northern Australia and northeastern Thailand where it is the most common cause of severe community-acquired sepsis. There is one other report of melioidosis in the literature involving orbital cellulitis and sinusitis.
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PMID:Sinonasal melioidosis in a returned traveller presenting with nasal cellulitis and sinusitis. 2393 7

Pneumococcal infections continue to pose a serious medical problem. A broad range of serotypes, increasing resistance to antibiotics and high pathogenic potential of pneumococci are associated with development of various clinical forms of diseases. Some chronic diseases are an important predisposing factor for development of pneumococcal infections. The most common noninvasive forms of the disease are otitis, sinusitis, conjunctivitis; pneumonia is on the borderline between the invasive and noninvasive forms. Meningitis, sepsis, endocarditis and arthritis all belong to invasive pneumococcal diseases. The diagnosis is based on the so-called classic microbiological and molecular biology methods aimed at determining the pneumococcal serotype. The treatment recommendations are varied, depending on the resistance status in particular geographic regions. Prevention of the infections is primarily based on vaccination. In the past, only polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) was available; currently, there are conjugate vaccines (PCVs), either 10-valent (PCV10) or 13-valent (PCV13). Initially, PCVs were used exclusively in children; later, PCV13 was approved for selected indications in the adult population. Since 2013, it has been indicated for both children and adults of all ages. These facts have been incorporated into updated guidelines in various specialties. The future of pneumococcal infection prevention rests with the development of protein vaccines.
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PMID:[Clinical manifestations of pneumococcal infections and the current prevention options]. 2462 52

Central nervous system infection and sepsis are the most frequently observed clinical presentations of listeriosis infection; however, they are rare in immunocompetent children beyond the neonatal period. In the presented case, we described gastrointestinal involvement, subacute meningitis, sinusitis and sepsis in a two-year-old previously healthy child with acute infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes. We suggest that the infection was probably enhanced by an inappropriate corticosteroid treatment at the onset of the disease, while immunological testing did not confirm the primary deficiency of cellular immunity.
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PMID:Systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection in a 2-year-old immunocompetent child. 2506 Jun 81


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