Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have treated 42 episodes of pediatric infections with sulbactam/ampicillin since 1987. Included were 9 cellulitis, 9 urinary tract infections, 5 cervical lymphadenitis, 4 meningitis, 2 thoracic empyema, 2 osteomyelitis, 2 sepsis, 1 furuncle, 1 perianal abscess, 1 dental abscess, 1 peritonsillitis, 1 salmonellosis, 1 shigellosis, 1 peritonitis, 1 suppurative thyroiditis, 1 infective endocarditis. Responsible pathogens were Escherichia coli in 8, Staphylococcus aureus in 6, Hemophilus influenzae in 2, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 3, Streptococcus viridans in 2, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 1, Bacteroides fragilis in 1, Salmonella D1 in 1, Shigella sonnei in 1, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1, Enterobacter agglomerans in 1, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in 1, Enterobacter cloacae in 1, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus in 1, and polymicrobial infection in 4 cases. Thirty-nine out of 41 (95%) clinically evaluable patients cured and all (34/34) bacteriologically evaluable patients eradicated their pathogens after treatment with sulbactam/ampicillin. Side reactions were seen in five patients; one maculopapular skin rash, one hemolytic anemia, two diarrhea, and one liver function impairment plus leukopenia. All these reactions were transient and did not require interruption of therapy. These results indicate that sulbactam/ampicillin is safe and effective in the treatment of common pediatric infections beyond the neonatal period.
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PMID:A clinical evaluation of sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of pediatric infections. 263 93

In a 10-year cohort of 117 infants hospitalized in Honolulu with Salmonella infections, there were 12 infants with bacteremia or complications (simple bacteremia, 7; bacteremia with probably unrelated concurrent infection, 2; serious complications, 3). The rate of serious complications in this cohort was low and occurred only in infants with previous chronic illness or clinically obvious extraintestinal infection at the time of presentation. Antibiotics were not shown to be of benefit in reducing the frequency of complications; however, the sample size was too small to make definitive conclusions. These data do not support the contention that infants with Salmonella gastroenteritis are at increased risk of complications and should therefore be treated with antibiotics. Rather, the same clinical risk factors for sepsis that apply to all infants also apply to infants with Salmonella gastroenteritis and the decision to begin antibiotic treatment should be based on similar clinical information.
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PMID:Salmonella infections in infants in Hawaii. 334 Apr 59

A 16-year-old pony with signs of intermittent abdominal pain was treated with phenylbutazone in excess of the recommended dosage. Endoscopy revealed ulceration of the esophagus, stomach, and proximal portion of small intestine. The pony developed diarrhea. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from the blood and feces. Treatment included fluids, trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, sucralfate, and ranitidine hydrochloride. The diarrhea resolved, as did the gastrointestinal ulceration. This case was unusual because septicemia with salmonellosis is an uncommon finding in adult equids. Also, complications commonly seen in neonatal septicemia (septic arthritis, nephritis, and hepatitis) were not observed. Phenylbutazone toxicosis and stress were considered possible causes for the gastrointestinal ulceration.
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PMID:Septicemic salmonellosis and suspected phenylbutazone toxicosis in an aged pony. 337 3

Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791) was administered to pediatric patients with infections, and the following results were obtained. Pharmacokinetic study Two children, 11 years of age (38 kg body weight) and 3 years of age (15.5 kg body weight), were administered by 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion a single dose of 500 mg/500 mg (13.2 mg/13.2 mg per kg) and 250 mg/250 mg (16.1 mg/16.1 mg per kg) of MK-0787/MK-0791, respectively. Serum concentrations of MK-0787 reached their peaks at the end of drip infusion at a value of 56.33 micrograms/ml and 55.98 micrograms/ml, respectively. Concentrations of the drug decreased as the time after the administration increased, and they reached 0.14 microgram/ml and 0.12 microgram/ml, respectively in the older and the younger children at 6 hours after the administration. Half-lives (T 1/2) of the drug in serum were calculated to be 1.21 hours and 1.04 hours, respectively. The concentration of the drug in cerebrospinal fluid for the 11 years old was 0.52 microgram/ml 2 hours after the drip infusion and the serum concentration at the time was 4.02 micrograms/ml. Peak serum concentrations of MK-0791 in the 2 children were 53.73 micrograms/ml and 22.99 micrograms/ml, respectively, at the end of drip infusion. After 1 hour, the serum concentration of the drug decreased to 10.54 micrograms/ml in 1 case and not detectable in the other case. Urinary recovery rates of MK-0787 in 6 hours after the drip infusion was 82.9% and 63.6% in the 2 children and those of MK-0791 were 57.9% and 74.6%. Clinical study Clinical studies on MK-0787/MK-0791 were carried out in 6 pediatric patients; 1 each with femoral cellulitis, sepsis suspected, salmonellosis, acute tonsillitis, bronchopneumonia and streptococcosis. Lengths of treatment were 2 2/3-4 days for 5 cases and 6 days for 1 case. The patients were treated by 30-60 minutes intravenous drip infusions twice a day for 1 case, and 3 times a day for 5 cases at daily doses of 54.5-66.7 mg/kg. The treatment was effective in all cases, with 3 cases judged excellent and 3 cases good. The safety of the drug was studied in 7 patients. No side effects nor clinically abnormal values were observed in any cases.
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PMID:[Clinical study on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of pediatrics]. 346 80

A 1-year-old female patient is described who suffered from sepsis and endophthalmitis due to Salmonella typhimurium. This Salmonella species rarely causes septicemic syndrome or focal infection of body organs. As far as we know this is the first case report of endophthalmitis caused by S typhimurium despite its high frequency among Salmonella infections not caused by S typhi.
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PMID:Endophthalmitis due to Salmonella typhimurium. 351 14

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) has traditionally been employed as an oral formulation for infections in ambulatory pediatric patients. However, therapeutic concentrations of TMP and SMZ in serum and CSF are more consistently attained after intravenous administration. Serum half-life increases with the age of the child, and few significant toxic effects are observed with intravenous administration. Either the necessity to optimize bioavailability because of the underlying seriousness of disease or a desire to avoid other drugs that may be responsible for adverse reactions or hypersensitivity should direct the clinician to administer an intravenous preparation. Serious pediatric infections that might warrant the consideration of intravenous TMP-SMZ include shigellosis, salmonellosis, typhoid fever, nocardiosis, gram-negative bacillary septicemia or meningitis, and infections due to Pneumocystis carinii and malarial parasites. Infections due to Listeria will respond to TMP-SMZ, and infections due to Citrobacter diversus, Acinetobacter species, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Flavobacterium meningosepticum are especially susceptible to TMP-SMZ.
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PMID:Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in pediatric infections: relative merits of intravenous administration. 355 55

Between 1976 and 1985 necropsies were conducted on 55 free-living and 18 captive echidnas originating from several localities in Victoria, Australia. Injuries arising from motor vehicle accidents were the most common cause of death (24 of 55; 47%). An additional nine live echidnas were presented for clinical examination for dog or fox wounds (eight), or wire snare wounds (one). Incidental infestations with ticks (Aponomma concolor) on the skin or in the ear canal (eight of 82; 10%), and infections with intestinal cestodes (Linstowia echidnae) (nine of 73; 12%) and intestinal coccidia (three of 73; 4%) were found. Intestinal trichostrongyloidosis (four of 55; 7%), purulent bronchopneumonia (three of 55; 5%) and septicemia (three of 55; 5%) were the major disease syndromes seen in free-living echidnas. Other conditions seen were a non-specific enteritis, toxoplasmosis and bacterial granulomata. The latter lesion and the bronchopneumonia may have arisen from soil bacteria entering the body during digging and feeding activities. The echidna's ability to resist these infections may be lowered due to its low normal body temperature, and periods of torpor. Several young echidnas suffered starvation or gastric dilatation soon after capture, due to the rejection or fermentation of food offered. Captive echidnas suffered from acute salmonellosis (six of 18; 33%), toxoplasmosis (two of 18; 11%) and exposure (two of 18; 11%).
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PMID:Morbidity and mortality of free-living and captive echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus (Shaw), in Australia. 373 83

During the six-year period from 1978-1983 968 so-called "enteritis Salmonellae" were isolated in our laboratory. 50 of them (= 5,2%) were primary isolations from extraintestinal specimens, first of all from blood, abscess smear and urine. The greater part of the patients with an atypical course of enteritis salmonellosis showed clinical signs of septicemia (44%) or local suppuration (24%). In atypical salmonellosis advanced age and sex distinctly prevailed compared to the distribution of age and sex of patients suffering from typical Salmonellae enteritis. 80% of the patients with atypical salmonellosis had mostly resistance lowering basic diseases, first of all diabetes mellitus, or were treated with immunosuppressive therapy. The spectrum of "enteritis Salmonellae" isolated only from feces during the same period differed significantly (p = 0,01) from the spectrum of Salmonellae types found in extraintestinal specimens. An atypical course was relatively often caused by S. enteritidis, S. panama and S. virchow.
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PMID:[Atypical course of infections with enteritis salmonellas]. 390 47

During 1980-1984, 51 patients with enteric fever (typhoid/paratyphoid fever and salmonellosis) biliary tract sepsis, and other Gram-negative infections were treated with temocillin at 3 medical centres in Bangkok, Thailand. This article summarises the results in the 42 evaluable patients (14 males, 28 females); 10 patients with enteric fever, 2 patients with salmonellosis; 12 patients with biliary tract sepsis, and 18 patients with other Gram-negative infections. Overall, 86% of the patients were clinically cured or improved. Bacteriological eradication or marked reduction in the number of organisms was achieved in 95% of the patients. In 10 cases of enteric fever and 2 cases of salmonellosis all bacterial pathogens were eradicated, but 1 case of Salmonella paratyphi infection failed clinically. Eleven of 12 biliary tract infections were clinically cured or improved, and organisms were eliminated from all 10 bacteriologically assessable patients. The majority of patients received 1 to 2g of temocillin given by intravenous infusion twice daily for 5 to 14 days. Temocillin was well tolerated by all patients.
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PMID:Use of temocillin in typhoid fever, hepatobiliary disease and other infections. 392 21

Eighty-seven of 283 isolates of salmonellae recovered from horses in Kentucky by the Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center from July 1, 1980 through June 30, 1984 were Salmonella agona. No isolations of S agona were made from Jan 1, 1972 through June 30, 1980. Salmonella agona was isolated from horses on 56 farms and most of the isolations were made in the spring. All age classes of horses were involved. Clinical forms of salmonellosis observed were diarrhea, septicemia, infertility, and abortion. Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined for 83 of the 87 isolates, and 79 were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents, including chloramphenicol and gentamicin.
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PMID:Emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella agona in horses in Kentucky. 395 66


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