Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new human gamma-globulin for intravenous use, SM-4300, was administered to 13 patients with infectious diseases. Five grams of SM-4300 was drip infused to each patient whose infection was not controlled by previous administered antibiotics. All of 13 patients had primary diseases besides infections. Thirteen patients were composed of 4 with pyelonephritis, 2 with pneumonia, 1 with bronchopneumonia, 1 with bronchitis, 1 with pyothorax, 2 with sepsis and 2 with cholecystitis. The results obtained were good in 3 cases, fair in 2 cases and poor in 7 cases. The results of a patient was not determined. No side effect was found including in laboratory findings.
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PMID:[Clinical study on SM-4300 in the field of internal medicine]. 393 25

Timentin (ticarcillin (TCR) + clavulanic acid (AC)) was given for severe bacterial infections to sixteen hospitalized patients (10 male and 6 female; 16 to 75 years of age; normal renal function in 12). Infections included 8 septicemias (of which 4 were secondary to pyelonephritis), 6 pyelonephritis (in addition to the four above-mentioned cases), and 3 suppurated cellulitis of the lower limbs (with septicemia in one case). The following bacteria were recovered: 10 Escherichia coli, 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Providencia stuartii, 1 Salmonella typhi, 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 1 Staphylococcus aureus. The sixteen strains were all susceptible to timentin (MICs determined by agar dilution: TCR + AC 4 mg/l: 0.5-16 mg/l; TCR + AC 8 mg/l: 0.2-16 mg/l). Thirteen strains were susceptible to TCR (MIC less than or equal to 16 mg/l), and three (1 E. coli, 1 K. pneumoniae, and 1 S. aureus) were resistant to TCR (MIC greater than or equal to 256 mg/l). 14 patients received timentin alone, while two were also given dibekacin. Timentin was given in one-hour IV infusions in a dosage of 9.6 g/24 h (3.2 g X 3) in 10 patients and 6.4 g/24 h (3.2 g X 2) in 6. Duration of therapy was 14 to 16 days in half of cases (range 5 to 21 days). At termination of the infusion, serum concentrations of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (determined in ten patients) were greater than 50 mg/l and 3-7.4 mg/l respectively, and serum bactericidal activity (evaluated in ten cases) was consistently less than 1/2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a ticarcillin-clavulanic acid combination in severe infections in adults]. 393 32

The efficacy and safety of ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium and piperacillin were compared in a clinical trial of 78 hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections. There were 37 evaluable patients in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium-treated group and 39 in the piperacillin-treated group. The 43 infection sites in each group were primarily complicated pyelonephritis or complicated cystitis; six patients in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium-treated group and four in the piperacillin-treated group also had septicemia. Both ticarcillin (3 g) plus clavulanate potassium (200 mg) and piperacillin (125 to 200 mg/kg per day) were administered intravenously. The 43 most common pathogens in each treatment group were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the urinary tract and E. coli from the blood. Eight pathogens in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium-treated group and 11 in the piperacillin-treated group were resistant to ticarcillin in vitro. Eradication was achieved for 39 of the 43 (91 percent) pathogens in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium group, including all six organisms isolated from the blood and eight (89 percent) of the ticarcillin-resistant pathogens. In the piperacillin-treated group, 33 of the 43 (77 percent) pathogens were eradicated, including three of the four blood isolates but only eight (73 percent) of the ticarcillin-resistant pathogens. The rate of reinfection or relapse was similar in both groups. Clinical cure or improvement occurred in 97 percent of the patients in each group. Mild and transient increases in levels of liver enzymes or eosinophilia was reported for 11 patients in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium-treated group and for seven in the piperacillin-treated group. In one patient in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium-treated group, a drug-related rash and nausea developed, and treatment was discontinued.
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PMID:Comparative study of ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium versus piperacillin in the treatment of hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections. 407 1

In a comparative study, 47 patients received Timentin, a combination of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid, or piperacillin to treat serious urinary tract infections. Thirty-nine infections in 38 patients were clinically evaluable (21 in the Timentin-treated group and 18 in the piperacillin-treated group). These included pyelonephritis (10 in the Timentin-treated group and five in the piperacillin-treated group), bladder infections with sepsis (11 in the Timentin-treated group and 11 in the piperacillin-treated group) and bladder infections without fever (two in the piperacillin-treated group). The addition of clavulanic acid to ticarcillin greatly enhanced the susceptibility of five of the 28 evaluable pathogens in the Timentin-treated group (two Escherichia coli isolates, two Staphylococcus aureus isolates, and one Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate). The minimal inhibitory concentrations at which 50 and 90 percent of the bacterial growth was inhibited were 4 and 64 micrograms/ml, respectively, for Timentin, and 4 and 32 micrograms/ml, respectively, for piperacillin. All evaluable patients had a satisfactory symptomatic response at the end of the trial. Of 28 evaluable pathogens treated with Timentin, 18 were eradicated up through the one-week post-therapy evaluation period; of 27 evaluable pathogens treated with piperacillin, 18 were eradicated up through the same time period. Eradicated pathogens included E. coli (six of 13 in the Timentin-treated group and six of 11 in the piperacillin-treated group), other Enterobacteriaceae (three of three in the Timentin-treated group and eight of 10 in the piperacillin-treated group), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two of four in the piperacillin-treated group), enterococcus (two of three in the Timentin-treated group and two of two in the piperacillin-treated group), staphylococcal species (four of five in the Timentin-treated group), and other organisms (three of four in the Timentin-treated group). Resistance did not develop in any of the persisting pathogens. Adverse effects thought possibly to be related to the study drugs were minimal and included rash in one Timentin-treated patient and diarrhea in another.
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PMID:Timentin versus piperacillin in the therapy of serious urinary tract infections. 407 2

Clinical usage of aztreonam (AZT), a newly synthesized antibiotic which belongs to monobactam, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 22 patients aged from 1 month-old to 13 year-5 month-old with bacterial infections and the following results were obtained. AZT was administered to 4 patients with pyelonephritis and 10 patients with tonsillitis at a daily dosage of 40.4-120.9 mg/kg and to 5 patients with clinical sepsis associated with agranulocytosis caused by intensive antileukemic therapy at a daily dosage of 142.4-171.4 mg/kg, divided into 3 or 4, by intravenous injection or by 30 minutes drip infusion. The clinical results of these 19 evaluable patients were as follows: excellent; 10 cases, good; 5 cases, fair; 2 cases, poor; 2 cases. The over all efficacy rate was 78.9% and that of pyelonephritis and tonsillitis was 100.0%. No clinical side effects were observed in any 23 patients, including a patient who proved to be suffering from Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and no abnormal laboratory findings caused by AZT was noticed. The MICs of AZT against 9 strains isolated from patients with pyelonephritis and those with tonsillitis were as follows: MICs against all of 3 strains of K. pneumoniae were less than 0.05 microgram/ml. MICs against 2 out of 4 strains of H. influenzae were less than 0.05 microgram/ml and those of the remaining 2 strains were 0.10 microgram/ml. MIC against 1 strain of S. aureus was 1.56 microgram/ml. MIC against 1 strain of S. epidermidis was more than 100 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam in children]. 409 60

Clinical studies of aztreonam (AZT) were performed in 10 pediatric cases. One transient pyuria case with 10(3)/ml E. faecalis detected in urine was excluded from clinical evaluation, because the presence of infection was unclear. Results were as follows: AZT was effective on 1 patient with meningitis (causative organism: H. influenzae), who was treated with 41.7 mg/kg 4 times a day. Results of administration of 58.1-78.9 mg/kg 3 or 4 times a day by intravenous injection for 1 E. coli sepsis-and-pyelonephritis complication case and 7 pyelonephritis cases (causative organisms: E. coli in 1, E. coli + E. faecalis in 1, E. faecalis in 1, P. aeruginosa in 3 and unknown in 1) were excellent in 4, good in 2 and poor in 2 cases. The pathogens of the 2 poor cases were E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Six of the pyelonephritis cases had vesicoureteral refluxes as an underlying condition. Clinical and microbiological effects of AZT were considered to be closely correlated with its MIC values. No side effect was recognized. Though abnormal laboratory findings were obtained in 4 cases, including elevations of GOT X GPT in 2 cases, GPT elevation in 1 case and plateletcount increase in 1 case. All of these abnormalities were minor and transient. The serum concentrations of AZT for a two-month-old patient with pyelonephritis were 65, 50, 35, 22.8 and 12.4 micrograms/ml at 1/2, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively and T1/2 was 2.42 hours after injecting AZT 20 mg/kg by intravenous injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam in pediatrics]. 409 63

Ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX), a new parenteral cephalosporin, was used for pediatric infections and the following results were obtained. CTRX was administered twice daily by intravenous injection with about 20 mg/kg in 6 cases consisting of 2 cases with purulent lymphadenitis of the neck, 2 with urinary tract infection, 1 with sepsis and pyelonephritis and 1 with sepsis and purulent lymphadenitis of the neck. The result was excellent in 4 and good in 2. One case with H. influenzae meningitis, receiving 50 mg/kg CTRX by intravenous injection twice daily, showed an excellent response without having any sequela. Among those mentioned above, diarrhea in 2 cases and elevated GOT and GPT in 2 were observed, all of which were transitory and not serious. The blood level of CTRX at 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after intravenous injection with 20 mg/kg to a girl of 8 years and 8 months of age with urinary tract infection was 114, 86, 70, 42, 29 and 21.8 micrograms/ml, respectively. The half-life time was 3.5 hours while the urinary recovery rate up to 6 hours was 58.0%. The concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of 1 case with H. influenzae meningitis ranged from 2.1 to 8.2 micrograms/ml at 3 hours after administration and from 1.15 to 2.65 micrograms/ml after about 12 hours (prior to the next administration). The above-mentioned results suggest that CTRX is a new antibiotic useful for pediatric infections caused with susceptible bacteria and is effective by intravenous injection with 10 mg/kg twice daily for moderate infections and with 20 mg/kg twice daily for severe ones, except for meningitis. As for purulent meningitis, the administration dosage and frequency will have to be further examined based on the intravenous injection with 50 mg/kg twice daily.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation on ceftriaxone in the field of pediatrics]. 609 7

A phage specific for Escherichia coli K5 antigen was used to determine the frequency of K5 in strains of E. coli isolated from cases of sepsis, meningitis, and urinary tract infection (pyelonephritis, cystitis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria), as well as from fecal samples of healthy subjects. Although entirely absent from meningitic strains, K5 was found to be one of the most common E. coli capsular antigens, especially in strains causing sepsis. K5 was less common in the fecal strains of healthy subjects than in strains causing various urinary tract infections, between which there was no significant difference in its frequency. Thus, even if K5 is a less important antigen than K1 in the etiology of acute pyelonephritis or acute meningitis, as the fifth most commonly occurring K antigen in E. coli strains causing urinary tract infection it should be included as a component in any K antigen-based vaccine against acute pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Escherichia coli K5 antigen in relation to various infections and in healthy individuals. 619 69

Ceftizoxime (FK 749, CZX) was evaluated in 24 children with a suspicion of bacterial infection. Of the 17 confirmed bacterial infections, 16 were shown to be effective (effective rate, 94.1%). The diagnosis included acute pharyngitis (2), pneumonia (6), staphylococcal empyema (1), cervical purulent lymphadenitis (2), acute enterocolitis (2), acute pyelonephritis (1), SSSS (1) and suspected septicemia (2). The etiological pathogens recovered were Streptococcus anginosus (1), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Haemophilus influenzae (3), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1) etc. A case of suspected Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia was not effectively treated with CZX. The serum half-life of CZX was 1.36 hours after intravenous bolus infection. A cerebrospinal fluid level of CZX was 6.2 mcg/ml 1 hour after intravenous bolus injection of 1 g (23.8 mg/kg) in a child with inflamed meninges. No severe adverse reaction was encountered with the CZX therapy. The data suggest that CZX is an excellent candidate for the first choice parenteral antibiotic in the pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime in the pediatric infections (author's transl)]. 627 2

Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftizoxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, in children led to the following results. 1. Ceftizoxime compared favorably with cefazolin (CEZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ) for in vitro activity against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus (31 strains), Escherichia coli (29), Klebsiella pneumoniae (30) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16). While somewhat less active against S. aureus than CEZ and CMZ, ceftizoxime was far more active than these 2 cephalosporin antibiotics against the test strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, which included strains resistant to the 2 drugs. Ceftizoxime was not particularly active against Ps. aeruginosa, but this seeming disadvantage was offset by the absolute ineffectiveness of the 2 reference drugs on this obstinate organism. 2. The time course of mean serum ceftizoxime levels in 3 pediatric patients of 5--10 years old given a single intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg was as follows: 45.4 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 40.4 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 22.1 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 10.4 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 2.9 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 0.9 microgram/ml at 6 hours. The mean serum half life was 1.12 hours. The mean urinary levels of ceftizoxime at serial 2-hour collection intervals were as follows: 2,477 micrograms/ml for 1--2 hours, 1,235 micrograms/ml for 2--4 hours and 462 micrograms/ml for 4--6 hours. The mean urinary recovery up to 6 hours was 61.0%. 3. The clinical response of 28 children with infection to ceftizoxime treatment was 'excellent' in 22 children, 'good' in 4, and 'poor' in 2. These children comprised 11 with acute pneumonia, 3 with acute bronchitis, 4 with acute pyelonephritis, 2 each with acute purulent arthritis and acute enterocolitis, and 1 each with acute purulent tonsillitis, acute purulent lymphadenitis, furunculosis, subcutaneous abscess, subdural abscess and sepsis. The overall rate of effectiveness was 92.9%. Successfully eradicated strains in the bacteriological sense consisted of 4 strains each of H. influenzae and E. coli, 1 strain each of P. morganii, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes, 1 of the 2 strains of S. enteritidis, and 1 of the 3 strains of S. aureus. The overall rate of bacteriological effectiveness was 81.3%. No clinical side effects were observed. Changes in laboratory test findings included slightly and transiently elevated GOT and GPT in 1 child and GOT alone in another child.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftizoxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 13


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