Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 898 group B streptococci isolated from a wide variety of human clinical sources from July 1967 through June 1972 were typed by the Lancefield precipitin test. Only 11% of the strains were nontypable. Twenty-six percent of the group B strains were from respiratory sources, 22% were from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood, 13% were from the female genital tract, 12% were urine specimens, and the remaining 27% were from other varied sources. The clinical conditions reported for patients from whom these organisms were isolated included neonatal meningitis and sepsis, pharyngitis, urinary tract and female genital tract infections, and various skin and wound infections. Seventy percent of the CSF and blood cultures from patients with meningitis or sepsis, or both, were type III, whereas the overall percentage of this type was 32%. All but three CSF isolates were from patients under 2 years of age; the distribution of CSF isolates appeared to be the same for both sexes. In contrast, group B streptococci were isolated more frequently from the blood of males than from the blood of females. There were twice as many blood cultures from patients under 2 years of age than from those that were older.
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PMID:Distribution by serological type of group B streptococci isolated from a variety of clinical material over a five-year period (with special reference to neonatal sepsis and meningitis). 472 98

Pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was investigated in 9 children with normal renal and hepatic function. In addition, the clinical effect of CZX was evaluated in 26 pediatric patients with various infections. In 4 of the 9 children with normal renal and hepatic function, intravenous bolus injection of CZX in a dose of 20 mg/kg yielded a mean peak serum level of 36.5 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour after infusion, and mean serum levels of 12.5 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 6.0 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after infusion. The biological half-lives of CZX were estimated to be 1.25--2.55 hours. In another child, serum levels of CZX at 1/2, 2 and 4 hours after intravenous bolus injection in a dose of 10 mg/kg were 19.60, 5.96 and 2.06 micrograms/ml, respectively. The clear difference in dose response between 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg reflected the doubled dose levels. In the remaining 4 children, drip infusion of CZX in a dose of 20 mg/kg (1 child 17 mg/kg) over 0.5--1.5 hours yielded peak serum levels at the end of infusion. The biological half-lives of CZX were estimated to be 0.95--1.50 hours. About 80% of CZX was excreted in the urine within 6 hours after infusion in the 4 children tested. Twenty-six pediatric patients with various infections were treated with CZX intravenous doses of 20 mg/kg to 118 mg/kg b.i.d.--q.i.d. for 3--14 days. Of the 12 patients with acute bronchitis and pneumonia, 5 showed excellent response, 6 good and 1 fair response. Of the 5 patients with urinary tract infection, 4 showed excellent response and 1 good response. One patient each with colitis, tonsillitis and facial cellulitis, pharyngitis showed excellent response and 1 patient each with purulent thyroiditis and gluteal abscess showed good response. The single patients with sepsis showed excellent response. One patient each with pyothorax, purulent arthritis and cerebral abscess showed poor response. Overall effectiveness rate was 84.6%. although 22 of all 26 patients treated had serious underlying diseases such as APL, AML. A mild increase in GOT and GPT was observed in 1 patient during treatment with CZX, and the values returned to normal after discontinuation of the drug. These results suggest that ceftizoxime is 1 of the most important antibiotics for treating a wide range of infections in children as well as in adults.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime (author's transl)]. 627 8

The therapeutic effects of cefmenoxime (CMX), a new synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, were examined in the treatment of various pediatric infections. Patients treated were infants and children ranging from one-month-old to 13-year-old suffering from pharyngitis in 2 cases, bronchopneumonia in 3 cases, cervical lymphadenitis in 2 cases, urinary tract infections in 7 cases, tympanitis in 2 cases, suppurative meningitis, sepsis, subcutaneous apostem, acute enteritis, chest wall apostem, phlegmon, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in 1 case each, a total of 23 cases. As regards method of administration, CMX from a vial was dissolved in physiological saline or distilled water for injection, and the solution was administered by 3 to 5 minutes one short intravenous injection (14 cases), or CMX was diluted with large volume parenteral product and administered by 30 to 60 minutes drip infusion (9 cases). The dosage of the drug was 30 to 200 mg/kg/day; 103 mg/kg/day and under in 21 cases, 150 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day in 1 case each. The administration was continued for 3 to 27 days. As regards clinical efficacy, "good" or "excellent" results were obtained in all the cases except 2 cases, one was alpha-Streptococcus acute tympanitis supervening neuroblastoma, and the other was Pseudomonas urinary tract infection. The efficacy rate was 91.3% with excellent in 11 cases, good in 10 cases. As regards bacteriological effects, of 13 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 10 strains were eliminated and 3 strains were not changed, while of 10 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, 8 strains were eliminated and 2 strains were reduced; thus CMX showed better results against Gram-negative bacteria rather than against Gram-positive ones. The antimicrobial activity of CMX against Gram-positive bacteria was inferior to those of CTM and CEZ, but CMX showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. No clinical side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings obviously attributable to CMX were observed.
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PMID:[Therapeutic effects of cefmenoxime in the treatment of various infections on infants and children]. 630 39

From 1976 to 1981, 28 episodes of group B streptococcus (GBS) septicemia were identified in our hospital (CHUV, University Hospital Lausanne), 18 in 17 adults and 10 in newborns. The latter had acute respiratory distress syndrome (8 cases) or meningitis (2 cases). In adults the skin was the main source of infection (6 diabetic foot, 4 acute cellulitis complicating chronic skin diseases, 2 infections secondary to diagnostic procedures (capillary and ascitic taps) and 1 meningitis secondary to neurosurgery). The other sources of infection were 1 pharyngitis, 1 pneumonia and 1 pyelonephritis. Eleven patients had an underlying disease (7 diabetes and 4 malignancies). Four patients developed septic osteoarticular metastases, one after a 3 weeks' course of antibiotic. In the latter case, as well as in the two adult patients who died, the strains of GBS were found to be tolerant to penicillin. Thus, GBS septicemia are not rare in adults and occur often in compromised hosts such as diabetics. The portal of entry is frequently the skin and the course may be severe with distant complications.
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PMID:[Streptococcus group B septicemia. Analysis of 18 cases in adults and 10 in newborn infants]. 633 80

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new injectable cephamycin antibiotic, was studied for its antibacterial activity, concentration in serum and urine, penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as well as clinical application. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activity: The susceptibilities of clinically isolated K. pneumoniae, E. coli and E. cloacae to T-1982 were superior to those of CEZ CMZ, and ABPC. T-1982 seemed to be useful for various infections due to Gram-negative rods. 2. Concentration in serum and urine: Subjects were 10 children with congenital heart failure but no abnormal renal and liver functions. T-1982 was given intravenously to 3 groups at 200 mg/kg by one shot (4 cases), 20 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion (3 cases) and 10 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion (3 cases). The half-lives were 60, 78 and 85 minutes, respectively. 3. Penetration into cerebrospinal fluid: Three children with malignant tumor were injected 20 mg/kg intravenously. A small amount of T-1982 was penetrated into CSF. 4. Clinical efficacy: T-1982 was administered daily 40-116 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 2-14 days to 17 children comprising 1 bronchopneumonia, 1 bronchitis, 4 tonsillitis, 1 lymphadenitis, 1 sepsis, 1 pharyngitis, 1 impetigo, 1 acute sinusitis and 6 pyelonephritis. Clinical efficacy was excellent in 10, good in 2, fair and poor in 3, and the efficacy rate was 70.6%. Bacteriological effect was as follows; eradicated in 9 cases and unknown in 8 cases. As side effect, GOT and GPT elevations unrelated to the drug were observed in 2 cases. Other abnormal findings were not found. T-1982 seems to be safe antibiotic in the field of pediatrics.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of pediatrics]. 634 37

Postanginal sepsis is the term used to describe the life-threatening infection caused by suppurative phlebitis of the internal jugular vein secondary to infection of the parapharyngeal spaces. This begins with a history of pharyngitis followed by infection of the parapharyngeal spaces, septic pulmonary embolism, and septicemia caused by hematogenous dissemination of the infection. The oral anaerobes are the most common pathogens associated with this syndrome. Recently, we managed 2 patients who had septic pulmonary embolism from postanginal sepsis syndrome caused by Eikenella corrodens. Previously, E. corrodens has not been described in association with this syndrome. The clinical presentation, anatomic, bacteriologic, and management aspects of postanginal sepsis syndrome are reviewed based on our experience with these 2 cases. In patients with clinical evidence of septic pulmonary embolism, particularly in the nonintravenous drug abusers, postanginal sepsis and septic jugular phlebitis have to be considered as a source of septic pulmonary embolism.
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PMID:Septic pulmonary emboli secondary to internal jugular vein phlebitis (postanginal sepsis) caused by Eikenella corrodens. 638 58

An outbreak of serious infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes occurred in a nursing home for elderly patients. The outbreak began in mid-winter and continued for 12 months. Thirteen residents and two nurses had infections. Severity of infection was worse in residents, who developed sepsis, necrotizing fasciitis, cellulitis, septic arthritis, pneumonia, and conjunctivitis; in contrast, the nurses had pharyngitis only. Six of thirteen residents required acute hospital care, and the index case died with sepsis. Typing of S. pyogenes was done in 13 of 15 cases, and the same serotype (M-non-typable, T-25) was found. Control measures consisted of identifying all patients with infections, obtaining cultures, and providing prompt treatment. Patients in nursing homes are highly susceptible to serious infections with S. pyogenes.
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PMID:An outbreak of Streptococcus pyogenes infections in a nursing home. 638 64

Thirty-six febrile patients were administered cefpiramide (CPM) of 20 approximately 75 mg/kg/day for 3 approximately 11 days, and the clinical and side effects were evaluated. Among children with bacterial infections, including pneumonia, urinary tract infection, sepsis, pharyngitis and bronchitis, the results were excellent in 9, good in 13, and fair in 3 patients. Out of 36 patients, adverse reactions were observed in 9 cases, i.e. vascular pain at one shot intravenous injection in 4, diarrhea in 2, eosinophilia in 2, and diarrhea and eosinophilia in 1 case. One shot intravenous administration of CPM of 10 mg/kg to 4 patients yielded mean serum level of 100 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes and mean serum half-life of 2.5 hours, and administration of 20 mg/kg to 3 patients yielded mean serum level of 200 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes and mean serum half-life of 3.5 hours. The half-life in 1 patient with slight liver lesion was 5.36 hours. The rates of urinary recovery within 8 approximately 12 hours were 7.2 to 28.0% in 5 patients, 45.1% in a patient with nephrotic syndrome, and 50.9% in a patient with slight liver lesion.
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PMID:[Clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics of cefpiramide in children]. 665 32

Ten inpatients at the Second Department of Internal Medicine, Mie University Hospital, developed infections in the course of treatment for hematopoietic disorders and were administered cefoxitin (CFX). Patients suffered from the following infections: pharyngitis, 2; bronchitis, 2; pneumonia, 2; sepsis, 2; bacteremia, 1; suspected cases of bacteremia, 2; and fever of unknown origin, 1. The number of infections totaled 12 as 1 patient with pharyngitis also developed sepsis and 1 patient with pneumonia developed bacteremia. Duration for the administration of CFX ranged between 5 and 18 days with a total dosage of between 30 and 108 g. Of the 10 patients treated with CFX, 9 were treated concomitantly with micronomicin (MCR), doxycycline (DOXY), or sulbenicillin (SBPC), some were treated concomitantly with only 1 of the drugs and some were treated concomitantly with 2 of the drugs. The following clinical results were obtained: Following treatment, 4 patients were considered "excellent", 5, "good", and 3, "poor". Clinical efficacy rate was 75%. Four strains of Gram-positive cocci (1 strain of S. aureus, 2 strains of S. epidermidis and 1 strain of Streptococcus sp.) and 3 strains of Gram-negative rods (2 strains of P. aeruginosa and 1 strain of E. cloacae) were found in the clinical specimens of the 10 patients. These results differed somewhat from reported data that Gram-negative rods such as E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp., are dominant. No serious side effects requiring cessation of treatment were observed. Elevations in the levels of S-GOT, S-GPT, serum alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, etc. were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefoxitin in infections associated with hematopoietic disorders]. 667 23

A fatal case of Streptococcus equisimilis pneumonia and septicemia is described in a young man with Hodgkin's disease. The disease course consisted of exudative pharyngitis, macular rash, septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolization. S. equisimilis was isolated from blood, throat, and sputum cultures antemortem and from lung cultures at autopsy.
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PMID:Streptococcus equisimilis Pneumonia in a compromised host. 683 89


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