Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The variant best known as the large-colony type of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides is responsible for severe outbreaks of septicemia with coagulopathy in goats. Our objective was to study aspects of the pathogenesis that might explain the coagulopathy, the persistence of mycoplasmas in the blood of septicemic goats, and the host specificity. The endothelial cells of caprine aorta tissue cultured in vitro and exposed to the M. mycoides underwent severe ultrastructural damage. There was no evidence of cytotoxicity to 51Cr-labeled adherent cells from peripheral blood of goats. Complement from goat, sheep, calf and guinea pig was activated by the mycoplasma, resulting in consumption of complement and lysis of mycoplasmas. Goat complement had the poorest mycoplasmacidal effect, whereas guinea pig complement had the highest cidal activity. Complement was activated through the classical pathway, since selective chelation of Ca++ inhibited activation, and serum from C4-deficient guinea pigs was not mycoplasmacidal. Complement activity was restored in chelated serum of sheep, calf and guinea pig after Ca++ supplementation, but not in goat serum, suggesting a difference in the classical pathway activity between these species. Activation of complement may be an important generator of inflammation in this disease. However, species variation in mycoplasmacidal efficiency of complement cannot wholly explain why goats and sheep are susceptible to septicemia and calves and guinea pigs are not. Both endothelial damage and complement activation may be important features of the pathogenesis of tissue damage, and may help explain the coagulopathy in this disease.
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PMID:Pathogenetic mechanisms of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides septicemia in goats. 651 21

A patient with septicemia, caused by Mycoplasma hominis was described. Data were established for pyeloureteral anomalies in both ureters with disturbed left drainage with hydronephrosis II--II stage. Mixed flora was isolated from urine--Mycoplasma hominis and E. coli. Pure culture Mycoplasma hominis was isolated from the hemocultures. The patient was favourably affected by metacyclin treatment--600 mg daily.
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PMID:[Septicemia caused by Mycoplasma hominis]. 653 66

Mycoplasma hominis was recovered from the blood of 7 patients with various underlying disorders. One patient had a legal abortion, another a Caesarian section, both followed by septicemia. Three patients had genital infections in pregnancy, followed by septicemia and spontaneous abortion. M. hominis was also recovered from cervix and urethra in 2 of these women. High serum antibody levels against M. hominis were demonstrated in 3 women. One female developed septicemia after cancer surgery, one male after heart surgery. In the first 6 patients described the septicemia was of short duration and self-limiting, in the 7th patient it was of long duration and appropriate antimicrobial treatment was required. From this patient M. hominis was also isolated from infected operation wounds.
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PMID:Septicemia due to Mycoplasma hominis. 684 81

A newborn infant with group B streptococcal sepsis responded to the intravenous administration of antibiotics within 3 days, but then began to show signs of central nervous system infection. Routine cultures of cerebrospinal fluid samples were negative, but others done for Mycoplasma hominis yielded that organism. After 3 more days of antibiotic therapy, cultures for M. hominis were negative, and the child's recovery was uneventful.
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PMID:Mycoplasma hominis infection of the central nervous system in a neonate. 687 3

This comprehensive review on puerperal infections covers risk factors, causative bacteria, pathophysiology, diagnosis, therapy of specific entities, and prevention. Puerperal infection is problematic to define especially with antibiotics that change the course of fever. I may present as endometritis (most common), myometritis, parametritis, pelvic abscess, salpingitis, septic pelvic thrombophlebitis or septicemia, and also includes infections of the urinary tract, episiotomy, surgical wounds, lacerations or breast. Each of these is discussed in terms of contributing factors, microbiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and complications. Risk factors in general are cesarean section, premature rupture of the membranes, internal fetal monitoring, general anesthesia, pelvic examinations. The most common bacterial involved are group B and other streptococci, E. coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Gram positive anaerobic cocci, Mycoplasma and pre-existing Chlamydial infections. Diagnosis of the causative organism is difficult because of polyinfection and difficulty of getting a sterile endometrial swab. Diagnosis of the infection is equally difficult because of the wide variety of symptoms: fever, abnormal lochia, tachycardia, tenderness, mass and abnormal bowel sounds are common. Therapy depends of the responsible microorganism, although 3 empirical tactics are suggested while awaiting results of culture: 1) choose an antibiotic for the most common aerobic bacteria; 2) an antibiotic effective against B. fragilis and one for aerobic bacteria, e.g. clindamycin and an aminoglycoside; 3) a nontoxic antibiotic active against most aerobic and anaerobic organisms, e.g. doxycycline or cefoxitin. An example of an infection recently described is pudendal-paracervical block infection, often signaled by severe hip pain. It is associated with vaginal bacteria, is usually complicated by abscess even with antibiotic coverage, and may end in paraplegia or fatal sepsis. Prevention strategies are straightforward: handwashing, changing scrub clothes, isolation of infected patients, restriction of staff contact and prophylactic antibiotics for cesarean section patients at high risk, starting when the cord is clamped.
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PMID:Puerperal infections. 700 91

Goats, sheep and calves were inoculated intravenously with strain Y3343 of the large colony type of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides isolated from a goat with polyarthritis. The goats and sheep died of septicemia (one was killed in extremis) within eight days. The goats had leukopenia and granulocytopenia. Coagulopathy was indicated in some goats; the fibrinogen titer, prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times increased with the progress of disease and the number of platelets decreased dramatically in one goat. Goats and sheep had cellulitis at the site of inoculation, pleural hemorrhages, pneumonia, myocarditis, renal infarcts, glomerulitis, adrenal cortical necrosis, enteritis, focal splenic necrosis, polyarthritis and lymphadenitis. Vasculitis and thrombi were seen occasionally, suggesting that vascular changes, perhaps together with coagulopathy, had a role in pathogenesis. One of two experimental calves developed a slight fever, arthritis and minor inflammation of adrenal tissue. Calves seen less susceptible to the mycoplasma organism given intravenously than do goats or sheep.
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PMID:Experimental infection of goats, sheep and calves with the large colony type of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. 700 31

Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides (large-colony type) was isolated from the lungs of a goat with pneumonia. Clinical signs included inappetence, weakness, listlessness, coughing, dyspnea, pyrexia, slight nasal discharge, and lameness. Tylosin (4 mg/kg of body weight) was administered each day for 4 days, resulting in slow recovery. Three weeks later, the clinical signs recurred and the kid was anemic. It was given a single blood transfusion and tylosin was administered daily. The kid's health status was steadily declined and it died after 6 days' treatment. At necropsy, the lungs were edematous and congested. Histopathologic findings were those of septicemia and pneumonia.
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PMID:Pneumonia in goats caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. 700 31

Human term labor is thought to be initiated by amniotic and chorionic phospholipase A2, an enzyme that liberates arachidonic acid esters from the phospholipids of these membranes, leading to the synthesis of prostaglandins by the placental membranes. The striking association of premature labor with intrauterine infection or contamination, urinary tract infection, and early neonatal sepsis led us to study the microorganisms present in these infections for phospholipase A2 activity. Activity was found in Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus fecalis, Streptococcus A and B, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pneumococcus, Lactobacillus, and Mycoplasma hominis. Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium, and S viridans had the highest activities. The specific activities of phospholipase A2 from these organisms were several times higher than that of the membrane phospholipase A2 of the amnion and chorion. We postulate that premature labor may be initiated by microorganisms with phospholipase A2 activity from endocervical and/or intrauterine contamination or infection, producing deacylation of arachidonic acid from amniotic phospholipids with increased concentrations of free arachidonic acid and increased prostaglandin synthesis, which triggers labor.
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PMID:Premature labor. II. Bacterial sources of phospholipase. 701 16

Strain Y3343 isolated from a goat with septicemia and polyarthritis was studied. The strain was virulent and induced septicemia, polyarthritis and coagulopathy in two goats. Limulus amebocyte lysate active material was present in plasma, but not in higher titre in inoculated goats. Sonicated mycoplasma material induced a dramatic somatic cell response in the mammary gland of cows and goats and marked clotting of the cows' milk, but it did not clot limulus amebocyte lysate or kill chick embryos. Phenol-water extract clotted limulus amebocyte lysate and induced somatic cell response in cows but not in goats. The phenol-water extract did not kill chick embryos, was not pyrogenic in rabbits or goats, and did not induce generalized Shwartzman reaction or change the leukocyte kinetics in rabbits. It therfore appears that the virulence mechanisms of strain Y3343 can not be explained on the basis of factors with strong endotoxin activity.
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PMID:Biological effects of sonicated suspension and phenol-water extract of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides in goats. 704 90

We report a case of Mycoplasma hominis septicemia in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and prostatic obstruction. Signs of sepsis followed urinary catheterization, and M. hominis was recovered repeatedly from blood, urine, and pleural fluid. Detection in blood was accomplished by routine subculture from grossly negative blood culture bottles.
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PMID:Mycoplasma hominis septicemia. 713 Mar 69


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