Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reported a 71-year-old male who showed subacute progression in cognitive decline and gait disturbance. Cystic lesions in the basal ganglia and a high signal in the right cerebellar hemisphere were detected respectively on MRI fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image and diffusion weighted image (DWI) taken at 7 days after admission to our hospital. Dilatation of the Virchow-Robin space and fresh cerebellar infarction were suspected. Since an examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) did not reveal any significant features, diagnosis of this patient proved very difficult. His cellular immunodeficiency was detected by bone marrow aspiration, so he was diagnosed as suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Six months after onset, the patient died from sepsis and respiratory failure. Pathological findings revealed multiple cryptococcus in the cystic lesions of the basal ganglia and cerebellum. There was little infiltration of inflammatory cells while pathological findings did not demonstrate any AIDS encephalopathy or vascular disorders. We speculated that subacute progression in cognitive decline and gait disturbance had been caused by cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in patients with AIDS is often accompanied by normal CSF as a result of cellular immunodeficiency, therefore diagnosis needs to be very careful. Particular attention needs to be paid to the existence of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis when patients show subacute progression in cognitive decline and cystic lesions in the basal ganglia present themselves on MRI.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis with AIDS: correspondence between MRI and pathological findings of basal ganglia and cerebellum]. 1758 94

A mortality event primarily affecting freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens was noted during April and May 2005 in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario, Canada. A conservative estimate of the number of dead drum was approximately 100 metric tonnes. Large numbers of dead round goby Neogobius melanostomus were also seen, as well as a few muskellunge Esox masquinongy. In the drum, there was a consistent histological pattern of variably severe panvasculitis, a necrotising myocarditis, meningoencephalitis and a segmental enteritis. Moderate numbers of bullet-shaped viral particles consistent with a rhabdovirus were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in affected heart tissue. Following primary isolation from pooled tissues on fathead minnow (FHM) cells, a morphologically similar virus, approximately 165 x 60 nm in size, was visualised. Identification of the isolate as viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was confirmed by enzyme immunoassay and by polymerase chain reaction. An appropriately sized product (468 bp) of the G-glycoprotein gene (nucleotides [nt] 340 to 807) was generated with RNA extracted from FHM cell supernatant. Analysis of a 360 nt partial glycoprotein gene sequence (nt 360 to 720) indicated a 96.4 to 97.2% nucleotide identity with known strains of North American (NA) VHSV. Analysis using Neighbour-joining distance methods assigned the isolate to the same lineage as the NA and Japanese isolates (Genogroup IV). However, there was sufficient sequence divergence from known NA VHSV isolates to suggest that this isolate may represent a distinct subgroup. The effects of ongoing mortality in freshwater drum and in multiple species during spring 2006 suggest that this newly recognised virus in the Great Lakes will have continued impact in the near future.
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PMID:Mortality event in freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens from Lake Ontario, Canada, associated with viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus, type IV. 1776 Mar 83

In this report, the authors present a detailed immunological and virological assessment of an immunocompetent 17-year-old Caucasian male with a fatal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infectious mononucleosis presenting with meningoencephalitis and hemophagocytic syndrome. The patient with serologically confirmed EBV infectious mononucleosis was admitted to the hospital because of 3 weeks' fever. Fine-needle aspiration of lymph nodes showed reactive hyperplasia with prominent hemophagocytosis. Percentages of intracellular interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the peripheral blood progressively increased during the course of disease (10.2% and 8.5% on day 35; 30.1% and 53.2% on day 44; 42.2% and 75.2% on day 50; 36.1% and 50.6% on day 59, respectively). On day 50, the patient developed meningoencephalitis. Brain computed tomography (CT) was normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multifocal inflammatory lesions in frontal and temporal cortex of the right hemisphere as well as severe perivascular inflammatory reaction. The patient was treated with steroids, cyclosporin A, and methotrexate intratecally. Following treatment, EBV viremia in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) decreased from pretreatment values (54,490 copies of EBV DNA/ml and 39,500 copies/ml, respectively) to 8715 copies/ml in the blood and 14,690 in the CSF. Despite treatment, the patient remained unconscious and died of sepsis and pneumonia 3 months after initial symptoms. Immunohistochemical staining showed the presence of EBV in both perivascular infiltrates and grey matter. Enhanced Th1 response as shown by high levels of IFN-gamma in peripheral blood lymphocytes may be a predictor of severe complications during acute EBV infection. Early implementation of immunosuppressive therapy in these patients should be considered.
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PMID:Virological and immunological characteristics of fatal Epstein-Barr virus mononucleosis in a 17-year-old Caucasian male presenting with meningoencephalitis and hemophagocytic syndrome. 1784 23

Rhodotorula species have been reported as a causative agent of opportunistic mycoses in immunocompromised hosts. We report a case of sepsis and meningoencephalitis caused by Rhodotorula glutinis in a 20-year-old female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which was diagnosed at autopsy. The patient presented with longstanding fever. She was diagnosed with SLE after admission to the hospital and died on day 5 of the hospital stay. Autopsy was performed to confirm the presence of infection. Sepsis and meningoencephalitis due to Rhodotorula glutinis was confirmed by postmortem blood cultures and histopathological examination of biopsies taken from the brain at autopsy. Infection by Rhodotorula spp. is rare but can be fatal in immunocompromised hosts. Infections by such uncommon yeasts may often be difficult to diagnose, especially in the setting of febrile neutropenia. This report also emphasizes the value of autopsy as a powerful educational tool.
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PMID:Sepsis and meningoencephalitis due to Rhodotorula glutinis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, diagnosed at autopsy. 1792 63

A common feature of severe sepsis is vascular inflammation and damage to the endothelium. Because platelets can be directly activated by bacteria and endotoxin, these cells may play an important role in determining the outcome of sepsis. For example, inhibiting platelet interactions with the endothelium has been shown to attenuate endothelial cell damage and improve survival during sepsis. Although not entirely understood, the interactions between bacteria-activated platelets and the endothelium may play a key role in the vascular pathology of bacterial sepsis. Haemophilus somnus is a bacterial pathogen that causes diffuse vascular inflammation and endothelial damage. In some cases H. somnus infection results in an acute and fatal form of vasculitis in the cerebral microvasculature known as thrombotic meningoencephalitis (TME). In this study, we have characterized the mechanisms involved in endothelial cell apoptosis induced by activated platelets. We observed that direct contact between H. somnus-activated platelets and endothelial cells induced significant levels of apoptosis; however, Fas receptor activation on bovine endothelial cells was not able to induce apoptosis unless protein synthesis was disrupted. Endothelial cell apoptosis by H. somnus-activated platelets required activation of both caspase-8 and caspase-9, as inhibitors of either caspase inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, activated platelets induced endothelial cell production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disrupting ROS activity in endothelial cells significantly inhibited apoptosis. These findings suggest that bacterial activation of platelets may contribute to endothelial cell dysfunction observed during sepsis, specifically by inducing endothelial cell apoptosis.
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PMID:Endothelial cell apoptosis induced by bacteria-activated platelets requires caspase-8 and -9 and generation of reactive oxygen species. 1827 69

The main and immediate causes of death, pathogenetic mechanisms of postoperative cerebral inflammatory-purulent complications (CIPC) in patients, suffering the brain tumour, were analyzed. The main pathogenetic patterns of the postoperative period course in the CIPC occurrence were studied, basing on the data of analysis of 30 patients, who died after the operation. There was proved, that the sepsis occurrence on the background of postoperative meningoencephalitis means the lethal ending of the disease. There was established, that in occurrence of septic complications, connected with postoperative meningoencephalitis, the most frequently the affection of respiratory and urinary systems occurs.
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PMID:[Pathogenesis of the lethal postoperative cerebral inflammatory-purulent complications in neurooncological patients]. 1840 39

Sixteen patients with ballism not related to vascular disease are reported. Ballism was caused by subthalamic metastases and cerebral tumours in four patients, lesions after functional stereotaxy in three, presumed neurodegenerative disease in two, and by an ipsilateral intraventricular cyst after resection of a meningioma, cerebral toxoplasmosis with AIDS, severe head trauma and sepsis, late recurrence of rheumatic fever, meningoencephalitis, perinatal hypoxia, and conversion syndrome in one, respectively. Two patients had bilateral ballism, 11 had hemiballism, and three had monoballism. Involvement of the contralateral subthalamic nucleus was found in 10/13 patients with symptomatic unilateral ballism. One patient with presumed neurodegenerative disease had bilateral alterations of caudate and putamen on MR. The effect of different treatment strategies was evaluated. Treatment was directed to the underlying disease and/ or to the movement disorder. Response to pharmacotherapy was poor except in one patient. Five patients underwent various neurosurgical interventions. Functional stereotactic operations were performed in eight patients. Lesions were placed in the contralateral ventrolateral thalamus and the zona incerta, the internal pallidum, and in the zona incerta and the pulvinar thalami. Four out of eight patients had complete sustained relief of hemiballism after the operation. No patient was lost to follow-up, which ranged from 3 months to 27 years. After various therapeutic strategies ballism was no longer present in 10 patients and had improved in three, while another three patients did not benefit from therapy. Review of the literature illustrates the shift of aetiologic factors over decades underlying this rare symptom. A multidisciplinary approach should be considered in these patients to alleviate the severe and disabling movement disorder.
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PMID:Ballism not related to vascular disease: A report of 16 patients and review of the literature. 1859 Oct 15

Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium widely spread in the environment. Its persistence in industrial environment leads to food product contamination from the raw materials and constitutes a recurrent problem in food processing industry despite the use of cold chain procedures. L. monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen causing severe and life-threatening infections that evolve mainly under sporadic mode, even if epidemics sometimes occur. Listeriosis causes mainly septicemia, central nervous system infections (meningitis and meningoencephalitis) and abortions. Listeriosis occurs primarily at risk groups of population like elderly people, pregnant women, neonates and patients with underlying diseases or impaired cellular immunity. In France, the epidemiological surveillance of listeriosis is based on two complementary approaches: the mandatory notification and the microbiological characterization by the National Reference Centre for Listeria of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from patients. The joined efforts of government and food producers have led to decrease significantly the incidence of listeriosis in France since 20 years and the number of epidemics. However, the recent observation of increasing number of listeriosis cases in most of the industrialised countries calls up to the attentiveness to reconsider the current rules and to reinforce the epidemiological surveillance of listeriosis in a context where susceptible people including the elderly are in increasing number.
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PMID:[Listeria and listeriosis: from farm to fork]. 1882 83

Streptococcus agalactiae is an emerging pathogen in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) worldwide. To investigate aspects of the epidemiology, transmission and virulence of S. agalactiae infections, nine outbreaks of meningoencephalitis and septicemia in Nile tilapia farms in Brazil were analyzed. Records from the outbreaks revealed large variation in the weight of fish affected, high mortality, and disease occurrence at water temperatures above 26 degrees C. S. agalactiae was isolated from diseased fish from all farms, and 29 strains were identified by phenotypic tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Five strains from different geographic origins were selected to determine the 50% lethal dose (LD(50)). All strains were highly virulent; for example, strain SA 20-06 had an LD(50) of 90 bacteria. To investigate S. agalactiae transmission, we conducted cohabitation assays with diseased and healthy fish and fish challenges using an immersion bath or gill inoculation. Strain SA 20-06 was used in all assays. The disease was reproduced with characteristic clinical signs and S. agalactiae was reisolated in all trials. The infection route studies were identified as by direct contact or through the water. In conclusion, S. agalactiae, a major pathogen of Nile tilapia in Brazil, exhibited high virulence, regardless of the geographic origin of the isolated strains.
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PMID:Aspects of the natural history and virulence of S. agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia. 1904 97

Streptococcus suis type 2 (S. suis 2) is known as a major porcine pathogen worldwide and causes meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, arthritis, and septic shock in pigs. Suilysin, a secreted protein of S. suis 2, is considered to be an important S. suis 2 virulence-associated factor. In this paper, the cerebellar lesions following experimental infection of pigs with S. suis 2 were studied. An immunohistochemical technique was applied to compare the distribution of bacteria and secreted suilysin protein in brain. The infected pigs developed histologic lesions of meningoencephalitis. Immunohistochemistry identified bacteria within the cytoplasm of neutrophils and macrophages localized in meningeal lesions. The secreted suilysin protein showed a similar localization within the cytoplasm of inflammatory cells, indicating that suilysin had high expression in vivo and may contribute to the pathogenesis of streptococcal meningoencephalitis.
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PMID:Pathologic analysis of the brain from Streptococcus suis type 2 experimentally infected pigs. 1917 90


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