Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence, aetiology and clinical significance of visceral mycoses in HIV-infected subjects were evaluated by a retrospective survey of the clinical and microbiological records of 237 consecutive AIDS patients followed-up since 1984. Seventy-four patients out of 237 (31.2%) (56 males, 18 females; 55 IV drug abusers, 7 heterosexuals, 6 homobisexuals, 3 blood recipients and 3 children with congenitally-acquired HIV infection) presented 77 different episodes of visceral fungal infection as a whole, represented by candidiasis in 56 cases (oesophageal 45, pulmonary 5, sepsis 2, eye involvement 2, endocarditis and invasive oropharyngeal infection in the remaining 2 patients), cryptococcosis in 17 cases (meningoencephalitis in all subjects, with disseminated infection in 11 of them), and aspergillosis in 4 cases (pulmonary 2, cerebral and cranio-facial in the remaining 2 patients). In 57 out of 74 patients (77%), visceral mycoses were diagnostic or concurrent with the diagnosis of AIDS. Fungal diseases, as a whole, showed a significantly higher incidence (p < 0.03) among drug abusers, whereas homobisexual men presented a significantly lower frequency (p < 0.001, chi-square test) than AIDS patients with other risk factors for HIV infection. The onset of cryptococcosis was significantly associated with the male sex (p < 0.005, Fisher exact test). All subjects suffering from a visceral mycosis were severely immunosuppressed, with a higher rate of neutropenia in patients developing Candida and Aspergillus spp. infection (23 out of 56 patients with visceral candidiasis and 3 out of 4 cases of aspergillosis had an absolute neutrophil count lower than 1500 cells/mm3), while a severe reduction in CD4+ lymphocyte count was more evident among patients with cryptococcosis (13 out of 17 patients had a CD4+ cell count lower than 50/mm3). After remission of the primary episode of fungal infection (obtained in 80.5% of cases), the incidence of relapse observed in a long follow-up period (mean time 57.6 +/- 39.2 weeks) was elevated both for patients with cryptococcosis (7 cases out of 17) and subjects with candidiasis (19 cases out of 53), with no significant difference among patients receiving a secondary prophylaxis or not (22 relapses observed in 53 patients treated with maintenance antifungals versus 4 episodes in 8 patients followed for a comparable mean time with no antimycotic treatment). Fifty-two out of 74 patients (70.3%) have died up to now; in 21 of them death was due to or associated with the visceral mycosis (cryptococcosis in 11 cases, candidiasis in 8, aspergillosis in 2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[The incidence, etiology and clinical significance of visceral mycoses in patients with AIDS]. 841 30

We report two cases of sepsis and meningoencephalitis with listeriosis. They died in despite of administering sensitive antibiotics. A 2 day old girl was admitted to our hospital because of fever and cyanosis. Listeria monocytogenes type 4b was cultured from blood, CSF, throat, urine, ear. She was treated with twice exchange transfusion and sensitive antibiotics (ABPC, TOB), but died from DIC. A 48 year old man suddenly experienced an unconscious condition. A CSF culture grew L. monocytogenes type 1/2a. He was treated with sensitive antibiotics (ABPC, CEZ etc), but went bad conditions. Listeria infection of this cases developed as unfortunate infection.
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PMID:[Two cases of Listeria monocytogenes infection in Osaka Municipal Hospital]. 874 12

Data were analyzed on 290 children admitted consecutively to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research in Chandigarh, India, in 1993 to examine the frequency, severity, risk factors, and mortality of hypokalemia (3.5 mEq/l serum potassium) and the efficacy of treatment. 43 (14.8%) children had 54 episodes of hypokalemia. Most (68.6%) episodes were moderate. Predisposing factors were the nature of primary disease (renal disease 19%, septicemia 19%, acute diarrhea 14%, and heart disease with congestive failure and meningoencephalitis 12% each), malnutrition (weight for age 80% in 72%), and treatment with drugs (diuretics 20%, beta-agonists 13%, and corticosteroids 11%). Diagnoses most common in hypokalemia cases were acute renal failure (25%), septicemia (22.8%), and acute severe bronchial asthma (20%). The most important predisposing factor for hypokalemia prior to hospitalization was poor oral intake (i.e., inability to replace adequate potassium) (27%). All 43 children received 4-6 mEq potassium/100 ml of intravenous fluids. Clinicians administered an infusion of 0.3 mEq potassium/kg/hour to 7 children (9 episodes) who had ECG changes of hypokalemia until the ECG became normal. Potassium levels returned to normal in all 9 episodes requiring rapid correction and in 40 of 45 episodes requiring slow correction. PICU patients with hypokalemia were more likely to die than PICU patients with no hypokalemia (25.6% vs. 10.9%; p 0.05; odds ratio = 2.34). Hypokalemia patients who received slow correction therapy were more likely to die than those who received rapid correction therapy (31% vs 0; p 0.05). Mortality was lower in PICU patients whose hypokalemia was corrected than in PICU patients whose hypokalemia was not corrected (13.5% vs. 100%; p 0.05). Based on these findings, regular monitoring and rapid correction are recommended to improve the outcome of hypokalemia.
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PMID:Hypokalemia in a pediatric intensive care unit. 877 44

Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) recording was used to screen presymptomatically the hearing of 200 neonates treated with ampicillin (100 mg/kg daily) and gentamicin sulfate (5 mg/kg daily). The study included 130 male and 70 female neonates; post-conceptional age ranged from 34 to 57 weeks (mean 42.36 weeks). We divided neonates into 2 groups according to duration of antibiotic treatment; group 1 consisted of 179 patients who were treated with antibiotic agents for < or = 7 days. Although 15 (8.4%) in this group initially manifested abnormal BAEP recordings, only 8 of these brain-damaged neonates (4.5%) (6 with peripheral and 2 with central dysfunction) later manifested abnormal recordings. Group 2 consisted of 21 neonates who were treated for 10 to 30 days; BAEP recordings were abnormal in 7 patients (33.3%) (4 with peripheral and 3 with central dysfunction). We conclude that BAEP is indicated only for neonates treated with gentamicin sulfate for > 10 days. In this group, infants so treated usually have underlying disease or severe infection, including birth asphyxia, hypoxia, sepsis, and meningoencephalitis, all of which are clinically significant indicators of high risk for auditory pathway dysfunction.
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PMID:Recording of brainstem evoked potentials and their association with gentamicin in neonates. 880 69

Outbreaks of neonatal multifocal encephalomalacia with sepsis have been reported among flocks of very young chicks in Belgium, Scotland, and the United States. The purposes of the present study were to describe intralesional bacterial cocci in chicks with this type of encephalomalacia and to determine its incidence during 1991-95, and to determine the importance of this lesion with respect to the frequency of all other brain lesions/ diseases during the same time period. All laboratory records of broiler chickens examined at the Georgia Poultry Laboratory from Jan. 1, 1991, through Dec. 31, 1995, where the histopathologic diagnoses included the letter string *encephal* were retrieved for further study. The leading etiology for brain disease was nutritional encephalomalacia (57%), followed by neonatal encephalomalacia (22%), septic meningoencephalitis (16%), and Marek's disease (14%), in turn followed by nonpurulent encephalitis (7%), avian encephalomyelitis (3%), and mycotic meningoencephalitis (3%). Diagnosis of neonatal multifocal encephalomalacia with sepsis in the brains of Georgia chicks is a perennial one. Microscopically, the condition is characterized by mild to maximal multifocal locally extensive fibrin thrombosis of blood capillaries, and necrosis (encephalomalacia, malacia) of surrounding zones of brain stem and/or cerebral hemisphere neuropile. In 44% of cases of neonatal encephalomalacia fibrin thrombosis of blood capillaries was accompanied by intralesional gram-positive coccoid bacteria that were most abundant in medium- and small-sized arterioles or venules. Only gram-positive coccoid bacteria are found in cases of neonatal encephalomalacia (P < 0.05), and only gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria are found in cases of septic meningoencephalitis (P < 0.05). Therefore, bacterial culture and routine light microscopic histopathology are sufficient for diagnosing the condition when the differential diagnosis for neurologic disease in chicks includes neonatal encephalomalacia.
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PMID:Neonatal multifocal encephalomalacia and other lesions in the brains of Georgia chicks: 1991-95. 898 Aug 22

The adhesion of listeriae to host cells employs mechanisms which are complex and not well understood. Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen responsible for meningoencephalitis, septicemia, and abortion in susceptible and immunocompromised individuals. Subsequent to colonization and penetration of the gut epithelium, the organism attaches to resident macrophages and replicates intracellularly, thus evading the humoral immune system of the infected host. The focus of these studies was to investigate the attachment of the organism to murine peritoneal macrophages in an opsonin-dependent and opsonin-independent fashion. Assessment of competitive binding experiments by immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that adhesion of the organism to macrophages in the presence or absence of opsonins was inhibited (90%) by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NAcNeu). In addition, the lectin from Maackia amurensis, with affinity for NAcNeu-alpha(2,3)galactose, blocked binding of L. monocytogenes to host cells. Oxidation of the surface carbohydrates on the organism by using sodium metaperiodate resulted in a dose-dependent reduction (up to 98%) in adherence to macrophages. Monoclonal antibody to complement receptor 3 did not prevent listeriae from binding to mouse macrophages or from replicating within the infected cells whether or not normal mouse serum was present. Based on our results, we propose the involvement of NAcNeu, a member of the sialic acid group, in the attachment of L. monocytogenes to permissive murine macrophages.
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PMID:The role of sialic acid in opsonin-dependent and opsonin-independent adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes to murine peritoneal macrophages. 945 18

We report on a 32-year old HIV-infected male patient who was admitted to the hospital in a comatose state. A cryptococcus neoformans septicemia with meningoencephalitis was diagnosed. Intravenous treatment with amphotericin B was initiated and replaced three weeks later by fluconazole per os. With this therapy the patient recovered quite well. However, following two grand mal epileptic seizures he suddenly fell into a deep coma 22 days after admission to the hospital. The cause of the encephalopathy remained unclear, and the patient died 2 days later. Autopsy revealed a severe meningoencephalitis and a pneumonia due to cryptococcus neoformans. Departing from this case we discuss diagnosis, clinical presentation and treatment of cryptococcus meningoencephalitis.
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PMID:Cryptococcosis, epileptic seizures and encephalopathy in a HIV-infected patient. 948 May 18

Pacific herring Clupea pallasi populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, declined from an estimated 9.8 x 10(7) kg in 1992 to 1.5 x 10(7) kg in 1994. To determine the role of disease in population decline, 233 Pacific herring from Prince William Sound were subjected to complete necropsy during April 1994. The North American strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was isolated from 11 of 233 fish (4.7%). VHSV was significantly related to myocardial mineralization, hepatocellular necrosis, submucosal gastritis, and meningoencephalitis. Ichthyophonus hoferi infected 62 of 212 (29%) fish. I. hoferi infections were associated with severe, disseminated, granulomatous inflammation and with increased levels of plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). I. hoferi prevalence in 1994 was more than double that of most previous years (1989 to 1993). Plasma chemistry values significantly greater (p < 0.01) in males than females included albumin, total protein, cholesterol, chloride, glucose, and potassium; only alkaline phosphatase was significantly greater in females. Hypoalbuminemia was relatively common in postspawning females; other risk factors included VHSV and moderate or severe focal skin reddening. Pacific herring had more than 10 species of parasites, but they were not associated with significant lesions. Two of the parasites have not previously been described: a renal intraductal myxosporean (11% prevalence) and an intestinal coccidian (91% prevalence). Transmission electron microscopy of a solitary mesenteric lesion revealed viral particles consistent with lymphocystis virus. No fish had viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN). Prevalence of external gross lesions and major parasites was not related to fish age, and fish that were year-lings at the time of the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill (1988 year class) had no evidence of increased disease prevalence.
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PMID:Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, Ichthyophonus hoferi, and other causes of morbidity in Pacific herring Clupea pallasi spawning in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. 967 59

Streptococcus iniae is a cause of septicemia, meningoencephalitis, and death in farmed fish and of cellulitis in human beings. A set of nested oligonucleotide PCR primers that specifically amplified a 373-bp subunit from a variety of clinical isolates from farmed fish and human patients were constructed from a 524-bp consensus sequence of the S. iniae 16S-23S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer.
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PMID:Development of specific nested oligonucleotide PCR primers for the Streptococcus iniae 16S-23S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer. 970 38

A case of acute ischaemic stroke in a woman aged 49 years during sepsis and purulent, bacterial meningoencephalitis was described. Diagnosis was based on clinical examination and repeatedly CT scans. Attention is called to diagnostic difficulties in this complication of central nervous system bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Ischemic stroke during sepsis and bacterial meningoencephalitis: a case report]. 1040 69


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