Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During 8 months from October 1986 to May 1987, the clinical efficacy of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) was evaluated in 63 pediatric inpatients with various infections. Clinical efficacies were evaluable in 58 patients among them (consisting of 2 patients with sepsis, 3 with tonsillitis, 12 with bronchitis, 6 with bronchopneumonia, 24 with pneumonia, 1 with phlegmon, 2 with lymphadenitis, 1 with impetigo and 7 with urinary tract infection) and were excellent in 40 patients and good in 17 with an overall efficacy rate of 98.3%. Bacteriological efficacies were assessed in 25 patients and 27 strains of organisms (consisting of 3 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 2 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1 Streptococcus pyogenes, 2 beta-Streptococcus, 1 Gram-positive cocci, 5 Escherichia coli, 1 Enterobacter aerogenes, 7 Haemophilus influenzae, 2 Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 1 Branhamella catarrhalis, 1 Proteus mirabilis and 1 Salmonella subgenus I). Bacteriological eradication rates were 88.9% for Gram-positive organisms, 66.7% for Gram-negative organisms and 74.1% overall. No superinfection was observed in any of patients treated. Side effects and clinical laboratory parameter abnormalities observed consisted of diarrhea in 7 (11.1%) of the 63 patients, eosinophilia in 2 (3.3%) of 61 tested, thrombocytosis in 3 (5.5%) of 55, elevation of direct bilirubin in 1 (3.3%) of 30, elevation of total bilirubin in 1 (3.1%) of 32, elevation of GOT in 4 (6.8%) of 59 and elevation of GPT in 1 (1.7%) of 59 patients tested. As an effect on the hemostatic mechanism of this drug, PIVKA II was detected in 1 patient (4.2%) of 24 tested, but findings of other coagulation tests were normal and none of patients showed bleeding tendency or inhibition of platelet aggregation. From the above results, it appears that SBT/ABPC is an efficacious and safe drug in the treatment of bacterial infections of pediatric patients.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on sulbactam/ampicillin in the field of pediatrics]. 266 49

The new antibiotic, sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) was administered to 25 children. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. In 5 cases of children administered with SBT/ABPC (30 mg/kg) by intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes, the mean values of T 1/2 (beta) were 0.94 hour (SBT) and 0.86 hour (ABPC) and the mean 6.5 hour urinary excretion rates were 64.2% and 42.9%, respectively. 2. The antibiotic was administered to a total of 25 patients with bronchopneumonia, pneumonia, bronchitis, cervical lymphadenitis, tonsillitis, streptococcal infection, urinary tract infection, felon, periappendicular abscess, sepsis or purulent meningitis. Response to the treatment were excellent in 17 cases, good in 7, fair in 1, and poor in none. The efficacy rate was 96%. From our results, this drug appears to be particularly effective against bronchopneumonia, bronchitis and urinary tract infection. 3. Eruption occurred in 1 of 25 patients and elevation of eosinophil, GOT/GPT, platelet in 3 and descent of WBC in 1 were observed, but these were transient. These results showed that SBT/ABPC is a drug which can be safely used in the pediatric field as well as for adults.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sulbactam/ampicillin in the pediatric field]. 274 48

Cefodizime (THR-221, CDZM), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 27 children with various bacterial infections. The episodes of infections included pneumonia (6 cases), bronchopneumonia (11 cases), lung abscess (1 case), acute pharyngitis (2 cases), cervical lymphadenitis (1 case), infected cephalohematoma (1 case), urinary tract infection (1 case), sepsis (2 cases) and purulent meningitis (2 cases). CDZM was effective in all but one, and its efficacy rate was 96.3%. The main etiologic pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii and Branhamella catarrhalis. The elimination rate was 92.3%. As adverse reactions or abnormalities, diarrhea was encountered in 4 cases. A slight elevation of serum transaminases or eosinophils was observed in 4 cases. The serum half-life was approximately 1.8-1.9 hours in children after intravenous bolus injections. Concentrations of CDZM in cerebrospinal fluids were well above MIC values of CDZM against those organisms responsible for the infections. The data suggest that CDZM is a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with bacterial infections including purulent meningitis.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic study on cefodizime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, in the pediatric infections]. 279 54

Virulent strains of Yersinia enterocolitica cause disease syndromes ranging from mild gastroenteritis to lymphadenitis and septicemia. The ability of these bacteria to invade intestinal epithelial cells to gain access to the reticuloendothelial system is thought to be an important aspect of their virulence. We report here on the cloning of two Y. enterocolitica chromosomal loci, inv and ail, each of which confers an invasive phenotype on Escherichia coli HB101. The inv locus allows a uniformly high level of invasion in several tissue culture lines and is homologous to the inv gene of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. The second locus, ail, shows more host specificity than inv in that it allows invasion to a variable degree of some cell lines (e.g., HEp-2, HEC1B, and CHO cells) but allows no invasion of others (e.g., Madin-Darby canine kidney cells).
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PMID:Evidence for two genetic loci in Yersinia enterocolitica that can promote invasion of epithelial cells. 283 44

The clinical manifestations of patients with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GAS) bacteremia presenting to an urban children's hospital were reviewed. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from blood cultures from 17 children over a three-year period. Systemic illnesses that may have predisposed these children to GAS bacteremia were identified in seven patients: preceding varicella infection (four patients) or malignant neoplasm/immunosuppressive therapy (three patients). Possible sources of GAS included compromised integument (seven patients), the oropharynx (six patients), or the lower respiratory tract (two patients). The clinical manifestations of GAS sepsis included the following: fever (15 patients); arthritis or arthralgias (four patients); cellulitis (three patients); maculopapular eruption (one patient); petechial or pustular exanthems (three patients); osteomyelitis (two patients); cervical adenitis (one patient); empyema (one patient); and meningitis with multiple brain abscesses (one patient). Two patients died of apparent overwhelming GAS sepsis while at home. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia can present with a wide range of clinical manifestations and cause mild to fulminant disease in children.
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PMID:Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci as a cause of bacteremia in children. 329 24

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new parenteral oxacephem antibiotic was investigated for its clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Twenty-eight patients were treated with 39-152 mg/kg per day of FMOX by intravenous administration. Diagnosis of patients were pneumonia in 15 patients, acute upper respiratory tract infection in 5, acute enterocolitis in 3, urinary tract infection in 2 and cholangitis, suppurative lymphadenitis and suspicious sepsis in 1 patient each. Clinical effect was excellent in 7 cases, good in 8, fair in 5, poor in 2 and 6 cases were excluded because therapy periods were too short and other antibiotics were used together. Efficacy rate was 68% and the rate of bacterial disappearance was 83%. 2. Rash was found in 5 cases and thrombocytosis was found in 1 out of 28 cases. However, no severe adverse reaction was encountered. 3. The peak serum level of FMOX was 51.0 micrograms/ml after 20 mg/kg of drip infusion for 30 minutes and the half-life was 17.2 minutes in alpha-phase and 58.2 minutes in beta-phase.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetics evaluation of flomoxef in pediatrics]. 343 Jul 19

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791), a newly developed combined antibiotic in a 1:1 ratio, were performed in the field of pediatrics. The MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered to 15 children. Ten and 20 mg/kg doses of MK-0787 were administered by a intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes to 3 children each. In the remaining 9 cases, MK-0787 doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg were administered to 3 children each by a 1 hour intravenous drip infusion. Levels of MK-0787 and MK-0791 in plasma, urine and urinary recovery rate of the drugs were also determined. In addition, MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered to a total of 29 children; 2 children with bronchitis, 16 with pneumonia, 4 with UTI, 2 with purulent lymphadenitis and 1 child each with tonsillitis, septicemia suspected disease, peritonitis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and osteomyelitis/bacteremia. The average single dose was 15.3 mg/kg of MK-0787 and administrations were performed by 20-60 minutes intravenous drip infusion 3-4 times daily for an average period of 6 days. The clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug were evaluated in these cases and adverse reactions and unusual laboratory findings were also studied in a total of 33 cases including 4 other drop-out cases. Results of these studies were summarized as follows. In 6 children, 3 each who were given doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg, the mean peak plasma concentrations of the drugs were found at the end of the 30 minutes-infusion with values of 35.20 and 74.90 micrograms/ml for MK-0787 and 44.85 and 93.32 micrograms/ml for MK-0791 after the dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. The peak plasma levels of MK-0791 were approximately 1.3 times higher than those of MK-0787 and higher peak levels were observed in the groups with larger doses of either drugs. In the 10 mg/kg group, the mean half-lives of MK-0787 and MK-0791 were 0.97 and 0.71 hour, respectively and those values were 0.89 and 0.63 hour, respectively in the 20 mg/kg group. In both group, MK-0787 tended to have longer half-lives than MK-0791. In 9 children, 3 each who were administered doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg by a 1 hour intravenous drip infusion had the highest plasma levels for both MK-0787 and MK-0791 at the end of the infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the pediatric field]. 346 84

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies were carried out regarding the use of cefotiam (CTM) in the treatment of infections in newborn infants. Absorption and excretion: CTM was administered by bolus intravenous injection at a dose of 20 mg/kg to 9 newborns ranging in age from 1 to 28 days (gestational age, 34-40 weeks; birth weight, 2,000-3,380 g) and 6 infants aged 30 to 87 days (gestational age, 33 approximately 40 weeks; birth weight, 2,100-3,600 g) and its serum concentration and urinary excretion were determined. In the newborns, mean serum concentrations were 43.3 micrograms/ml at 1/4 hour, 36.7 microgram/ml at 1/2 hour, 27.8 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 17.7 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 8.8 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 4.8 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, and in the infants, they were 44.5 micrograms/ml, 31.2 micrograms/ml, 19.1 micrograms/ml, 7.6 micrograms/ml, 2.2 micrograms/ml and 0.7 micrograms/ml at the above sampling times, respectively. Mean half-lives were 1.92 hours for the newborns and 0.96 hour for the infants, and mean urinary recoveries within 6 hours were 41.2% and 50.1% for the newborns and the infants, respectively. Taking individual differences into account, serum peak levels (at 1/4 hour) in newborns were very similar to each other irrespective of age (days after birth), and did not appear to be greatly different from those in infants. Half-lives, however, became shorter with aging, and the half-life of the serum CTM level in infants of about 1 month old should be close to those in young children or school-age children. From these observations, it is suggested to establish a standard regimen in which CTM is administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg once or twice a day to newborns within 3 days after birth, twice or 3 times a day to those aged 4 to 7 days, and 3 or 4 times a day to those aged 8 days or older. Clinical study: The CTM was administered to 11 patients with acute pneumonia, 2 patients each with suspected septicemia and with bullous impetigo, 1 patient with purulent lymphadenitis, 3 patients with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and 1 patient with pneumothorax, and its clinical effect was investigated. Excellent responses were observed in 12 of the 15 evaluated cases,good responses in 2, and a poor response in 1, thus an overall clinical effectiveness was 93.3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Study on the use of cefotiam in neonates]. 346 85

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a newly semisynthesized cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics and the following results were obtained. Antibacterial activities of CZON against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and H. influenzae were compared with those of cefmenoxime (CMX), latamoxef (LMOX), cefoperazone (CPZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefotiam (CTM) and cefazolin (CEZ). CZON was nearly as active as CEZ against S. aureus and S. epidermidis and superior to other antibiotics against other Gram-positive cocci. Against Gram-negative rods, CZON was as active as CMX and superior to other 5 antibiotics compared. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of CZON at doses of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg for 5 minutes in 1, 5 and 4 cases, respectively, were determined. Mean serum concentrations of CZON at these dose levels were 11.0, 43.8 and 111.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 2.4, 10.3 and 30.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 0.17, 0.72 and 1.28 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, with serum half-lives of 1.79, 0.88 and 1.19 hours, respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rates within 6 hours after administration were 47.9, 56.3 and 40.3%, respectively. Thirty-four pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (tonsillitis 2, acute bronchitis 1, pneumonia 14, pyothorax 1, sepsis 1, suppurative lymphadenitis 1, UTI 13 and enteritis 1) were treated with CZON at a daily dose of 40-94 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d.. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 94.1%. No adverse reactions were observed except 2 cases with mild diarrhea. Abnormal laboratory findings were also mild; slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 2, eosinophilia in 1 and thrombocytosis in 1. These results clearly indicate the usefulness of CZON in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam in the field of pediatrics]. 359 89

Cefmenoxime, an investigational semisynthetic cephalosporin, was evaluated in 18 pediatric patients with a variety of infections. There were seven patients with urinary tract infections, two with wound infections, two with osteomyelitis, two with abscess infections, one with cervical adenitis, one with hidradenitis, one with pneumonia and sepsis, one with periorbital cellulitis, and one with ventriculitis. A total of 16 (88%) patients had a satisfactory clinical response demonstrated by improvement in clinical signs and symptoms. A total of 12 (67%) patients demonstrated eradication of their infecting organisms. Of the pathogens isolated in these patients, 16 isolates were susceptible to cefmenoxime. One patient developed a generalized urticarial rash that resolved within 24 h after cessation of cefmenoxime therapy. Mean peak level in serum after intravenous infusion was 55 micrograms/ml.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy and safety of cefmenoxime in children. 386 30


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