Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cefamandole nafate was effective in the treatment of a variety of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes group A, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae in infants and children. The infections included periorbital cellulitis and ethmoiditis, bacteremia, cellulitis, pneumonia, and lymphadenitis. In vitro, cefamandole was effective in inhibiting the growth of H. influenzae isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis or sepsis. In two patients rash developed and cefamandole was discontinued. Other significant adverse effects were not noted.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory investigation of cefamandole therapy of infections in infants and children. 34 94

Neutrophil granulocyte function was determined in three patients with systemic staphylococcal infection, clinical manifestations of generalized allergic disease, and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Each of the patients had urticarial skin rashes before or at the time of development of staphylococcal suppurative lymphadenitis, pneumonia, or sepsis. Neutrophil chemotaxis, random migration, phagocytosis, and bactericidal capacity were assessed to determine if an abnormality in these functions might have contributed to the development of severe staphylococcal infections. Each of the three patients with generalized urticaria was found to have a marked defect in neutrophil chemotaxis. The mean chemotactic index of the patients was 12 +/- 4, whereas that of 20 controls was 72 +/- 11. Neutrophil random migration, phagocytosis, and bactericidal capacity were normal in each patient. The serum or plasma of the patients did not inhibit chemotaxis of control neutrophils and did not contain an increased concentration of the chemotactic-factor inactivator found in normal serum. Treatment of the neutrophils of these three patients with the competitive histamine H2 receptor blocking agent, burimamide, produced a significant increase in chemotactic responsiveness. These studies suggest the possibility of pharmacologic modification of neutrophil granulocyte function.
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PMID:Severe staphylococcal disease associated with allergic manifestations, hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, and defective neutrophil chemotaxis. 97 42

We studied the clinical efficacy of meropenem (SM-7338, MEPM), a new parenteral carbapenem beta-lactam antibiotic, in pediatric field. Thirteen patients with 2 months to 8 years and 8 months of ages, with acute infectious diseases were administered with doses at 39.3 to 76.7 mg/kg/day of MEPM intravenously. The diagnoses consisted of 7 respiratory tract infections, 1 sepsis, 2 orbital cellulitis, 1 parotid abscess, 1 lymphadenitis and 1 pyoderma. The clinical efficacy rate was 84.6% (11/13), and the bacteriological eradication rate was 71.4% (5/7). Clinical laboratory examinations revealed 1 patient with eosinophilia and another with anemia. No other side effects attributable to this drug were observed. It appears that MEPM is a useful antibiotic for moderate to severe acute bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of meropenem in the pediatric field]. 150 5

A clinical study on a new carbapenem antibiotic, meropenem (MEPM), was carried out in acute pediatric infections. MEPM was administered to 8 patients including 3 patients with acute pneumonia, 2 with cervical lymphadenitis, 1 with acute tonsillitis, and 1 with cellulitis and 1 with sepsis. The overall efficacy rate was 100%. As an adverse reaction, diarrhea was observed in 1 patient. In clinical laboratory tests 1 patient was found to have S-GPT elevation which normalized after discontinuation of MEPM. MEPM appears to be effective and safe drug for pediatric acute infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of meropenem in the pediatric field]. 152 73

We conducted a study on the pharmacokinetics and clinical application of cefpirome (CPR) in children. 1. A single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of CPR was given to a two-month-old boy, and the concentration of the drug in the blood was measured. Fifteen minutes after administration, the concentration was 53.3 micrograms/ml, and it gradually decreased thereafter, reaching a level of 5.18 micrograms/ml after 8 hours with a half-life in the plasma of 2.36 hours. 2. A single intravenous injection of 700 mg (50 mg/kg) of CPR and that of cefotaxime (CTX) were given to a girl with suppurative meningitis (3 years old, 14 kg, causative bacteria, Haemophilus influenzae), and concentrations of the drugs in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid after 1 hour were measured. On the second day of illness, the concentration of CTX in the plasma was 39.4 micrograms/ml and the concentration of desacetyl-CTX (D-CTX) was 25.2 micrograms/ml, while concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid were 6.22 micrograms/ml (15.8%) for CTX and 3.94 micrograms/ml (15.6%) for D-CTX. On the third day of illness, concentration of CPR in the plasma was 59.3 micrograms/ml, while its concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid was 7.44 micrograms/ml (12.5%). 3. CPR was intravenously administered in daily dosages of 37.7-75.0 mg/kg in 2-3 portions for periods of 4-15 days to 2 patients with septicemia (causative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1 case and Escherichia coli in the other), 1 patient with bronchitis (K. pneumoniae), 9 patients with pneumonia (1 case of Staphylococcus aureus, 3 cases of H. influenzae, 2 cases of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 1 case of K. pneumoniae + Pseudomonas cepacia, 2 cases of H. influenzae + Branhamella catarrhalis), 2 patients with cellulitis (1 case of S. aureus, 1 case, causative agent unknown), 1 patient with suppurative lymphadenitis (causative agent, unknown), 1 patient with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 1 patient with renal abscess (causative agent, unknown), and 1 patient with a urinary tract infection (E. coli), for a total of 18 patients, with excellent results in 9 cases and good results in 9 cases, hence an efficacy rate of 100% was obtained. 4. As an accompanying side-effect, eruption was observed in 1 of the 18 patients, but when administration was discontinued, the symptom gradually receded, and it disappeared by the 4th day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefpirome in pediatric field]. 182 75

Bacteriological and clinical studies on cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221), a new cephem developed by Hoechst AG and Roussel Uclaf, were carried out and the results are summarized below: 1. Against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, antibacterial activities of CDZM were similar to those of cefotaxime (CTX), cefazolin, cefotiam and piperacillin. Against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia sp., antibacterial activities of CDZM were similar to that of CTX, and superior to those of other tested antibiotics. Especially against Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis, it showed an excellent antibacterial activity. 2. Although the clinical efficacy was poor in 1 patient with sepsis caused by Salmonella marcescens and in another with cervical lymphadenitis, in 5 patients with upper respiratory tract infection, 4 patients with bronchitis, 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, 18 patients with pneumonia, 5 patients with urinary tract infection and 1 patient with enteritis, the clinical efficacy was excellent or good and the efficacy rate was 95.1% (39/41) including excellent efficacies in 25 cases. 3. Bacteriologically, all identified causative bacteria were eradicated except for 1 case of Salmonella sp., thus the eradication rate was 97.4% (38/39). Especially S. pneumoniae in 10 cases, H. influenzae in 12 cases and B. catarrhalis in 3 cases were eradicated totally. 4. Adverse reactions were studied in 46 cases, and digestive symptoms were observed in 9 cases (diarrhea 5 cases, loose stools 4 cases). Eruption and vascular pain were observed in 1 case each. As digestive symptoms in 9 cases were mild, the treatment were not suspended. In laboratory test values, elevation of GOT, elevation of GPT, elevation of bilirubin, and eosinophilia were observed in 1 case each. Influences on blood coagulation parameters were studied. No change was observed between the beginning and the end of the treatment. From above results, we have concluded that CDZM is a useful and safe antibiotic in pediatrics, administered at a daily dose of 20 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 doses and administered intravenously.
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PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies of cefodizime in pediatrics]. 188 Sep 19

In the last two decades the incidence of tuberculosis in Austria has lowered very dramatically. So the danger of routineously made BCG-vaccinations in newborns got higher than the risk of Tbc-infections. The complications of BCG-vaccinations are: 1. severe local reactions (esp. purulent BCG-lymphadenitis), 2. BCG-osteomyelitis and 3. BCG-sepsis. The quantity of purulent lymphadenitis is dependent from the vaccine-type; "normal" vaccines cause 0.3%, the BCG-Pasteur Intradermal P-Vaccine caused 7.5%! Therefore the further use of this vaccine was forbidden. In Austria with January 1st 1990 the routineously vaccinations of the newborns was stopped, and since this date only special indications for BCG-vaccination are recommended (high risk of Tbc-infection).
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PMID:[BCG vaccination]. 194 19

We conducted a pharmacokinetic and clinical study on cefpirome (HR 810, CPR), an aminothiazolylmethoxyiminoacetamido cephalosporin (ATOIC), and obtained the following results. 1. Concentrations in blood/excretion in urine. We studied pharmacokinetic in children upon intravenous bolus injections and 30-minute and 1-hour intravenous drip infusions in single dosages of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, and obtained virtually the same results as those found in adult subjects. Upon intravenous bolus injections, mean blood concentrations 30 minutes after administration of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg were 26.1, 47.8, and 82.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, and half-lives were 1.13, 1.43, and 1.26 hours, respectively. Upon 30-minute intravenous drip infusion, mean blood concentrations on completion of the drip infusions of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg were 43.2, 106.9, and 163.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, and half-lives were 1.15, 1.09, and 1.15 hours, respectively. In addition, upon 1-hour intravenous drip infusion, mean blood concentrations on completion of infusion were 27.1 micrograms/ml for 10 mg/kg and 47.5 micrograms/ml for 20 mg/kg, and half-lives were 1.09 and 1.40 hours, respectively. A clear dose response was observed at all dosages for either administration method. Mean excretion rates in urine in the first 8 hours after administration were 60.6-71.1% upon intravenous bolus injections of 10-40 mg/kg, and upon intravenous drip infusion, the values were 50.2-83.8% for administration of 10-40 mg/kg 6 or 7 hours after completion of drip infusion. 2. Concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid Penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid was studied in 2 subjects, and a concentration of 0.28-5.19 micrograms/ml was observed upon administration of 50 mg/kg, a moderate degree of penetration compared to the penetration of cephalosporins of group 5 studied up to now. 3. Clinical results Evaluation of clinical effects of CPR on various types of bacterial infections was conducted in 56 subjects, excluding 3 subjects who had diseases which were excluded from the study. The breakdown was as follows: 3 cases of meningitis, 1 case of septicemia, 25 cases of bronchial pneumonia, 1 case each of tonsillitis and infection of the external acoustic meatus, 2 cases each of scarlet fever and phlegmon, 8 cases each of lymphadenitis and urinary tract infections, and 5 cases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Results of excellent or good were obtained in 54 subjects for an efficacy rate of 96.4%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of cefpirome in the pediatric field]. 204 Nov 59

The antibiotic era has changed the incidence, causal factors, and gravity of empyema. Between 1977 and 1988, 27 children with empyema were surgically managed. Ten cases occurred after an operation (8 esophageal and 2 abdominal). There were 15 girls and 12 boys. The age range was newborn to 12 years. Symptoms included fever, cough, tube drainage postoperatively, anorexia, weight loss, chest pain, tachypnea, and lymphadenitis. Multiple aerobic and anaerobic organisms were cultured. Treatment included thoracentesis and antibiotics, tube thoracostomy, tube thoracostomy and bronchoscopy, decortication, or decortication with lobectomy. The total hospital stay averaged 28.3 days, and after decortication, 11.6 days. Empyemas in children frequently have multiple organisms and should be treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics while awaiting culture results. Thoracentesis and tube thoracostomy are often ineffective in curing the disease. Decortication can abbreviate hospital stay if performed promptly for persistent pleural sepsis.
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PMID:Management of empyema in children. 258 99

We have treated 42 episodes of pediatric infections with sulbactam/ampicillin since 1987. Included were 9 cellulitis, 9 urinary tract infections, 5 cervical lymphadenitis, 4 meningitis, 2 thoracic empyema, 2 osteomyelitis, 2 sepsis, 1 furuncle, 1 perianal abscess, 1 dental abscess, 1 peritonsillitis, 1 salmonellosis, 1 shigellosis, 1 peritonitis, 1 suppurative thyroiditis, 1 infective endocarditis. Responsible pathogens were Escherichia coli in 8, Staphylococcus aureus in 6, Hemophilus influenzae in 2, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 3, Streptococcus viridans in 2, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 1, Bacteroides fragilis in 1, Salmonella D1 in 1, Shigella sonnei in 1, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1, Enterobacter agglomerans in 1, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in 1, Enterobacter cloacae in 1, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus in 1, and polymicrobial infection in 4 cases. Thirty-nine out of 41 (95%) clinically evaluable patients cured and all (34/34) bacteriologically evaluable patients eradicated their pathogens after treatment with sulbactam/ampicillin. Side reactions were seen in five patients; one maculopapular skin rash, one hemolytic anemia, two diarrhea, and one liver function impairment plus leukopenia. All these reactions were transient and did not require interruption of therapy. These results indicate that sulbactam/ampicillin is safe and effective in the treatment of common pediatric infections beyond the neonatal period.
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PMID:A clinical evaluation of sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of pediatric infections. 263 93


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