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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although apparently observed before, the history of listeriosis dates back approximately 60 years. First known as a cause of epidemics and sporadic cases in some 50 species of animals, the disease appears now with increased frequency among human populations at risk. The causative agent Listeria monocytogenes is primarily a psychrophilic soil-borne bacterium with a wide pathogenic potential thus provoking primarily septicemia, meningitis and intrauterine infections. Recent observations indicate certain types of food being the principle vehicle for transmission of human listeriosis. This would parallel the epizootic situation in domestic animals. Further studies of the mechanisms leading to clinical and subclinical infections are just as necessary as reliable methods to determine the immunity status of individuals at risk.
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PMID:Listeriosis--history and actual developments. 313 93

Between January 1985 and March 1986, five cases of listeriosis were reported in Los Angeles County in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). All patients were homosexual men with no other risk factors for AIDS. Two patients had sepsis only, two patients had sepsis and meningitis, and one patient had sepsis and signs of meningitis. Sixty percent of the cases (three patients) had a prior or concurrent gastrointestinal illness. Eighty percent of the cases (four patients) also had no prior history of antibiotic administration. Both of these findings may have predisposed these AIDS patients to be at increased risk for listeriosis. Although listeriosis is an infrequent illness in AIDS patients, people with AIDS or human immunodeficiency virus infection should probably refrain from ingesting food items associated with listeriosis. These food items include improperly pasteurized dairy products, and raw fruits and vegetables not properly washed.
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PMID:Listeriosis: an uncommon opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A report of five cases and a review of the literature. 327 81

A case of prenatally diagnosed non-immune hydrops fetalis, that was later shown to be caused by listeriosis, is presented, and the clinical course, as well as the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are described. We conclude, that listeriosis should be excluded, whenever a non-immune hydrops fetalis is associated with septicemia, influenza-like illness and fever of unknown origin.
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PMID:Listeriosis: a cause of non-immune hydrops fetalis. 329 46

Between April 1, 1985, and April 1, 1986, four cases of perinatal listeriosis were reported at the Maastricht Academic Hospital. All cases were of the early-onset type. All mothers were admitted for pre-term labour between 28 and 33 weeks of gestation. Pre-natal symptoms included maternal fever, non-characteristic influenza-like manifestations, leucocytosis and (pre-term) meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Two neonates died, one in utero and one due to listeriosis sepsis. Another neonate developed a hydrocephalus. Only one neonate has survived without damage up to now. Such a high incidence of listeriosis and the high perinatal morbidity and mortality rates are remarkable. Epidemiological, bacteriological and placental sequelae of Listeria monocytogenes are discussed.
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PMID:Perinatal listeriosis underdiagnosed as a cause of pre-term labour? 338 63

Listeria monocytogenes infection is relatively unusual in children. Two cases are reported which illustrate that meningitis and septicemia are the most frequent manifestations at this age. Prognosis is especially bad in immunodeficient patients.
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PMID:[Listeria monocytogenes infection in children]. 347 24

Certain infections, such as UTI, may have an increased incidence during pregnancy owing to physiological changes. Between 2 and 10% of pregnant women have covert or asymptomatic bacteriuria which is associated with an increased incidence of acute symptomatic UTI in later pregnancy if left untreated. Thus antenatal screening to detect the presence of bacteriuria is justified. Most women will remain abacteriuric throughout the remainder of pregnancy after a single course of antibiotic therapy but a small percentage will fail to respond or have recurrent UTIs. Maternal infection with certain organisms, namely those which resist phagocytosis, may result in transplacental infection of the fetus in utero. Congenital syphilis is preventable and antenatal serological screening is usually routinely performed. Listeriosis following maternal infection in pregnancy is less predictable and the epidemiology of L. monocytogenes remains unclear. Genital tract carriage of sexually transmitted organisms, such as N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis, may also be detected during pregnancy and antibiotic therapy will be indicated to eradicate such organisms and prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity. Antibiotic therapy during pregnancy will not, however, eradicate carriage of GBS from the genital tract, although carriage status at term can now be reliably predicted by using enriched culture techniques and swabbing multiple sites on more than one occasion. Where carriage is confirmed, the administration of intrapartum antibiotics to the mother appears a useful approach in the prevention of early onset neonatal GBS disease. Broad spectrum intrapartum antibiotics may also be indicated when there are complications, such as prolonged labour or premature rupture of membranes, which are associated with a higher incidence of maternal postpartum endometritis and morbidity than in women following uncomplicated vaginal delivery. Serious postnatal sepsis and shock is fortunately now rare. The pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in late pregnancy and the puerperium are altered and maternal serum levels may be reduced by 10-50%. Most antibiotics cross the placenta and are excreted in breast milk. Some agents, such as the beta-lactams, are considered safe in pregnancy and breast-feeding women while other antibiotics are contraindicated owing to risk of toxicity (often rare) or teratogenicity (often theoretical). Caution is necessary with many agents which may cause side effects or toxicity although this does not necessarily contraindicate their use in pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Prescribing in pregnancy. Bacterial infections in pregnancy. 352 53

Analysis of biopsy specimen obtained at autopsies performed in hospitals for children from 1981 to 1984 are presented, as well as the results of goal-directed studies of some infectious diseases. It is noted that at adequate morphological and laboratory examinations the frequency of the diagnosed infectious diseases is rather high revealing mainly combined infections. The frequency of acute respiratory infections is especially high, as it is found in 3/4 of the nonsurvivors. There are viral, bacterial, Mycoplasma-induced and other diseases among them. The data on frequency and specific morphological features of different etiologic groups of infection, as well as separate diseases are given. Acute intestinal infections were less frequently diagnosed (in 9.8% of cases), coli-infection being predominant and appearing as a complication of different severe somatic diseases. Sepsis occurred rather frequently, though its rate was gradually decreasing (from 11.1% to 5.3%). Infections with predominant intracanal generalization were rare. Meningococcemia, developing, as a rule, in the presence of generalized viral infections, occurred in 2.2% of cases. Meningitis and meningoencephalitis, more often bacterial ones, complicating congenital malformations, were found in 4.5% of cases. Intrauterine infections, in particular caused by Mycoplasmas and viruses (cytomegalic, herpetic and respiratory ones) were very often diagnosed. They were associated with the same type of placental damage. Chlamydiosis, evidently frequent, was almost unidentified. Bacterial intrauterine infections including listeriosis were rare.
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PMID:[Current aspects of infectious pathology in infants and fetuses]. 353 69

A forty-two year-old male homosexual with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed Listeria monocytogenes septicemia and meningitis. The gastrointestinal tract was the likely portal of entry. The patient was treated with intravenous ampicillin with complete and permanent resolution of his listerial infection. Although L. monocytogenes infection has been reported as an uncommon complications of AIDS, we are unaware of Listeria meningitis being previously reported in an AIDS patient. It is hoped that this case report will alert health care workers to the possibility of Listeria infection in AIDS patients, particularly since this infection responds well to readily-available antibiotic therapy. The microbiology, epidemiology, clinical, and neurologic aspects of listerial infection and general aspects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are discussed.
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PMID:Listeria monocytogenes: a rare cause of opportunistic infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and a new cause of meningitis in AIDS. A case report. 375 10

During 1983 an unusual high incidence of listeriosis in man was observed in parts of Lower Saxony. 24 strains of Listeria monocytogenes--all serotyp 4b--were isolated from 10 newborn infants, 3 children and 11 adults suffering from meningitis and sepsis. All of the affected newborns and children recovered with antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:[Increased incidence of listeriosis diseases in Lower Saxony, 1983]. 387 96

25 cases (14 adults, 11 neonates) of Listeria monocytogenes infection were observed during a 15-month period (1983/1984) at the University Medical Center (CHUV) in Lausanne (Switzerland), in contrast to a mean of only 3 cases per year during the period 1974-1982. Eleven of 14 adults had neuromeningeal disease (3 meningitis, 7 meningoencephalitis, 1 encephalitis), and 3 patients had septicemia, two of whom were pregnant women. Among 8 adults with CNS parenchymal infection, 6 had involvement of the brainstem (rhombencephalitis), none of whom had an underlying disease characteristically predisposing to L. monocytogenes infection. Prominent clinical features in all patients with neuromeningeal disease included altered consciousness, headache and fever, and in 7 out of 8 patients with parenchymal CNS involvement an influenza-like illness was present prior to the development of neurological symptoms. Among the neuromeningeal cases the mortality rate was 45% (5 of 11), and 4 out of 6 survivors had severe neurological sequelae. During this 15-month period L. monocytogenes had become the leading cause of adult bacterial meningitis in this hospital. This is the first report on epidemic listeriosis in Switzerland, although sporadic cases have been described for 20 years. In contrast to previous years, analysis of the seasonal variation of the cases shows a peak of L. monocytogenes infections during the winter months of 1983/84. The high incidence of human listeriosis was not associated with an increase in animal cases. The human cases were uniformly distributed over the area, apparently in relation to population density.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Epidemic listeriosis. Report of 25 cases in 15 months at the Vaud University Hospital Center]. 391 44


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