Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral idarubicin was given as single-agent treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in 18 poor-risk patients. They comprised nine previously untreated elderly patients, age range 69-86, and nine relapsed pretreated patients, age range 41-76. Overall, two patients achieved complete remission (including one with preceding refractory anemia with excess of blasts) and seven achieved partial responses. Dose-limiting toxic effects were diarrhea and sepsis. In this limited study, oral idarubicin at a dose of 20-25 mg/m2/day X 3 was a well-tolerated drug with potent antileukemic effects. The oral formulation deserves more widespread evaluation.
 ...
PMID:Oral idarubicin as single-agent treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in poor-risk patients. 348 44

We studied 25 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in second remission (20 patients) or third remission (5 patients) in whom autologous bone marrow transplantation was performed with use of marrow incubated ex vivo with the alkylating agent 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. Patients received intensive cytoreductive therapy with busulfan and cyclophosphamide or cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation, followed by an infusion of marrow that had been collected in remission, treated with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, and cryopreserved. Four patients died from bacterial or fungal sepsis within the first month after transplantation, and one patient with persistent marrow hypoplasia died from gram-negative sepsis 155 days after infusion with autologous marrow. In the remaining patients, peripheral-blood levels of neutrophils in excess of 0.5 X 10(9) per liter and platelet counts over 50 X 10(9) per liter were attained at median intervals of 29 and 57 days after transplantation, respectively. Nine patients had leukemic relapses at 73 to 316 days (median, 182 days) after infusion of autologous marrow, for an actuarial relapse rate of 46 percent. Eleven patients (eight in second remission and three in third) remained in remission at a median of more than 400 days (range, greater than 230 to greater than 1653 days) after transplantation. The observed disease-free survival after transplantation with autologous marrow treated with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide compares favorably with the results of syngeneic or allogeneic transplantation in similar groups of patients.
 ...
PMID:Autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, using ex vivo marrow treatment with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. 352 41

High-dose (HD) cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) is more effective treatment than conventional-dose ara-C regimens for patients with relapsed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Previously, we have reported that HD-ara-C administered during the first remission of ANLL has resulted in long remission durations and a high proportion of patients with long-term disease-free survival. In this update, those patients have been observed further and additional patients have been treated, affirming the initial conclusions. Since August 1979, 55 adult patients with ANLL in first remission received one to three courses of HD-ara-C (3 g/m2 by one-hour infusion every 12 hours for 12 doses on days 1 to 6) alone or with daunorubicin (30 mg/m2 for two or three doses on days 7 to 9). Three patients died of sepsis or hemorrhage during consolidation and 19 patients have relapsed from 5 to 48 months after diagnosis. The remaining 33 patients remain in continued complete remission (CCR) from 5 to 75 months. Denoting all deaths in remission as relapse, the actuarial probability of CCR is 51% at 75 months with an apparent plateau in the survival curve. Of the first 22 patients is 27 months. Using univariate and multivariate analysis, age is the only statistically significant prognostic parameter with the actuarial CCR of ages less than 25, 25 to 44, and greater than 44 being 100%, 48%, and 23%, respectively. Due to its heightened antileukemic activity, HD-ara-C allows brief but effective consolidation of ANLL in first remission with long-term disease-free survival comparable with other approaches including bone-marrow transplantation.
 ...
PMID:High-dose cytosine arabinoside and daunorubicin as consolidation therapy for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in first remission: an update. 358 87

A phase II study of acute leukemia with mitoxantrone (MIT) was conducted by the Tokai Blood Cancer Study Group. The drug efficacy was evaluable in 31 cases (14 of ALL and 17 of ANLL) out of 37 entered at 13 institutions. Five cases were for first induction remission and 26 cases for re-induction remission; ages ranged from 7 to 69 (median: 43); 18 males and 13 females. MIT dosage was intravenous injection of 3-6 mg/m2/day X 5 consecutive days as a rule. Of the 14 cases of ALL, 2 achieved CR and 3, PR; the efficacy rate was 36%. Of the 17 cases of ANLL, 4 achieved CR and 3, PR: the efficacy rate was 41%. Of the 5 first induction remission cases, 3 achieved CR, and 1, PR, the efficacy rate being 80%, whereas out of the 26 re-induction remission cases, 3 achieved CR, 5 PR, and the efficacy rate was 31%. In 3 of 6 cases of CR, large cumulative doses of anthracyclines such as DNR 140 mg plus ACR 410 mg, DNR 360 mg plus ADR 120 mg plus ADR 120 mg, and DNR 240 mg plus ADR 540 mg, had been administered previously in each case. As to complications, sepsis and other infections were observed at the rates of 15% and 32%, respectively, from which it was inferred that in therapy with mitoxantrone, leukopenia should be observed carefully. The major non-hematological toxicity was gastrointestinal symptoms, but the degree was mild. From the results of this trial, it was concluded that mitoxantrone was an effective form of therapy for acute leukemia. Further clinical trials on mitoxantrone in combination with other drugs are scheduled.
 ...
PMID:[Phase II study of mitoxantrone in patients with acute leukemia]. 374 Aug 58

Thirteen patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) following high doses of cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation while in first complete remission. After marrow infusion four patients received human leukocyte interferon and nine received intravenous methotrexate. One patient died on day 16 of septicemia associated with severe gastrointestinal toxicity. In the remaining 12 patients the median day of achieving a circulating granulocyte level of 500/mm3 was 29 (range 15-94 days). Eight of 12 evaluable patients achieved a sustained platelet count of 20,000/mm3 or greater in a median of 44 days (range 12-116 days) and four patients did not achieve this level before death on days 116-396. One patient died on day 116 of interstitial pneumonitis secondary to cytomegalovirus. Eight patients relapsed 58-365 days after AMBT (median 335 days), and all have died. Three patients are alive and well without relapse 26-50 months after ABMT. This study demonstrated that poor engraftment was a frequent complication of ABMT when early posttransplant cytotoxic therapy was attempted. Relapse of leukemia and the number of long-term survivors in this small group of patients was not different from that expected following conventional therapy.
 ...
PMID:Autologous marrow transplantation in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in first remission. 388 18

The activity of complement-mediated opsonin was measured by the whole blood chemiluminescence method in 17 children with hematologic malignancy (including 6 with ALL, 7 with ANLL and 4 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) during remission induction therapy. The activity of opsonin, which was at the normal level before chemotherapy, decreased in all of the children during the therapy. This phenomenon was especially marked in the children treated with L-asparaginase. Although no clear relationship was found between the decrease in opsonin activity and the susceptibility to infection, it was confirmed that in 4 children having an episode of sepsis or septic fever, the infection started when the granulocyte decreased to the nadir, and simultaneously the activity of opsonin decreased. Therefore, it may be reasonable to suspect the decrease in opsonin activity when treating children with such infections.
 ...
PMID:Impairment of opsonic function in children with hematologic malignancy during remission induction therapy. 399 81

High-dose (HD) cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C) is more effective treatment than conventional-dose ARA-C regimens for patients with relapsed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). We report here that HD ARA-C given during the first remission of ANLL has resulted in long remission durations and a high proportion of patients who survive more than three years free of disease. From August 1979 to September 1983, 36 adult patients with ANLL in first remission received one to three courses of HD ARA-C (3 g/m2 by one-hour infusion every 12 hours for 12 doses on days 1 through 6) alone or with daunorubicin (30 mg/m2 for two or three doses on days 7 through 9). Three patients died of sepsis or hemorrhage during consolidation, and 14 patients have relapsed from five to 48 months after diagnosis. The remaining 19 patients are in continued complete remission (CCR) from 11 to 62 months. Denoting all deaths in remission as relapse, the actuarial probability of CCR is 42% at 62 months, with an apparent plateau in the survival curve. Of the first 22 patients treated, ten remain in CCR from 37 to 62 months with no therapy for at least three years. Due to its heightened anti-leukemic activity, HD ARA-C allows brief but effective consolidation of ANLL in first remission, with long-term disease-free survival comparable to other approaches.
 ...
PMID:High-dose cytosine arabinoside and daunorubicin as consolidation therapy for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in first remission: a pilot study. 399 77

Among 31 consecutive patients who developed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following treatment with chemotherapy or radiation therapy, 17 were treated with intensive chemotherapy aimed at inducing a complete remission. Seven of these 17 patients (41%) obtained a complete remission that ranged in duration from 2 to 11 (median 3) months. Two additional patients who failed to develop normal peripheral blood counts despite postinduction bone marrows that were normocellular and free of leukemia were classified as nonresponders. The median time to complete remission and median duration of leukopenia (WBC less than 1,000/mu 1) were 34 days and 23 days, respectively. Induction chemotherapy was complicated by fever in all patients, documented infection in six patients, and death secondary to sepsis in three. Survival of the 17 patients ranged from less than 1 to 39 (median 4) months. Patients achieving a complete remission had a median survival time of 10 months compared to 2 months for the nonresponders. The other 14 patients received only supportive care and had a median survival of 2 months. These findings indicate that therapy-associated acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (t-ANLL) can frequently respond to chemotherapy and that achieving a complete remission is associated with longer survival. Although these results are encouraging, patients with t-ANLL still have a relatively poor prognosis and efforts directed at improving treatment outcome need to be continued.
 ...
PMID:Response of therapy-associated acute nonlymphocytic leukemia to intensive induction chemotherapy. 401 Jun 22

Forty-six noninfected patients undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were randomized to receive (25 patients) or not to receive (21 control patients) prophylactic granulocyte transfusions when their granulocyte count fell below 0.5 X 10(9)/L. Septicemia was less frequent in the patients who received transfusions (two in 25 patients) than in the control patients (five in 21 patients), but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.28). Moreover, pneumonia was more frequent among the transfused patients (12 in 25 patients versus two in 21 patients, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the frequency of other documented infections, the achievement or duration of remission, or survival. Recipients of prophylactic granulocyte transfusions had a higher prevalence of cytomegalovirus infections (13 in 21 patients versus five in 19 patients, p = 0.03). These results suggest that prophylactic granulocyte transfusions have no statistically significant effect on the frequency of septicemia or other infections, do not enhance remission rates or survival, and are associated with an increased risk for pulmonary complications and cytomegalovirus infections.
 ...
PMID:Prophylactic granulocyte transfusions during chemotherapy of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. 626 39

Simultaneous combination chemotherapy (CT) (BCNU 40 mg/m2, procarbazine 50 mg/m2, prednisone 40 mg/m2, and vincristine 1.4 mg/m2) with low-dose radiation therapy [(RT) 2000 rad] delivered to all areas of tumor involvement aside from the bone marrow was given to 28 patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. Upon completion of RT and CT, the BCNU and procarbazine was increased by 100% until a total of six cycles of CT (with and without RT) were given. Eleven patients had received prior CT and had not achieved complete remission (CR) or had relapse from CT-induced CR within 1 year. Seventeen others had not had prior CT (7 had prior RT). Among the previously treated patients, one patient died in autopsy-proven CR during treatment. The other 10 patients achieved CR. Eight had relapsed at 4-36 months (median time to relapse, 6 months). Five patients died of Hodgkin's disease, three others died of status asthmaticus and pneumonia, radiation pneumonitis, and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, respectively. Three patients are still alive (2 in continuous CR) at 28, 89, and 90 months. Among the previously untreated patients, four died during treatment, one of acute myocardial infarction, two of liver failure, and one of radiation pneumonitis. Twelve of the other 13 patients achieved CR. One of the CR died of pneumonia and sepsis 3 months after completion of treatment; two other patients relapsed at 10 and 15 months. Nine remain in continuous CR at 42-89 months of follow-up, (median follow-up, 81 months). Of 107 tumor areas treated with RT, in-field relapse occurred in two areas (1.9%). Hematologic tolerance to this treatment was good in both groups of patients. Radiation pneumonitis occurred in 50% of the patients whose lungs were irradiated, and it was fatal in two. By design or for other reasons, the median and mean doses of BCNU and procarbazine given to previously treated patients were 62% and 65.2%, respectively. In untreated patients, the median and mean doses of these two agents were 66.6% and 61.4%, respectively. There were no differences in dosage of these two agents between patients who remain alive in CR and those who relapsed and died. The potential of similar programs of radiation and chemotherapy is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Simultaneous low-dose radiation and low-dose chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease. 639 Nov 42


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>